2019年北京市東城區(qū)高三二模2019年5月AWorld Environment Day is a UN Environment-led global event, _which_(1) takes place on June 5 every year and is celebrated by thousands of communities worldwide. Since it began in 1972, it has grown to become the _largest_(2 large) of all the celebrations of environment each year. China owns half the worlds electric vehicles and 99% of the world s electric buses. By _hosting_(3 host) World Environment Day 2019, the Chinese government will be able to showcase its innovation and progress toward to a cleaner environment.BWhy do people want to go to university? For some, it is the desire to learn. At university, you _will be taught_(4 teach) by lecturers and professors who may be leading experts _in_(5) their fields. The opporutnity to learn from them is what drives some people _to apply_( 6 apply)to university. For others, going to university provides the all-important stepping-stone for their careers. However, for the majority of _western_(7 west)people, university means freedom from home. CBillions of poor people around the world _depend_(8 depend) on the use of wood for cooking. And as they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered. This is _why_(9) Dr, Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He wants to teach women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. He helped create Solar Cookers International. Its an organization that introduces solar cookers to developing countries _and_(10) teaches people how to use them.第二節(jié) 完形填空Two birthdays, One mistakeZackary Johnson has a birthday coming up in a few days, so it wasnt surprising to have an envelope addressed to him last week. His mom， Glenda， _ noticed _(11) immediately that it was spelled “Zachary” Johnson. She didnt find that unusual because many people spell Zackarys name _ incorrectly _(12). But the senders pre-printed label made her confused. That name didnt _ match _(13) up to anyone of her friends or relatives. She asked her husband, “Do you _ recognize _(14) this name? “”Nope,” Steve responded and became somewhat _ concerned _(15).Still, they agreed to _ present _(16 the envelope to their son to see what was in it. Zack opened it to _ find _(17 $20 in a birthday card that said “Happy Birthday, Zachary!” He was excited 18 and was ready to go shopping!However, the _ unease _(19 increased for Glenda. The card was unsigned. She was wondering why a _ stranger _(20) would send money to her son and _how_(21 he would know it was Zacks birthday. A variety of scenes can go _ through _(22 parents minds, especially when they hear stories about Internet crimes. They knew they would have to make some inquiries not only to give them _ peace _(23 , but also to protect their son.“I know who that fellow is! He is an old farmer that lives out on Hillberry Road.” Glendas dad said when he was informed of the _ situation _(24 .So the couple quickly drove out into the country and found the house. _ Unfortunately _(25 , no one was home. Steve decided to leave a brief but _ urgent _(26 message that the call should be returned as soon as possible.The next day the old farmer called. The farmers great grandson, Zachary Johnson, had recently moved with his parents to Heavenly Drive. Thats the street where Zackary Johnson _ lives _(27 . The farmer was sure surprised by the _ turn _(28) of events. He figured hed have to send another card to his grandson. But Zackary Johnson, who is turning eleven years old in a few days, did the right thing. He and his parents _ made _(29) their way down Heavenly Drive to the home of Zachary Johnson who is turning four years old in a few days. They _ delivered _(30) Zacharys great grandfathers card with the $20. Plus, Zackary Johnson wished Zachary Johnson a very Happy Birthday.11. A. expected B. guessed C. added D. noticed12. A. hesitantly B. incorrectly C. quickly D. naturally13. A. match B. back C. call D. build14. A. sign B. like C. bear D. recognize15. A. embarrassed B. discouraged C. concerned D. ashamed16. A. present B. return C. address D. drop17. A. hold B. find C. reach D. pay18. A. relieved B. relaxed C. amused D. excited19. A. unease B. anger C. regret D. sadness20. A. relative B. friend C. stranger D. farmer21. A. who B. what C. when D. how22. A. over B. beyond C. through D. against23. A. faith B. peace C. satisfaction D. confidence24. A. secret B. crime C. conclusion D. situation25. A. Amazingly B. Unfortunately C. Interestingly D. Undoubtedly26. A. urgent B. updated C. warning D. flexible27. A. walks B. travels C. lives D. moves28. A. turn B. order C. error D. trend29. A. changed B. made C. pushed D. cleared30. A. held B. showed C. delivered D. purchased第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40 分）CLove the way you walkListen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.仔細(xì)傾聽(tīng)家里的腳步聲，你也許就能知道是誰(shuí)在走動(dòng)。最常用于識(shí)別人的特征是臉、聲音和指紋。但他們走路的方式也是一種贈(zèng)品。Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze peoples gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.研究人員已經(jīng)使用攝像機(jī)和電腦來(lái)分析人們的步態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)相當(dāng)擅長(zhǎng)了。但是將這些知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際的識(shí)別系統(tǒng)可能很困難。攝像頭通?？梢?jiàn)，設(shè)置困難，需要良好的照明，可能會(huì)被其他人擋住視線。由Ozanian博士和Scully博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)一直在尋找更好的方法來(lái)識(shí)別步態(tài)。他們的答案是：壓敏墊。Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someones sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subjects age.這種墊子并不新鮮。他們是安全系統(tǒng)的一部分。但是，Ozanian和Scully使用了一個(gè)復(fù)雜的版本，它可以記錄有人走過(guò)時(shí)在不同地方施加的壓力。這些測(cè)量形成了步行者獨(dú)有的模式。研究人員求助于一個(gè)人工智能系統(tǒng)來(lái)識(shí)別這種模式，但似乎奏效了。在2018年的一項(xiàng)研究中，他們?cè)?27人的足跡數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上測(cè)試了該系統(tǒng)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)識(shí)別誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)的錯(cuò)誤率僅為0.7%。史高麗說(shuō)，即使沒(méi)有可供使用的足跡數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，該系統(tǒng)也可以確定某人的性別，并以合理的準(zhǔn)確度確定受試者的年齡。One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old persons own residence could monitor changes in an individuals gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.基于墊子的步態(tài)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)應(yīng)用可能是醫(yī)療保健，特別是老年人。放在療養(yǎng)院或老人家中的墊子可以監(jiān)測(cè)個(gè)人步態(tài)的變化，這表明有某種疾病。這將提供早期預(yù)警，提醒有人有更大的摔倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials.步態(tài)分析也可以用作工作場(chǎng)所的安全措施，監(jiān)測(cè)進(jìn)入限制區(qū)域的情況，如軍事基地、服務(wù)器場(chǎng)或處理危險(xiǎn)材料的實(shí)驗(yàn)室的部分區(qū)域。Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.不過(guò)，墊子最有趣的用途可能是在公共場(chǎng)所，如機(jī)場(chǎng)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，需要將需要識(shí)別的人的足跡存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，這比現(xiàn)有機(jī)場(chǎng)安全系統(tǒng)所依賴的照片和指紋的收集更難安排。許多機(jī)組人員或預(yù)先登記的飛行?？蜁?huì)歡迎任何加速現(xiàn)代旅行最令人厭煩的部分之一的東西。38. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A. Research equipment. B. Research findings.C. Research assumption. D. Research background.39. According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to _.A. collect data B. ensure safetyC. determine age D. analyse pressure40. The gait-recognition system might be applied to _.A. monitor security work progress B. detect potential health problemsC. keep track of travelling frequency D. warn passengers of possible dangers41. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. compare and educate B. examine and assessC. discuss and persuade D. explain and informDOvertourism: A growing global problemThe summer holidays are in full swingand protests against overtourism have begun in a number of popular European cities. Barcelona, in particular, is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapid growth of tourism in cities, especially during peak holiday periods. In fact, there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017, compared to a resident population of 1,625,137 in Barcelona.暑假正如火如荼地進(jìn)行，一些歐洲著名城市開(kāi)始抗議過(guò)度旅游。尤其是巴塞羅那，對(duì)于城市旅游業(yè)的快速增長(zhǎng)，尤其是在節(jié)假日期間，越來(lái)越引起人們的關(guān)注。事實(shí)上，2017年有3000萬(wàn)過(guò)夜游客，而巴塞羅那的常住人口為1625137人。While many tourists want to “l(fā)ive like a local” during their visits, the residents of many tourism-dependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their home towns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops, crowds, tour buses and noisy bars. Overtourism is harming the landscape, damaging beaches, and pricing residents out of the housing market. It is a hugely complex issue that is often oversimplified.雖然許多游客在游覽期間都想“像當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯由睢?，但許多依賴旅游業(yè)的目的地的居民卻看到了他們家鄉(xiāng)特有的地方感消失在紀(jì)念品商店、人群、旅游巴士和嘈雜的酒吧下面。密蘇里主義正在破壞風(fēng)景，破壞海灘，并使居民遠(yuǎn)離住房市場(chǎng)。這是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題，常常過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化。It can have an impact in multiple ways. The international cruise(游輪) industry, for example, delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination ports. While comparatively little is returned to communities, cruise activity creates physical and visual pollution.它可以以多種方式產(chǎn)生影響。例如，國(guó)際郵輪行業(yè)每天向目的港運(yùn)送數(shù)千名乘客。雖然相對(duì)而言，很少有人返回社區(qū)，但郵輪活動(dòng)會(huì)造成物理和視覺(jué)污染。City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth. As cities transform to offer service to tourists, the global travel supply chain advances. This goes with increasing property speculation(房產(chǎn)投機(jī)) and rising costs of living for local communities. Airbnb, for example, has been accused of reducing housing affordability and displacing residents.城市居民也要承擔(dān)旅游業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的成本。隨著城市向游客提供服務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)變，全球旅游供應(yīng)鏈不斷發(fā)展。這與越來(lái)越多的房地產(chǎn)投機(jī)（房地產(chǎn)投資）和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的生活成本不斷上升有關(guān)。例如，Airbnb被指控降低住房負(fù)擔(dān)能力并取代居民。In addition, overcrowding and the establishment of typical tourism-focused businesses, such as clubs, bars and souvenir shops, overpower local businessesand noisy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is common. This weakens the uniqueness of destinations and leads to crowd and waste management pressures.此外，過(guò)度擁擠和建立典型的以旅游業(yè)為中心的企業(yè)，如俱樂(lè)部、酒吧和紀(jì)念品商店、過(guò)度控制當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)和嘈雜和難以管理的旅游行為是常見(jiàn)的。這削弱了目的地的獨(dú)特性，并導(dǎo)致人群和廢物管理壓力。Clearly, tourism brings jobs, investment and economic benefits to destinations. But overtourism occurs when tourism expansion fails to acknowledge that there are limits. Local government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the irresistible influence of the global tourism supply chain. This has led to widespread “tourist-phobia”first described by Manuel Delgado more than a decade ago as a mixture of rejection, mistrust and disrespect for tourists.顯然，旅游業(yè)為旅游目的地帶來(lái)了就業(yè)、投資和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。但是，當(dāng)旅游業(yè)的擴(kuò)張沒(méi)有意識(shí)到有限制時(shí)，就出現(xiàn)了過(guò)度旅游。迄今為止，地方政府和規(guī)劃部門無(wú)力應(yīng)對(duì)全球旅游供應(yīng)鏈的不可抗拒影響。這導(dǎo)致了廣泛的“旅游恐懼癥”曼努埃爾德?tīng)柤佣嗍嗄昵笆状螌⑵涿枋鰹榫芙^、不信任和對(duì)游客的不尊重的混合體。Dealing with overtourism must now be a priority. Managing the flow of tourists seems an improbable and unwelcome task. But some cities have taken extreme measures to limit the effects of overtourism, including the introduction of new or revised taxation arrangements, fines linked to new local laws, and “demarketing”, whereby destinations focus on attracting fewer, high-spending and low impact tourists, rather than large groups.現(xiàn)在必須優(yōu)先處理過(guò)度旅游。管理游客的流動(dòng)似乎是一項(xiàng)不可能和不受歡迎的任務(wù)。但一些城市采取了極端措施來(lái)限制過(guò)度旅游的影響，包括引入新的或修訂的稅收安排、與新的地方法律相關(guān)的罰款以及“去市場(chǎng)化”，目的地集中在吸引較少、高消費(fèi)和低影響的游客，而不是吸引大群體。Overtourism is a shared responsibility. City administrators and destination managers must acknowledge th