1212008.2MechanicalEngineeringDesignNCTechnologyMcGraw-HillShigleyJE.MechanicalEngineeringDesign.1、ResearchcurrentsituationofNClatheinourtimesResearchanddevelopmentprocesstosuchvariouskindsofnewtechnologiesasnumericalcontrollathe,machiningcenter,FMS,CIMS,etc.ofcountriesallovertheworld,linkedtowiththeinternationaleconomicsituationclosely.Themachinetoolindustryhasinternationaleconomytomutuallypromoteanddevelop,enter21alerterasofWorldAffairs,thefunctionthatpeoplesknowledgeplaysismoreoutstanding,andthemachinetoolindustryisregardedasthefoundationofthemanufacturingindustryofthemachine,itskeypositionandstrategicmeaningaremoreobvious.Within1991-1994years,theeconomicrecessionoftheworld,expensiveFMS,CIMSlowersthetemperature,among1995-2000years,theinternationaleconomyincreasesatalowspeed,accordingtorequisitionforNClatheandtheworldfourmajorinternationallathesexhibitioninordertoboostproductivityofusersofvariousfieldsofpresentworldmarket(EMO,IMTS,JIMTOF,ChinaCIMTofJapanofU.S.A.ofEurope),havetheanalysisoftheexhibit,therearethefollowingseveralpointsmainlyinthetechnicalresearchofNClatheinourtimes:（1）、PaymoreattentiontonewtechnologyandinnovationWorldwide,arelaunchingthenewcraft,newmaterial,newstructure,newunit,researchanddevelopmentofthenewcomponentinamorecost-effectivemanner,developmentalresearchofforinstancenewcuttermaterial,thenewelectricmainshaftofmainshaftstructure,highspeed,high-speedstraightlineelectricalmachinery,etc.Regardinnovatinginimprovementoftheprocessingtechnologyasthefoundation,forprocessultraandharddifficulttocutmaterialandspecialcompositeandcomplicatedpart,irregularcurvedsurface,etc.researchanddevelopnewlathevarietyconstantly.（2）、ImprovetheprecisionandresearchofmachinetoolingInordertoimprovethemachiningaccuracyofthemachiningcenter,are1222008.2MechanicalEngineeringDesignimprovingrigidityofthelathe,reductionvibrationconstantly,dispelhotlyandoutofshape,reducethenoise,improvetheprecisionoflocalizationofNClathe,repeatprecision,workingdependability,stability,precisionkeeping,worldalotofcountrycarryonlathehoterror,lathesportandloadoutofshapesoftwareoferrorcompensatetechnicalresearch,takeprecisioncompensate,softwarecompensatemeasureimprove,somemaymakethiskindoferrordispel60%already.Andisdevelopingretrofitconstantly,nanometerisbeingprocessed.（3）、ImprovetheresearchofthemachinetoolingproductivityWorldNClathe,machiningcenterandcorrespondingsomedevelopmentofmainshaft,electricalmachineryofstraightline,measuringsystem,NCsystemofhighspeed,undertheprerequisiteofboostingproductivity.（4）、Whatalotofcountrieshavealreadybeguntothenumericalcontrolsystemmeltintelligently,openly,studynetworkedlyA、elligentresearchofthenumericalcontrolsystemMainlyshowinginthefollowingaspects:Itisintelligentinordertopursuetheefficiencyofprocessingandprocessquality,theself-adaptationtotheprocessingcourseiscontrolled,thecraftparameterproducesresearchautomatically；Jointheconvenientoneinordertoimprovetheperformanceofurginganduseintelligently,tothefeedbackcontrol,adaptiveoperation,discerningautomaticallyloadselectsmodelsautomatically,sincecarriesonresearchwholedefinitely,etc.oftheelectricalmachineryparameter；Therearesuchresearchoftherespectasintelligentautomaticprogramming,intelligentman-machineinterface,intelligencediagnosing,intelligentmonitoring,etc.B、ThenumericalcontrolsystemmeltsandstudiesopenMainlyshowinginthefollowingaspects:Thedevelopmentofthenumericalcontrolsystemisonunifiedoperationplatform,facethelatheproducerandsupportfinally,throughchanging,increasingorcuttingoutthestructuretarget(numericalcontroltarget),formtheseriation,andcanuseusersspeciallyconvenientlyandthetechnicalknow-howisintegratedinthecontrolsystem,realizetheopennumericalcontrolsystemofdifferentvariety,differentgradefast,formleadingbrandproductswithdistinctdistinction.Systemstructurenormoftheopennumericalcontrolsystem1232008.2MechanicalEngineeringDesignatpresent,norm,disposingthenorm,operationplatform,numericalcontrolsystematicfunctionstorehouseandnumericalcontrolsystematicfunctionsoftwaredevelopinginstrument,etc.arethecoreofpresentresearchtopassthrough.C、Meetingthemanufacturesystemoftheproductionline,demandfortheinformationintegrationofthemanufacturingcompanynetworkedlygreatlyofnumericalcontrolequipment,itisabasicunitofrealizingthenewmanufacturemodetoo.2、Classificationofthemachiningcenter（1）Processaccordingtomainshaftspacepositionwhenitclassifiestobeasfollows,horizontalandverticalmachiningcenter.Horizontalmachiningcenter,refertothemachiningcenterthattheaxislevelofthemainshaftissetup.Horizontalmachiningcenterfor3-5sportcoordinateaxis,acommononethreerectilinearmotioncoordinateaxisandoneturnthecoordinateaxisofsportsround(turntheworkingbenchround),itcanoneisitisitfinishother4Taxiprocessingbesidesinstallingsurfacesandtopsurfacestoinserttoinstallinworkpiece,mostsuitableforprocessingthecasebodyworkpiece.Comparedwithstrengthtypemachiningcenterit,thestructureiscomplicated,thefloorspaceislarge,qualityislarge,thepriceishigh.Verticalmachiningcenter,theaxisofthemainshaftoftheverticalmachiningcenter,inordertosetupvertically,itsstructureismostlytheregularposttype,theworkingbenchissuitableforprocessingpartsfortheslipperyoneofcross,have3rectilinearmotioncoordinateaxisgenerally,canfindaroomforonehorizontalnumericalcontrolrevolvingstage(the4thaxle)ofaxleprocessthespiralpartatworkingbench.Theverticalmachiningcenterisofsimplestructure,thefloorspaceissmall,thepriceislow,afterallocatingvariouskindsofenclosures,cancarryontheprocessingofmostworkpieces.Large-scalegantrymachiningcenter,themainshaftsaremostlysetupvertically,isespeciallyusedinthelarge-scaleorwithcomplicatedformworkpiece,isitspendthemanycoordinategantrymachiningcentertoneedlikeaviation,aerospaceindustry,someprocessingofpartoflarge-scalesteamturbine.Fivemachiningcenters,thiskindofmachiningcenterhasfunctionofthe1242008.2MechanicalEngineeringDesignverticalandhorizontalmachiningcenter,oneisitafterinserting,canfinishallfiveTaxiprocessingbesidesinstallingthesurfacetoinstallinworkpiece,theprocessingwaycanmakeformofworkpieceerrorlowest,save2timesinstallandinsertworking,thusimproveproductionefficiency,reducetheprocesscost.(2)ClassifybycraftuseIsitmillmachiningcentertobore,isitmillforverticaldoorframemachiningcenter,horizontaldoorframemillthemachiningcenterandLongmendoorframemillthemachiningcentertodivideinto.Processingtechnologyitsrelymainlyonthefactthatthedoorframeismilled,usedincasebody,shellandvariouskindsofcomplicatedpartspecialcurveandlargeprocesses,curvedsurfaceofoutlineprocess,suitableformanyvarietiestoproduceinbatchessmall.Complexmachiningcenter,pointfivetimesandcompoundandprocessmainly,themainshaftheadcanbeturnedroundautomatically,stand,lieandprocess,afterthemainshaftisturnedroundautomatically,realizeknowingthatvariesinthehorizontalandverticaldirection.(3)ClassifybyspecialfunctionSingleworkingbench,apairofworkingbenchmachiningcenter；Singl