虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法詳解一、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會(huì)產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式BE用WERESHOULD動(dòng)詞原形WERETO動(dòng)詞原形WOULD/SHOULD/MIGHT/COULD動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式BE用WEREWOULD/SHOULD/MIGHT/COULD動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去HAD動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞WOULD/SHOULD/MIGHT/COULDHAVE動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞1將來(lái)時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如IFHESHOULDGOTOQINGHUAUNIVERSITY,HEWOULDMAKEFULLUSEOFHISTIME如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話(huà)，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了。IFHEWERETOCOMEHERE,HEWOULDTELLUSABOUTIT如果他要來(lái)的話(huà)，他會(huì)通知我們一聲。2現(xiàn)在時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如IFHEWEREFREE,HEWOULDHELPUS要是他有空的話(huà)，它會(huì)幫助我們的。IFHESTUDIEDATTHISSCHOOL,HEWOULDKNOWYOUWELL如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà)，它會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。3過(guò)去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如IFIHADSEENTHEFILM,IWOULDHAVETOLDYOUABOUTIT我如果看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影，我會(huì)把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。IFIHADGOTTHEREEARLIER,IWOULDHAVEMETMRLI如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)會(huì)到了李先生。3運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，須注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是系動(dòng)詞BE時(shí)，可用WAS代替WERE。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及IFIWEREYOU,ASITWERE中，只能用WERE。如WEREITENYEARSYOUNGER,IWOULDSTUDYABROAD要是我還年輕十歲的話(huà)，我會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。IFIWEREYOU,IWOULDTRYMYBESTTOGRASPTHECHANCE要是我是你的話(huà)，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。2有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對(duì)待。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如IFIHADWORKEDHARDATSCHOOL,IWOULDBEANENGINEER,TOO如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話(huà)，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了IFTHEYHADINFORMEDUS,WEWOULDNOTCOMEHERENOW如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話(huà)，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如IFHEWEREFREETODAY,WEWOULDHAVESENTHIMTOBEIJING如果他今天有空的話(huà)，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了IFHEKNEWHER,HEWOULDHAVEGREETEDHER要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話(huà)，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如IFITHADNOTBEENRAININGTOOMUCH,THECROPSWOULDBEGROWINGMUCHBETTER如果天不下太多的雨的話(huà)，莊家會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。IFHEHADBEENWORKINGHARD,HEWOULDBEWORKINGINTHEOFFICENOW要是他工作一直努力的話(huà)，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。3當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有WERE,SHOULD,HAD時(shí)，IF可省略，而將WERE,SHOULD,HAD等詞置于句首。WERESHEHERE,SHEWOULDAGREEWITHUS如果她在這兒的話(huà)，她會(huì)同意我們的。HADHELEARNTABOUTCOMPUTERS,WEWOULDHAVEHIREDHIMTOWORKHERE如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話(huà)，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了4有時(shí)，句子沒(méi)有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過(guò)上下文或其他方式來(lái)判斷。如IWOULDHAVECOMETOSEEYOU,BUTIWASTOOBUSY我本該來(lái)看你了，然而我太忙了。BUTFORHISHELP,WEWOULDBEWORKINGNOW要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。5有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句HEWOULDHAVEFINISHEDIT他本該完成了。YOUCOULDHAVEPASSEDTHISEXAM你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。省略主句IFIWEREATHOMENOW要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。IFONLYIHADGOTIT要是我得到它了該多好啊。二、其他狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1在FORFEARTHAT,INCASE,LEST引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形。并且SHOULD不能省略SHEEXAMINEDTHEDOORAGAINFORFEARTHATATHIEFSHOULDCOMEIN她又把門(mén)檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。HESTARTEDOUTEARLIERLESTHESHOULDBELATE他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。2在SOTHAT,INORDERTHAT所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為CAN/MAY/COULD/MIGHT/WILL/WOULD/SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形。HEGOESCLOSERTOTHESPEAKERSOTHATHECANHEARHIMCLEARER他走近說(shuō)話(huà)的人以便能挺得更清楚。HEREADTHELETTERCAREFULLYINORDERTHATHESHOULDNOTMISSAWORD他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。2讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1在EVENIF,EVENTHOUGH所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與IF所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如EVENIFHEWEREHEREHIMSELF,HESHOULDNOTKNOWWHATTODO即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。NOBODYCOULDSAVEHIMEVENTHOUGHHUATUOSHOULDCOMEHERE即使華佗在世也救不了他。2在WHATEVER，WHICHEVER，WHENEVER，WHOEVER,WHEREVER，HOWEVER,NOMATTERWHWORD等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為MAY動(dòng)詞原形指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如WEWILLFINISHITONTIMENOMATTERWHAT/WHATEVERMAYHAPPEN不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。WEWILLFINDHIMWHEREVER/NOMATTERWHEREHEMAYBE無(wú)論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。IWILLWAITFORHIMNOMATTERHOWLATEHEMAYCOME不管他來(lái)的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。MAY完成式指過(guò)去，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如YOUMUSTNTBEPROUDWHATEVER/NOMATTERWHATGREATPROGRESSYOUMAYHAVEMADE不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲WEMUSTRESPECTHIMNOMATTERWHAT/WHATEVERMISTAKESHEMAYHAVEMADE不管他翻過(guò)什么錯(cuò)誤，我們必須尊敬他。3在THOUGH,ALTHOUGH等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。ALTHOUGH/THOUGHHESHOULDOFTENBELATE,HEISAGOODSTUDENT盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個(gè)好學(xué)生。ALTHOUGH/THOUGHHESHOULDBESECRETARY,HEMUSTOBEYTHERULES盡管他是書(shū)記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣ASIF,ASTHOUGH引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前HAD過(guò)去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí)BE用WERE發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后WOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULD原形動(dòng)詞THEYBEGANTOTALKWARMLYASIFTHEYHADKNOWNEACHOTHERFORLONG他們開(kāi)始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋?lái)就好像他們已相互認(rèn)識(shí)很久了。HECOUGHEDTWICEASIFSOMEONESHOULDCOME他咳嗽?xún)陕暰秃孟裼腥艘獊?lái)了。4原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣AMAZED,ANGRY,ANNOYED,ASTONISHED,DISAPPOINTED,FRIGHTENED,HAPPY,PLEASED,PROUD,SORRY,SURPRISED,UPSET等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為SHOULD原形動(dòng)詞指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如HEWASANGRYTHATYOUSHOULDCALLHIMBYNAME他很生氣，你竟然對(duì)他直呼其名。IWASASTONISHEDTHATHESHOULDNOTANSWERSUCHANEASYQUESTION我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。SHOULD完成式,指過(guò)去。如IMVERYSORRYTHATYOUSHOULDHAVEFAILEDTHEEXAM我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。IWASVERYSURPRISEDTHATFATHERSHOULDHAVEKNOWNWHATIDIDYESTERDAY我很吃驚父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨天所作的事情三、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1英語(yǔ)中，如ADVISE,ASK,DEMAND,DESIRE,DECIDE,INSIST堅(jiān)決要求,ORDER,PROPOSE,REQUEST,SUGGEST建議表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為SHOULD原形動(dòng)詞。如THETEACHERADVISEDTHATWESHOULDMAKEGOODUSEOFEVERYMINUTEHERE老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。但是，當(dāng)INSIST的意思為堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；SUGGEST的意思為表明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如TOMINSISTEDTHATHEHADNTSTOLENTHEWATCH湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。HISSMILESUGGESTEDTHATHEHADSUCCEEDEDINTHISEXAM他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2BELIEVE,EXPECT,SUSPECT,THINK,IMAGINE等動(dòng)詞的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為SHOULD原形動(dòng)詞。如CANYOUIMAGINETHATHESHOULDTAKETHEFIRSTPLACEINTHELONGJUMPCONTEST你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名3英語(yǔ)中，WISH之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前1HAD過(guò)去分詞；2WOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULDHAVE過(guò)去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí)BE用WERE發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后WOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULD原形動(dòng)詞IWISHILEARNTENGLISHWELL我希望我已學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)。IWISHIHADBEENTHEREWITHTHEMLASTWEEK我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。HEWISHESWECOULDGOANDPLAYGAMESWITHHIM他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4英語(yǔ)中，WOULDRATHER,HADRATHER,WOULDSOONER等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去HAD過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)BE用WERE將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)BE用WEREIDRATHERYOUHADSEENTHEFILMYESTERDAY我倒想你昨天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影。IDRATHERYOUWEREHERENOW我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。WEDRATHERYOUWENTHERETOMORROW我么倒想你明天去那兒。四、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)其的結(jié)構(gòu)為SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。1ITISADMIRABLE/DREADFUL/EXTRAORDINARY/ODD/REMARKABLE/SAD/ADVISABLE/ANNOYING/DISAPPOINTING/SURPRISING/UPSETTING/FRIGHTENING/BETTER/BEST/CURIOUS/DESIRABLE/IMPORTANT/STRANGE/PECULIAR/PROPER/NECESSARY/NATURALTHAT2ITISAPITY/ASHAME/NOWONDERTHAT3ITISSUGGESTED/REQUESTED/DESIRED/PROPOSED/THAT4ITWORRIESMETHATITISIMPORTANTTHATWESHOULDDOWELLINOURLESSONSFIRST我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。ITISSTRANGETHATHESHOULDNOTCOME很奇怪，他竟沒(méi)有來(lái)。ITISAPITYTHATWESHOULDNOTMEETLASTNIGHT真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。ITWORRIESMETHATWESHOULDBEBLAMEDFORTHAT我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等名詞ADVICE,DESIRE,DECISION,IDEA,INSTRUCTION,ORDER,PLAN,PROPOSAL,RECOMMENDATION,REQUEST,REQUIREMENT,SUGGESTION,WISH充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)而后面接表語(yǔ)從句或它們后面接同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從表面上看幾屗及同位語(yǔ)從句都須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形。WEFOLLOWEDHISADVICETHATWESHOULDASKOURTEACHERFORHELP我們接受了他的建議我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師的幫助HETOLDUSHISIDEATHATHESHOULDGOTOUNIVERSITY他告訴了我們他的想法他想上大學(xué)。HISSUGGESTIONISTHATWESHOULDDOOURWORKMORECAREFULLY他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。THEIRPLANISTHATTHEYSHOULDBUILDANEWFACTORYINTHEIRHOMETOWN他們的計(jì)劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。六、定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為ITISHIGH/ABOUTTIMETHAT主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式/SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形。如ITISTIMETHATIWENTTOPICKUPMYDAUGHTERATSCHOOL我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。ITISHIGHTIMEYOUSHOULDGOTOWORK你早該上班了。7簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語(yǔ)常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為WOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULD原形動(dòng)詞。如WOULDYOUMINDMYSHUTTINGTHEDOOR我把門(mén)關(guān)起來(lái)你介意嗎YOUSHOULDALWAYSLEARNTHISLESSONBYHEART你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。ISHOULDAGREEWITHYOU我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。2表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用“MAY主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他”。如MAYYOUHAVEAGOODJOURNEY祝你一路順風(fēng)。MAYYOURYOUTHLASTFOREVER祝你青春永駐。3表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞原形。如LONGLIVETHECOMMUNISTPARTYOFCHINA中國(guó)萬(wàn)歲。GODBLESSUS上帝保佑。4習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如WOULDYOULIKETOHAVEATALKWITHUSTHISEVENING今天晚上來(lái)跟我們聊天好嗎COULDIUSEYOURBIKENOW我可以用一下你的單車(chē)嗎2陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如ISHOULDGLADTOMEETYOU見(jiàn)到你我會(huì)很高興。IWOULDTRYMYBESTTOHELPYOU我會(huì)盡力幫助你。3提出勸告或建議。如YOUDBETTERASKYOURFATHERFIRST你最好先問(wèn)一問(wèn)你的父親。YOUSHOULDMAKEAFULLINVESTIGATIONOFITFIRST你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。4提出問(wèn)題。如DOYOUTHINKHECOULDGETHEREONTIME你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來(lái)嗎DOYOUEXPECTHEWOULDTELLUSTHETRUTH你期望他會(huì)告訴我們真相嗎5表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞HAVE過(guò)去分詞”。如YOUSHOULDHAVEGOTHEREEARLIER你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。YOUSHOULDHAVERETURNEDITTOHIM你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。1SORRY,PROFESSORSMITHIDIDNTFINISHTHEASSIGNMENTYESTERDAYOH,YOUHAVEDONEITASYESTERDAYWASTHEDEADLINEAMUSTBMUSTNTCSHOULDDSHOULDNT2BOBWOULDHAVEHELPEDUSYESTERDAY,BUTHE_AWASBUSYBISBUSYCHADBEENBUSYDWILLBEBUSY3IFHEMYADVICE,HEWOULDNTHAVELOSTHISJOBAFOLLOWEDBSHOULDFOLLOWCHADFOLLOWEDDWOULDFOLLOW4JOHNWENTTOTHEHOSPITALALONEIFHEMEABOUTIT,IWOULDHAVEGONEWITHHIMASHOULDTELLBTELLSCTOLDDHADTOLD5GEORGEISGOINGTOTALKABOUTTHEGEOGRAPHYOFHISCOUNTRY,BUTIDRATHERHE_MOREONITSCULTUREAFOCUSBFOCUSEDCWOULDFOCUSDHADFOCUSED6IFWE_THEOTHERROAD,WEMIGHTHAVEARRIVEDHEREINTIMEFORTHEMEETINGATAKEBHADTAKENCTOOKDHAVETAKEN7MRJOHNSONINSISTEDTHATTHEPROBLEMWORTHYOFATTENTION_討論ATTHEMEETINGDISCUSS8THEWEATHERHASBEENVERYHOTANDDRYYESIFITHADRAINEDEVENADROP,THINGSWOULDBEMUCHBETTERNOWANDMYVEGETABLESAWOULDNTDIEBDIDNTDIECHADNTDIEDDWOULDNTHAVEDIED9HADIKNOWNABOUTTHISCOMPUTERPROGRAM,AHUGEAMOUNTOFTIMEANDENERGYAWOULDHAVEBEENSAVEDBHADBEENSAVEDCWILLBESAVEDDWASSAVED10SOMEPEOPLEWHODONTLIKETOTALKMUCHARENOTNECESSARILYSHY；THEYJUSTBEQUIETPEOPLEAMUSTBMAYCSHOULDDWOULD11ONEOFTHEFEWTHINGSYOU_SAYABOUTENGLISHPEOPLEWITHCERTAINTYISTHATTHEYTALKALOTABOUTTHEWEATHERANEEDBMUSTCSHOULDDCAN12BUTFORTHEHELPOFMYENGLISHTEACHER,ITHEFIRSTPRIZEINTHEENGLISHWRITINGCOMPETITIONAWOULDNOTWINBWOULDNOTHAVEWONCWOULDWINDWOULDHAVEWON13ITSTHEOFFICESOYOUKNOWEATINGISNOTALLOWEDHEREOH,SORRYAMUSTBWILLCMAYDNEED14WHATDOYOUMEAN,THEREAREONLYTENTICKETSTHEREBETWELVEASHOULDBWOULDCWILLDSHALL15IT_HAVEBEENTOMTHATPARKEDTHECARHERE,ASHEISTHEONLYONEWITHACARAMAYBCANCMUSTDSHOULD16IDONTCAREWHATPEOPLETHINKWELL,YOU_ACOULDBWOULDCSHOULDDMIGHT17THISPRINTERISOFGOODQUALITYIFIT_BREAKDOWNWITHINTHEFIRSTYEAR,WEWOULDREPAIRITATOUREXPENSEAWOULDBSHOULDCCOULDDMIGHT18HI,TOMANYIDEAWHEREJANEISSHE_INTHECLASSROOMISAWHERTHEREJUSTNOWASHALLBEBSHOULDHAVEBEENCMUSTBEDMIGHTHAVEBEEN19ICANTLEAVESHETOLDMETHATISTAYHEREUNTILSHECOMESBACKACANBMUSTCWILLDMAY20HEDIDNOTREGRETSAYINGWHATHEDIDBUTFELTTHATHEITDIFFERENTLYACOULDEXPRESSBWOULDEXPRESSCCOULDHAVEEXPRESSEDDMUSTHAVEEXPRESSED21LIZAWELLNOTWANTTOGOONTHETRIPSHEHATESTRAVELINGAWILLBCANCMUSTDMAY22JOHNPROMISEDHISDOCTORHENOTSMOKE，ANDHEHASNEVERSMOKEDEVERSINCEAMIGHTBSHOULDCCOULDDWOULD23SHEHAVELEFTSCHOOL，F(xiàn)ORHERBIKEISSTILLHEREACANTBWOULDNTCSHOULDNTDNEEDNT24WHATAPITYCONSIDERINGHISABILITYANDEXPERIENCE，HEBETTERANEEDHAVEDONEBMUSTHAVEDONECCANHAVEDONEDMIGHTHAVEDONE25YOUDONTHAVETOKNOWTHENAMEOFTHEAUTHORTOFINDABOOKYOUFINDTHEBOOKBYTHETITLEAMUSTBNEEDCCANDWOULD26WHATSORTOFHOUSEDOYOUWANTTOHAVESOMETHINGBIGWELL，ITBEBIGTHATSNOTIMPORTANTAMUSTNTBNEEDNTCCANTDWONT27ALTHOUGHTHISSOUNDLIKEASIMPLETASK，GREATCAREISNEEDEDAMUSTBMAYCSHALLDSHOULD28ICANTFINDMYPURSEANYWHEREYOUHAVELOSTITWHILESHOPPINGAMAYBCANCSHOULDDWOULD29YOUBEHUNGRYALREADYYOUHADLUNCHONLYTWOHOURSAGOAWOULDNTBCANTCMUSTNTDNEEDNT30ITISUSUALLYWARMINMYHOMETOWNINMARCH，BUTITBERATHERCOLDSOMETIMESAMUSTBCANCSHOULDDWOULD31PETERBEREALLYDIFFICULTATTIMESEVENTHOUGHHESANICEPERSONINGENERALASHALLBSHOULDCCANDMUST32IMSORRYIATYOUTHEOTHERDAYFORGETITIWASABITOUTOFCONTROLMYSELFASHOULDNTSHOUTBSHOULDNTHAVESHOUTEDCMUSTNTSHOUTDMUSTNTHAVESHOUTEDSHOULDNTHAVEDONESTH本不應(yīng)該做某事但已經(jīng)做了。33THANKYOUFORALLYOURHARDWORKLASTWEEKIDONTTHINKWEITWITHOUTYOUACANMANAGEBCOULDHAVEMANAGEDCCOULDMANAGEDCANHAVEMANAGED1答案C解析此處表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該用SHOULDHAVE過(guò)去分詞。本來(lái)應(yīng)該做，而未做2答案A解析前句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，而B(niǎo)UT之后表示過(guò)去的客觀事實(shí)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。3答案C解析根據(jù)“WOULDNTHAVELOST”可判斷IF引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬4答案D句意約翰獨(dú)自去了醫(yī)院。如果他告訴我的話(huà)，我會(huì)跟他一起去的。解析前一句是陳述語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)明動(dòng)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且后一句的主句已經(jīng)是WOULDHAVEGONE說(shuō)明是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與之對(duì)應(yīng)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該用HAD過(guò)去分詞。5答案選B解析WOULDRATHER后應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式6答案B解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。所填詞做虛擬語(yǔ)氣中條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式MIGHTHAVEARRIVED可知題干是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故所填部分用HAD過(guò)去分詞形式，7答案SHOULDBEDISCUSSED解析“INSIST”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬，從句結(jié)構(gòu)是“SHOULD”（可省略）加動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)“PROBLEM”是要“被討論”。8答案D考點(diǎn)本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣中對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。解析第二個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)人的IF條件句是我們選擇正確答案的關(guān)鍵。要是當(dāng)時(shí)下雨了，現(xiàn)在的情況就好的多了我的蔬菜也就不會(huì)死了。過(guò)去沒(méi)有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是發(fā)生在過(guò)去。而將句子還原則為IFITHADRAINEDEVENADROP,MYVEGETABLESWOULDNTHAVEDIEDIFHADDONE,主句為COULDNT/SHOULDNT/WOULDNTHAVEDONE9答案A解析根據(jù)句子的倒裝特征判斷此處是省略了IF的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，原形是IFIHADKNOWNABOUTTHISCOMPUTERPROGRAM,AHUGEAMOUNTOFTIMEANDENERGY故選擇A。句意為如果我早知道這個(gè)電腦程序，就可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間和精力了。10答案B11答案B12答案B解析此處虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHTHAVEDONE結(jié)構(gòu)13答案A解析句意為這是辦公室因此你必須知道吃的不允許帶到這里。MUST表示“絕不”的意思。14答案A解析你這是什么意思，只有十張票嗎應(yīng)該有十二人。SHOULD表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”。15答案C16答案C解析答話(huà)的人提了一個(gè)建議你應(yīng)該關(guān)注別人對(duì)你的評(píng)價(jià)的。SHOULD可以用來(lái)向別人提建議17答案C解析答話(huà)的人提了一個(gè)建議你應(yīng)該關(guān)注別人對(duì)你的評(píng)價(jià)的。SHOULD可以用來(lái)向別人提建議18答案C19答案B20答案C21答案D解析句意為L(zhǎng)IZA極有可能不想去旅行她討厭旅行。MAYWELL很可能，極有可能，表示猜測(cè)。當(dāng)表示猜測(cè)時(shí)，WILL和CAN不能與WELL連用，MUST只能用于肯定句中。22答案D解析句意為約翰答應(yīng)醫(yī)生他不再吸煙，從那以后，他再也沒(méi)有吸過(guò)煙。由句意可知空格處表示允諾。23答案A解析句意為她不可能離開(kāi)了學(xué)校，因?yàn)樗淖孕熊?chē)仍然在這兒。CANT表示不可能；WOULDNTHAVEDONE表虛擬；SHOULDNTHAVEDONE本不該做卻已做了）；NEEDNTHAVEDONE本沒(méi)必要做但已做了）。24答案D解析句意為太遺憾了鑒于他的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他本可能做得更好。NEEDHAVEDONE本來(lái)有必要做（而沒(méi)做）；MUSTHAVEDONE是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的肯定的推測(cè)，表示“過(guò)去一定做了”；CANHAVEDONE是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的不肯定的推測(cè)；MIGHTHAVEDONE表示“本來(lái)可以”。25答案C解析句意為要找到一本書(shū)你不一定非要知道作者的名字。你可以根據(jù)書(shū)的標(biāo)題找到這本書(shū)。CAN表示“可以，能夠”。26答案B解析句意為“你想要什么樣的房子要大的嗎”“噢，它不需要很大，那不重要?！庇蒚HATSNOTIMPORTANT這一語(yǔ)境可知，空格處應(yīng)表示“不需要”，故須用NEEDNT。27答案B解析盡管這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能像一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，但是需要非常仔細(xì)。MUST一定，必須；MAY可能，可以；SHALL將要；SHOULD應(yīng)該。各自表達(dá)的意義不同，選MAY最妥當(dāng)。28答案A解析MAY表達(dá)推測(cè)之意，意為“可能”。29答案B解析句意為你不可能餓了，你兩個(gè)小時(shí)之前才吃的午飯CANT指不可能；MUSTNT表猜測(cè)時(shí)，不能用于否定句；NEEDNT指沒(méi)有必要。30答案B解析MUST必然，一定；CAN可能；SHOULD應(yīng)該；WOULD（過(guò)去）將，總會(huì)。本題提供的語(yǔ)境是“有時(shí)可能會(huì)”。31答案C解析句意為雖然彼得總體上來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)好人，但有時(shí)真的難以相處。CAN在這里不表示主觀的推測(cè)，而表示客觀的可能性。32答案B解析句意為“對(duì)不起，幾天前我本不應(yīng)該朝你大喊大叫的?！薄安灰旁谛纳稀Ｎ易约河悬c(diǎn)情緒失控?！?3答案B解析COULDHAVEDONE本能夠做某事（但沒(méi)做）。五年高考1IFONLYHE_QUIETLYASTHEDOCTORINSTRUCTED,HEWOULDNOTSUFFERSOMUCHNOWALIESBLAYCHADLAINDSHOULDLIE2HOWIWISHEVERYFAMILY_ALARGEHOUSEWITHABEAUTIFULGARDENAHASBHADCWILLHAVEDHADHAD3YOUDIDNOTLETMEDRIVEIFWE_INTURN,YOU_SOTIREDADROVEDIDNTGETBDROVEWOULDNTGETCWEREDRIVINGWOULDNTGETDHADDRIVENWOULDNTHAVEGOT4_ITRAINTOMORROW,WEWOULDHAVETOPUTOFFTHEVISITTOTHEYANGPUBRIDGEAWEREBSHOULDCWOULDDWILL5ISUGGESTEDTHEPERSON_TOBEPUTINTOPRISONAREFERSBREFERRINGCREFERREDDREFER6WHENAPENCILISPARTLYINAGLASSOFWATER,ITLOOKSASIFIT_ABREAKSBHASBROKENCWEREBROKENDHADBEENBROKEN7IINSISTED_TOSEEADOCTOR,BUTHEINSISTEDNOTHING_WRONGWITHHIMAONHIMTOGOSHOULDBEBHEWENTBECHEGOWASDHESHOULDTOIS8YOURAUNTINVITESYOUTOTHEMOVIESTODAYIHADRATHERSHE_METOMORROWTHANTODAYATELLSBTOLDCWOULDTELLDHADTOLD名題精練9WOULDYOUHAVECALLEDHERUPHADITBEENPOSSIBLEYES,BUTI_BUSYDOINGMYHOMEWORKAWASBWERECHADBEENDWOULDBE10IWASILLTHATDAY,OTHERWISEI_THESPORTSMEETAWOULDHAVETAKENPARTINBTOOKPARTINCHADTAKENPARTINDWOULDTAKEPARTIN11_THECLOUDS,YOUWOULDFINDTHEAIRPLANEINTHESKYEASILYAHADITNOTBEENFORBIFITWERENOTCIFITHADNOTBEENFORDWEREITNOTFOR12IFMYLAWYER_HERELASTSUNDAY,HE_MEFROMGOINGAHADBEEN,WOULDHAVEPREVENTEDBHADBEEN,WOULDPREVENTCWERE,PREVENTDWERE,WOULDHAVEPREVENTED13_HARD,HEWOULDHAVEPASSEDTHEEXAMAIFHEWERETOWORKBHADHEWORKEDCSHOULDHEWORKDWEREHETOWORK14_TODAY,HEWOULDGETTHEREBYFRIDAYAWEREHETOLEAVEBIFHEHADLEFTCDIDHETOLEAVEDHADHELEFT15HADYOULISTENEDTOTHEDOCTOR,YOU_ALLRIGHTNOWAAREBWERECWOULDBEDWOULDHAVEBEEN16IDIDNOTSEEYOURSISTERATTHEMEETINGIFSHE_,SHEWOULDHAVEMETMYBROTHERAHASCOMEBDIDCOMECCOMEDHADCOME17HE_BUSYYESTERDAY,ORHE_YOUWITHYOUREXPERIMENTAWAS,HADHELPEDBWAS,WOULDHAVEHELPEDCHADBEEN,WOULDHAVEHELPEDDWERE,WOULDHAVEHELPED18IFIT_FORTHESNOW,WE_THEMOUNTAINYESTERDAYAWERENOT,COULDHAVECLIMBBWERENOT,COULDCLIMBCHADNOTBEEN,COULDHAVECLIMBEDDHADNTBEEN,COULDCLIMB19WITHOUTELECTRICITY,HUMANLIFE_QUITEDIFFICULTTODAYAISBWILLBECWOULDHAVEBEENDWOULDBE20IAMGOINGTOTELLHERTHENEWSIWOULDASSOONYOU_HERABOUTITADIDNTTELLBDONTTELLCHADNTTELLDWONTTELL21MIKESFATHER,ASWELLASHISMOTHER,INSISTEDHE_HOMEASTAYEDBCOULDSTAYCHASSTAYEDDSTAY22ITWASREQUESTEDTHATTHEPLAY_AGAINASHOULDPUTONBWOULDPUTONCBEPUTONDPUTON23SHEINSISTEDTHATADOCTOR_IMMEDIATELYAHADSENTFORBSENDCBESENTFORDWASSENT24DIDYOUSCOLDHIMFORHISCARELESSNESSYES,BUT_ITAIDRATHERNOTDOBIDRATHERNOTHAVEDONECISHOULDTDODIDBETTERNOTDO25IFONLYI_MYCARAHADNTLOSTBWOULDNTLOSECDIDNTLOSEDHAVENTLOST26BUTFORWATER,IT_IMPOSSIBLETOLIVEINTHEEARTHAISBWOULDCWEREDWOULDNTBE27IWOULDRATHERYOU_ANYTHINGABOUTITFORTHETIMEBEINGADOBDIDNTDOCDONTDDIDNT28THEKINDHEARTEDCOUPLETREATTHEORPHANVERYWELLASTHOUGHHE_THEIROWNSONAISBWERECHADBEENDSHOULDBE29HOWTHEOLDPEOPLEWISHTHATTHEY_YOUNGONCEMOREAWEREBCOULDBECOMECHADBEENDSHOULDBE30ITISHIGHTIMETHATWE_AMEETINGTODISCUSSTHISPROBLEMAHOLDBHELDCHAVEHELDDHADHELD31THETHIEFCLOSEDHISEYES_HE_DYINGAEVENIF,WASBTHOUGH,WOULDBECEVEN,HADBEENDASIF,WERE32IWISHTHATYOU_SUCHABADHEADACHEBECAUSEIAMSURETHATYOUWOULDHAVEENJOYEDTHECONCERTAHADNOTBDIDNOTHAVEHADCHADNTHADDHADNTHAVE33THECHAIRMANINSISTEDTHATWE_THEQUESTIONAGAINAWILLDISCUSSBTODISCUSSCSHOULDDISCUSSDWILLBEDISCUSSED34HEREQUESTEDTHATTHESTUDENTS_THEMGETINCROPSAHELPBTOHELPCHELPEDDHELPING35THEGUARDATTHEGATEINSISTEDTHATEVERYBODY_THERULESAOBEYSBOBEYCWILLOBEYDWOULDOBEY36IWISHI_HERETHENAWASBHADBEENCWEREDWOULDBE37ITISSTRANGETHATHE_BACKSOEARLYACAMEBWILLCOMECHADCOMEDSHOULDHAVECOME38MOTHERSUGGESTEDTHATI_MYHOMEWORKFIRSTBEFOREWATCHINGTVADIDBDOCSHALLDODHAVEDONE39MYSUGGESTIONISTHATTHEMEETING_OFFTILLNESTSUNDAYABEPUTBPUTCSHOULDPUTDHADBEENPUT40HEISTALKINGSOMUCHABOUTAMERICAASIFHE_THEREAHADBEENBHASBEENCWASDBEEN41THETEACHERDEMANDEDTHATTHEEXAM_BEFOREELEVENAMUSTFINISHBWOULDBEFINISHEDCBEFINISHEDDMUSTBEFINISHED42SORRY,JOEIDIDNOTMEANTODONTCALLME“JOE”,IAMMRPARKERTOYOU,AND_YOUFORGETITADOBDIDNTCDIDDDONT43IDIDNOTATTENDTHELECTUREBYPROJACKSONI_BUTI_ALLTHISMORNINGAWOULD,HAVEWASHEDBCOULD,HAVEBEENWASHINGCWOULDHAVE,HAVEBEENWASHINGDCOULDHAVE,HADWASHING44HOWIWISHI_TOREPAIRTHEWATCHIONLYMADEITWORSEAHADTRIEDBHADNTTRIEDCHAVETRIEDDDIDNTTRY45HOWCOULDITHANKYOUENOUGHDONTMENTIONITANYOTHERMAN_ITAMUSTDOBCOULDDOCWOULDHAVEDONEDSHOULDHAVEDONE46KEYEUROPEANGOVERNMENTSINSISTIRAQSCOOPERATION_GOODANDMILITARYACTION_TOALLOWINSPECTIONSTOCONTINUEABE,BEDELAYEDBIS,DELAYCSHOULDBE,BEDELAYEDDIS,BEDELAYED47IFTHEHURRICANEHADHAPPENEDDURINGTHEDAYTIME,_MOREDEATHSAITWOULDHAVEBEENBITWOULDBECTHEREWOULDBEDTHEREWOULDHAVEBEEN48WHATTHECUSTOMERS_FROMTHECOMPANYISTHATTHEGOODS_RIGHTTOTHEIRHOMESAREQUESTED,DELIVERBDEMAND,BEDELIVEREDCREQUEST,SHOULDDELIVERDDEMAND,DELIVERED49IFLAWBREAKERS_THESOCIETYWILLBEINDISORDERAMADEUNPUNISHEDBCAMEUNPUNISHEDCWENTUNPUNISHEDDNOTPUNISHED50WETOOKATAXITOTHEAIRPORTOTHERWISEWE_LATEAWOULDBEBWERECWILLBEDWOULDHAVEBEEN51SUPPOSINGHENEVER_,WHATWOULDHAPPENTHENACOMEBCAMECWOULDCOMEDWILLCOME52WHATDOYOUTHINKHISPROPOSALTHATWE_APLAYATTHEENGLISHMEETINGAHADPUTONBSHOULDPUTONCHAVEPUTONDWILLPUTON53IHOPETHATYOU_RIGHTAWILLBEBSHOULDBECWEREDWOULDBE54ASYOUKNOW,IAMADISABLEDMAN,BUTIWOULDBEHAPPYIFI_OFSERVICETOYOUAAMBHAVEBEENCSHOULDBEDWOULDBE55HEINSISTEDTHATWE_EARLYTHENEXTMORNINGASTARTBSTARTEDCWOULDSTARTDHADSTARTED56IDIDNOTSEEYOURSISTERATTHEMEETINGIFSHE_,SHEWOULDHAVEMETMYBROTHERAHASCOMEBDIDCOMECHADCOMEDCAME57WE_LASTNIGHT,BUTWEWENTTOTHECINEMAINSTEADAMUSTHAVESTUDIEDBMIGHTSTUDYCWOULDSTUDYDWOULDHAVESTUDIED58IFIT_THESNOW,WE_THESIMIANMOUNTAINLASTWEEKAWERENOT,COULDHAVECLIMBEDBWERENOT,COULDCLIMBCHADNOTBEEN,COULDHAVECLIMBEDDHADNOTBEEN,COULDCLIMB59WITHOUTELECTRICITYHUMANLIFE_QUITEDIFFERENTTODAYAIS