GrammarLearning,句子成分,定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),1.句子成分的定義，構(gòu)成是什么？,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有哪些？,主語(yǔ)（subject）句子說(shuō)明的人或事物說(shuō)說(shuō)什么成分作主語(yǔ),Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（句子）,謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征,簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名詞）,(代詞）,(數(shù)詞),(名詞化的形容詞),(三)賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)說(shuō)說(shuō)什么成分作賓語(yǔ),（不定式）,（動(dòng)名詞）,（句子）,賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.Hegavemesomebooks.vt.+sb.+sth.,間接賓語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ),（四）表語(yǔ),在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.,系動(dòng)詞,1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞）2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,rest,remain,stay,stand3）表像系動(dòng)詞seem,appear,look4）感官系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste5）變化系動(dòng)詞become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,run.6）終止系動(dòng)詞prove,turnout,“證實(shí)”，“變成”,（五）定語(yǔ)修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容詞),(名詞),(數(shù)詞),(名詞的所有格),(現(xiàn)在分詞),(過(guò)去分詞),定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,（六）狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、程度、方式和伴隨、讓步。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,1.感覺(jué)(feel)2.聽(tīng)(1istento，hear)；3.讓(make，let，have)4.catch,find,leave,keep5.看(lookat，see，watch，notice，observe)；,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞詞組+sb+todo”advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，like，love，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，remind，tell，want，wish，think，waitfor，callon，dependon等。,區(qū)分1.Heexpectedtoseeus.2.Hecametoseeus.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.IamteachingEnglish.5.HeteachesusChinese.6.Wemakeshimpresident.7.Heboughtmeabook.8.Thefoodtastesdelicious.9.Hetastesthedeliciousfood.,賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,S+V+O,Hefoundhereating.Ihavesth.tosay.Ihavehimstanding/stand.Iwillgotoschoolagain.Iwantyoutogoshopping.,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞詞組+sb+todo”advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，like，love，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，remind，tell，want，wish，think，waitfor，callon，dependon等。,按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種:,簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),復(fù)合句(complexsentence),簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentence),只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Maryopenedthedoor.B.兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner.C.一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests.,簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(S+V)Myheadaches.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)Thesongsoundsnice.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)SheknowsFrench.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓+直賓(S+V+O1+O2)HeshowedmeaTVset.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+V+O+C)Theywontletmego.,并列句(compoundsentence):把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連接起來(lái)，則成為一個(gè)并列句。,IturnedontheTV.Iwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列連詞coordinatingconjunctions,平行并列連詞:轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:選擇并列連詞:,and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,復(fù)合句:主句+從句主句是一個(gè)完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在.,Bythetimehearrived,1wehad