介詞,介詞是高考中的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，在連續(xù)兩年的廣東高考中都有兩空是專(zhuān)門(mén)考查介詞的，占語(yǔ)法填空的五分之一。該題要求“在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~”的限定，所以我們要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注簡(jiǎn)單介詞(一個(gè)單詞的介詞)，主要考點(diǎn)有：,考點(diǎn)解密,表示時(shí)間介詞有:at,in,on表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)和時(shí)間段by不遲于，到時(shí)為止after在之后before在之前since自從for表示一段時(shí)間;during在期間within在期間，不超過(guò)throughout貫穿期間over在期間，過(guò)完一段時(shí)間fromto從到until/till直到between在之間,2.表示方位的介詞有：into進(jìn)入；outof從出來(lái)；along沿著；(a)round圍饒著或在的各處；down沿而下；up沿而上；from從；off從離開(kāi)或下來(lái)；at朝著或向著；for到去；to到或向；towards向或朝著；at在某一點(diǎn)或在(某物)旁；in在某一范圍內(nèi)；on在某物的表面上；above在的上頭或高出；below在下面或低于；among在(多者)之中；between在(兩者)之間；around在周?chē)?inside在的里面；outside在的外面；before在之前；behind在的后面；over在的上方或上面；under在的下面或下方；beside/by在的旁邊；near在的附近；,beyond在的那一邊，遠(yuǎn)于，超過(guò)(某事物的范圍)；across在的對(duì)面或那一邊；against靠著；across從一邊到另一邊；by/past從某人或某物的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)；over從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)；through從某事物的里面經(jīng)過(guò)。,3.表示原因的介詞有becauseof,owingto,dueto,for,with,at(常放在表示情感變化后的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或名詞后表示原因，相當(dāng)于“聽(tīng)到或看到”)等。4.表示方式、方法或手段的介詞有by乘、坐、騎(接交通工具),靠、通過(guò)；in用(某種語(yǔ)言或材料，如墨水等)；with用(具體的工具)，和一起；through通過(guò)(實(shí)踐或書(shū)本)等。5.表示“除外”的介詞有except,besides,but,exceptfor等。,6.表示“數(shù)量”的about(大約),around(大約),over(超過(guò))等；表示“關(guān)于”的on,about等；表示“所屬”“部分與整體關(guān)系”的of；表示(增加/減少，相差，高出等的)程度的by；以及as(當(dāng)作，作為)，like(像一樣)等。7.能接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的介詞有with和without。8.短語(yǔ)中的介詞。如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)，如lookafter,carefor，congratulationson等；“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)，如catchupwith,getonwith,workhardat,dowellin等；“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”takeareof,takenoticeof等；“名詞+介詞”，如effecton等。,1.什么情況下可能是填介詞？我們首先必須知道兩點(diǎn)：(1)介詞必須要接賓語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，或者what從句；(2)名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞在句中通常作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。因此，我們?cè)诮獯鹫Z(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，且他們不是在句中作主語(yǔ)，也不是在動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)格空就很可能是填介詞。,解題技巧,2.應(yīng)該填哪個(gè)介詞？在判斷可能填介詞之后，要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定填哪個(gè)介詞，特別是根據(jù)空格所在句子的意思來(lái)選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。另外，以下幾條思路對(duì)解題非常有用：(1)由介詞短語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定。2008年廣東高考36題，“感到累了”應(yīng)當(dāng)是“干活一整天之后”，故填after。,(2)由所處句型的特殊需要來(lái)確定。如2008年廣東高考31題，這是一個(gè)therebe句型，該句型一般是表示“在某個(gè)地點(diǎn)存在某人或某物”；可見(jiàn)“_theseproverbs”應(yīng)當(dāng)是表示地點(diǎn)的；不難得知“有趣故事”應(yīng)當(dāng)是在“這些成語(yǔ)的背后”，故填behind。(3)由特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系來(lái)確定。如能接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的介詞只能是with或without。(4)考慮介詞(空格)與前面的動(dòng)詞或名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系，或者介詞(空格)與后面名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)確定具體要填的介詞。,例1ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeoplesdailylife._theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.(廣東),分析：因theseproverbs是名詞，且不是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，前面很可能是填介詞；句意是“在中國(guó)的這些成語(yǔ)故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介詞behind。,實(shí)例剖析,實(shí)例剖析,例2Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday.,分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，betiredfrom也是固定短語(yǔ)，故也可填from。,例3thevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_aguestintheirhouse.,分析：句意是“把我們作為客人接待”，表示“當(dāng)作，作為”用介詞as。,例4Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman_thetroubleIhadcausedher.,分析：句意是“我想酬謝我們給她造成了麻煩的那個(gè)年邁的婦女?！北硎尽耙蚨曛x/報(bào)答某人”，是rewardsb.forsth.，即用for引出原因，故填for。類(lèi)似的表達(dá)還有:thanksb.forsth.;praisesb.forsth.;punishsb.forsth.等。,考點(diǎn)擊破,一、單句填空：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Fredenteredwithoutknockingand,veryoutofbreath,sank_achair.(安徽)2.Ifyoureallyhavetoleaveduringthemeeting,youdbetterleave_thebackdoor.(北京)3.Agreatmanshowshisgreatness_thewayhetreatslittlemen.(福建)4.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace_herfootwoundedsomuch.(福建),into,by,by,with,5.IlikeMr.Minersspeech;itwasclearand_thepoint.(遼寧)6.Letslearntousetheproblemwearefacing_astepping-stonetofuturesuccess.(寧夏)7.ModernequipmentandnosmokingaretwoofthethingsIlike_workinghere.(全國(guó))8.Ibegantofeel_homeinthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.(山東),to,as,about,at,9.Elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccess_herwildestdreams.(陜西)10.Everythingwasperfectforthepicnicexcept_theweather.(浙江)11.Thisisajuniorschool.Youshouldgotoaseniorschool_girlsofyourage.(北京)12.Although_myopinion,theoldprofessordidntcomeupwithhisown.(福建),beyond,for,against,for,13._thesilenceofthepauses,wecouldheareachothersbreathingandcouldalmosthearourownheartbeats.(湖南)14.Scientistsareconvinced_thepositiveeffectoflaughter_physicalandmentalhealth.(江西)15.Expertshavebeenwarning_sometimeofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.(江西)16.Themanagersuggestedanearlierdate_themeeting.(全國(guó)I),In,ofon,for,for,17.Somepeoplechoosejobsforotherreasons_moneythesedays.(全國(guó)II)18.Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic_classestorefreshthemselves.(四川)19.Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecause_thebadweather.(浙江)20.Sorry,Madam.Youdbettercometomorrowbecauseits_thevisitinghours.(福建)21.Itsquite_mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.(安徽),besides,between,of,beyond,beyond,22.Itsatopsecret.Yes,Isee.Iwillkeepthesecret_youandme.(上海)23.Peoplehavealwaysbeencurious_howlivingthingsontheearthexactlybegan.(遼寧)24.Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwerecared_inthelocalhospitalsortakentothehospitalsintheneighboringcities.(江西)25.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but_theotherhandIenjoytheworkImdoingatthemoment.(浙江),between,about,for,on,26.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearefond_playingtennisnowadays.(上海)27.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor_caseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.(北京)28.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_whichtherewontbemuchwork.(上海)29.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,_whichNewYorkisanexample.(四川),of,in,without,of,30.Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_whichappearedararerainbowsoon.(福建)31.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_whentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.(山東)32.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_whichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.(江蘇),above,since,after,33.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_whichtheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(重慶),to,二、語(yǔ)篇模擬：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。FathersDayoccursonthe3rdSundayinJune.Theideaforcreatingaday1_childrentohonortheirfathersbeganinSpokane,Washington.Awoman2_thenameofSonoraSmartDoddthought3_theideaforFathersDaywhilelisteningtoaMothersDaysermon4_1909.,for,by,of,in,Havingbeenraised5_herfather,HenryJacksonSmart,afterhermotherdied,Sonorawantedherfathertoknowhowspecialhewas6_her.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas,7_theeyesof