Lesson 37 The Olympic Games奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) 一單詞講解Olympic adj奧林匹克競(jìng)賽的the Olympic fire奧林匹克圣火the Olympic Games/the Olympics奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)hold-held-held1) conduct舉行，進(jìn)行例: The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在2008年在北京召開(kāi)A meeting was held here yesterday昨天一個(gè)會(huì)議被召開(kāi)了。2)observe，celebrate慶祝，過(guò)（節(jié)日，生日，周年）例: Do you hold Christmas in your country?你們國(guó)家慶祝圣誕節(jié)嗎？3)take and keep/grab/seize/catch抓住，握住hold my hand抓住我的手take hold of.catch hold of.get hold of. 抓住.例: l threw the rope and he caught hold of it.我扔出了繩了，他抓住了它。4) contain容納have enough space for sb/sth例: My brain cannot hold so much information at one time我的大腦一下子不能容納這么多信息。The auditorium can hold l, 000 people這個(gè)禮堂能夠容納1000人5)堅(jiān)持例：Hold on! 堅(jiān)持??！Stick to it! 堅(jiān)持住！Never say die！ 永不言??！Never give up! 永不放棄！Never lose heart! 永不要灰心喪氣！Hold the line, please 請(qǐng)稍等，不要掛斷電話。Hold it! 別掛斷！Hold on a minute，please !請(qǐng)稍等（不要掛斷電話）。government n政府govern v治理（國(guó)家，國(guó)民），統(tǒng)治，管理，抑制例: The mayor governed the city very wisely.這個(gè)市長(zhǎng)很好的治理這個(gè)城市。govern the people 統(tǒng)治人民govern a school 管理一所學(xué)校govern one s temper 抑制某人的脾氣government n政治，政府government of the people, by the people and for the people民有，民治，民享的政治the local government 地方政府：governor n州長(zhǎng)（美）：總督，總裁，管理者（-英）Run for Governor-by Mark Twain競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)the board of governors 董理事會(huì)the governor of the prison 監(jiān)獄長(zhǎng)stadium n露大體育場(chǎng)a baseball stadium 棒球館a swimming stadium 游泳館an indoor stadium 室內(nèi)游泳館the Olympic stadium 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)gymnasium健身房，室內(nèi)體育館gymgymnasia(pl)capital1) n首都，省會(huì)例: London, Paris and Rome are capital cities.倫敦、巴黎以及羅馬都是首都城市。Paris is the capital of France 巴黎是法國(guó)的首都。2) n大寫(xiě)字母capital letterwrite in capitals用大寫(xiě)字母來(lái)書(shū)寫(xiě)例: Begin your sentence with a capital.用大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)始句首。3) n資本，資金capitalism 資本主義capitalist 資本家set up a business with a capital starting of lOO, OOO.以十萬(wàn)英鎊的起始資金創(chuàng)辦公司。fixed capital固定資本circulating capital流動(dòng)資本capital and interest資本及利息4) adj.致命的，可處死刑的capital punishment 死刑a capital blunder 大錯(cuò)誤standard1)adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，一般的standard English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)a car of the standard size標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大小的汽車(chē)2) adj極佳的，一流的a standard composer一流的作曲家 3)n標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，水準(zhǔn)，模范，規(guī)范living standard生活水準(zhǔn)the standard of living生活水準(zhǔn)moral standard 道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)criterion n標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尺度criteria pl.例: His work was below the required standard.他的工作低于要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。standard time標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間（以格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，在某個(gè)地區(qū)或國(guó)家采用的時(shí)間）fantastic /immense adj巨大的big大的反義詞small小的large（寬度，數(shù)量上）大的huge巨大的，極大地very large in size or amount , enormousvast: very large in area, size, quantity or degree （面積，體積，數(shù)量，程度）巨大的immense：extremely large 巨大的，非常大的fantastic （口）巨大的enormous: very large， immense 巨大的， 極大的tremendous: very great 巨大的，極大的giant n巨人 巨物 adj.巨大的gigantic adj. 巨大的of very great size or extent, immensetitanic 巨大的fantastic1)adj巨大的2)adj. （口）極好的，美妙的，很棒的例： The night view of the bay is even more fantastic.海灣的夜景甚至更美。designl)v設(shè)計(jì)，擬訂例: She designs dresses for the singer.她為那個(gè)歌星設(shè)計(jì)的衣服。He designed a plot for his new novel.他為新的小說(shuō)設(shè)計(jì)情節(jié)。design a perfect crime 籌劃一個(gè)天衣無(wú)縫的犯罪The house is designed for a large family.這個(gè)房子是為人口多的家庭設(shè)計(jì)的。designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)師2)V圖樣，設(shè)計(jì)（圖）a design for a dress -條裙子的圖樣a school of dress design 服裝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)校draft a design for a building 畫(huà)建筑的設(shè)計(jì)圖dra:ft例: The machine is of very poor design.這個(gè)機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)極其的糟糕。二、關(guān)鍵句型Key structures將來(lái)完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will + do現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has 過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)完成時(shí)：will(shall)have +v- ed農(nóng)將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì)完成的事情并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響，常常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。區(qū)別：一般將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。區(qū)別：一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)將要發(fā)生的事。例: I shall have finished this book before lunch.在午飯之前我將要看完這本書(shū)。Theyll have hit the year s target by the end of October.到十月底為止，他們已經(jīng)完成這本書(shū)了。When we get there they ll probably have left.他們可能已經(jīng)走了。By this time next year we ll have turned all the land into rice fields.到明年這個(gè)時(shí)候?yàn)橹?，我們已?jīng)把稻田變成了田地。He will have moved to a new flat in two months time.兩個(gè)月之后，他將已經(jīng)搬進(jìn)新的公寓了。三、課文講解TextThe Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time.game n cform of play or sport with rulesa game of cards紙牌游戲例: Playing house is one of the favorite games of children.玩過(guò)家家是孩子們最喜歡的游戲。games運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) (pl.)the Games （國(guó)際）體育比賽international athletic contests 國(guó)際性比賽the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)play a cat-and-mouse game with sb 欲擒故縱the luck of the game 手氣in 4 years time= in four years 四年之后此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是We will hold the Olympic Games in our country in four years time四年之后，將在我國(guó)召開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.a great many +pl 許多a good many十pl.a large number of+ pl.many a + single n. （謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)）They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.By the end of the Year 到今年年底為止in the end 最后at last 最后finally 最后at the end of+時(shí)間地點(diǎn)at the end of this month 這個(gè)月月底at the end of this road 這個(gè)路的盡頭by the end of 與完成時(shí)連用By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadiumThe fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kr Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.go upmushroom up如雨后春筍般越來(lái)越多例: New buildings mushroom up.新的建筑物像雨后春筍一般聳立起來(lái)。We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.look forward to ( prep) + n. /doing/pron.渴望，盼望（常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）be eager to do sth 熱切的盼望做某事be eager for sth 熱切的期望著什么long to do sth渴望做某事long for sth 渴望著什么東西例：I am looking forward to your letter.我期待著你的信。I am looking forward to seeing you again.我渴望著再次見(jiàn)到你。look1)n神情，表情good looking 好看的common looking 長(zhǎng)相普通的ordinary-looking 長(zhǎng)相普通的have a look at 看一眼2) vi.look at 看look for 尋找look after 照顧look into像里面看：調(diào)查，研究look on 旁觀look through 透過(guò)一看；快速瀏覽look over 反反復(fù)復(fù)地看look back 回顧 look back the pastlook forward 向前看，展望；渴望look out 小心例：Look out! A bus is coming小心，公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。look up查字典；拜訪；抬起頭，仰視例: I don t understand this word, I shall look it up in a dictionary.我不明白這個(gè)詞，應(yīng)該在字典里查一下。Don t forget to look me up when you return.等你回來(lái)的時(shí)候不要忘了來(lái)看看我。He did not look up from his desk when I entered his office.當(dāng)我進(jìn)入辦公室的時(shí)候，他甚至沒(méi)有從辦公桌上抬起頭來(lái)。put take get set look have萬(wàn)能詞：Words have no meanings; people have meanings for words詞是沒(méi)有含義的，人們?yōu)榇速x了含義。四、練習(xí)Exercises1. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. They _.A. have already finished B. haven t finished yetC. finished long time ago D. are finishing now工人們將在今年年底將公路鋪好，他們還沒(méi)有完成。分析： A已經(jīng)完成了； C很久前完成的：D正在完成； B還沒(méi)有完成。答案是B2. By the end of next year they will have finis