.,1,雅思閱讀第二講,Listofheadings,.,2,題例：劍43,.,3,.,4,Tipsonlistofheadings,題目出現(xiàn)在文章前，要特別注意不要漏做每個(gè)標(biāo)題只用一次標(biāo)題多于選項(xiàng)，拿不準(zhǔn)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)先標(biāo)上多個(gè)標(biāo)題，有空再細(xì)看示例中已經(jīng)選過的段落直接劃掉不看，節(jié)約時(shí)間,.,5,英文文章結(jié)構(gòu),學(xué)術(shù)類多為議論說明文多常采用線條清晰而簡單的文章結(jié)構(gòu)：總分式：開頭論點(diǎn)論據(jù)或說明結(jié)尾重申Topicsentencesupportingideas,examplesRepitition/suggestionLocationoftopsentence:80%首句，15%末句，5%左右在中間）,.,6,實(shí)例：主題句與支持句,Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservedbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentence:Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbetterinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.,.,7,解題步驟,.,8,解題側(cè)重點(diǎn),選項(xiàng)著手:抓住每個(gè)heading中的KEYWORDS文章著手:抓住文章每段的主題句無主題句者，需要你從共性的東西中總結(jié)推斷，可重點(diǎn)關(guān)注段落中的重復(fù)字眼,.,9,注意改寫現(xiàn)象,Headings是原文主題的濃縮改寫文章中更具體，選項(xiàng)更概括,更抽象Headings中的關(guān)鍵詞可能在原文中會以改寫的方式出現(xiàn),.,10,主題句非固定特征,主題句（需要你細(xì)讀）包含性最強(qiáng)的句子轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)式的句子But/however等之后的句子Although,inspiteof,despite的主句表結(jié)論、推斷等sbbelieve/hold/imply/suggest等引導(dǎo)的賓從是主句表定義AisdefinedasisknownasAisNamely/ThatisThisis,.,11,非主題句特征,非主題句（需要略過）舉例包含細(xì)節(jié)的句子問句從句,.,12,主題句的常規(guī)特征,Feature:1.某特定單詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn)2.以指代詞形式出現(xiàn)3.以同義詞/近義詞/同類詞的形式出現(xiàn),.,13,1.某特定單詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn),Animalscanmoveformplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.,plants,Plants,plants,.,14,2.以指代詞形式出現(xiàn),Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.,Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.,.,15,3.以同義詞/近義詞/同類詞形式出現(xiàn),SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.,SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.,.,16,特例：notopicsentence,某些段落主題句不明顯，是一系列細(xì)節(jié)的羅列，此時(shí)需要?dú)w納出它們所屬的類別。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensils,.,17,Hintsfromwordsintheheadings,1.wordssignifyingthebeginningofapassage2.wordssignifyingthemiddlepartsofapassage3.wordssignifyingtheendofapassage,.,18,1.wordssignifyingthebeginning,（1）名詞+of+文章主標(biāo)題concept,conception,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/mainidea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,whatis+文章主標(biāo)題（2）動詞+文章主標(biāo)題define,justify（3）形容詞+名詞+of+文章主標(biāo)題basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elementsof+topic,.,19,2.wordssignifyingthemiddle,（1）所有的比較選項(xiàng)compare,contrast,rival,similar,match,coincidewith,contraryto,oppositeto,versus,akinto,aliento（2）數(shù)字選項(xiàng)data,figure,demography,demographic,statistic,census,calculation（3）百分比選項(xiàng)rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density,.,20,（4）金錢符號選項(xiàng)wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenue,salary（5）時(shí)間指示詞decade,generation,ages,longtime,longterm,longtradition,longprocess,longprocedure,centuryheritage,.,21,3.wordssignifyingtheending,effect(affect),impact,consequenceresult,generalization,conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipationProspect/vision+文章的TOPIC,.,22,Exercisesonheading,Pleaseidentifythebestheadingforeachparagraphaccordingtowhatyouread.,.,23,.,24,無主題句，都是細(xì)節(jié),.,25,.,26,主題句為第一句Ais,.,27,.,28,首句非主題句，此段中心只能推斷，根據(jù)句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,.,29,.,30,.,31,.,32,.,33,.,3