湖南機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書課題名稱基于51單片機(jī)的愛心彩燈設(shè)計(jì)與制作專業(yè)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)學(xué)生班級(jí)機(jī)電1309學(xué)生姓名同組學(xué)生指導(dǎo)教師目錄1引言2設(shè)計(jì)原理21MCS5122LED23中斷指令24硬件接原理圖3程序流程圖31主流程圖32流水燈子流程圖33中斷程序流程圖4匯編程序41主程序42一秒鐘定時(shí)程序5小結(jié)參考文獻(xiàn)11引言隨著人們生活環(huán)境的不斷改善和美化，在許多場(chǎng)合可以看到彩色霓虹燈。LED彩燈由于其豐富的燈光色彩，低廉的造價(jià)以及控制簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn)而得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，用彩燈來裝飾已經(jīng)成為一種時(shí)尚。但目前市場(chǎng)上各式樣的LED彩燈控制器大多數(shù)用全硬件電路實(shí)現(xiàn)，電路結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、功能單一，這樣一旦制作成品只能按照固定的模式閃亮，不能根據(jù)不同場(chǎng)合、不同時(shí)間段的需要來調(diào)節(jié)亮燈時(shí)間、模式、閃爍頻率等動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)。這種彩燈控制器結(jié)構(gòu)往往有芯片過多、電路復(fù)雜、功率損耗大等缺點(diǎn)。此外從功能效果上看，亮燈模式少而且樣式單調(diào)，缺乏用戶可操作性，影響亮燈效果。因此有必要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的彩燈控制器進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。課程設(shè)計(jì)是學(xué)完一門課后應(yīng)用本課知識(shí)及以前的知識(shí)積累而進(jìn)行的綜合性、開放性的訓(xùn)練，是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生工程意識(shí)和創(chuàng)新能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。進(jìn)一步鞏固和加深“單片機(jī)”課程的基本知識(shí)，了解單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)在實(shí)際中的應(yīng)用。綜合運(yùn)用“單片機(jī)”課程和先修課程的理論及生產(chǎn)實(shí)際知識(shí)去分析和解決電路設(shè)計(jì)問題，進(jìn)行單片機(jī)電路設(shè)計(jì)的訓(xùn)練。學(xué)習(xí)單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)電路的一般方法，了解和掌握單片機(jī)電路的設(shè)計(jì)過程和進(jìn)行方式，培養(yǎng)正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想和分析問題、解決問題的能力，特別是總體電路設(shè)計(jì)能力。通過計(jì)算和繪圖，學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和查閱有關(guān)技術(shù)資料等，培養(yǎng)單片機(jī)電路設(shè)計(jì)的基本技能。該程序示例了單片機(jī)鍵盤控制P1口流水燈花樣的方法具體表現(xiàn)為P32323435四個(gè)小本文提出了一種基于AT89S51單片機(jī)的彩燈控制方案，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)LED彩燈的控制。按鍵，分別實(shí)現(xiàn)了四個(gè)控制。通過這次實(shí)驗(yàn)，我們也了解了團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性，集體的力量是偉大的，一個(gè)人如何融入一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)是是一個(gè)重要問題，講究合作才能取得最后的成功2設(shè)計(jì)原理21MCS51單片機(jī)引腳說明MCS單片機(jī)都采用40引腳的雙列直插封裝方式。圖29為引腳排列圖，40條引腳說明如下1、主電源引腳VSS和VCCVSS接地VCC正常操作時(shí)為5伏電源2、外接晶振引腳XTAL1和XTAL2XTAL1內(nèi)部振蕩電路反相放大器的輸入端，是外接晶體的一個(gè)引腳。當(dāng)采用外部振蕩器時(shí)，此引腳接地。XTAL2內(nèi)部振蕩電路反相放大器的輸出端。是外接晶體的另一端。當(dāng)采用外部振蕩器時(shí)，此引腳接外部振蕩源。3、控制或與其它電源復(fù)用引腳RST/VPD，ALE/，和/VPPPROGSENARST/VPD當(dāng)振蕩器運(yùn)行時(shí)，在此引腳上出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)機(jī)器周期的高電平（由低到高跳變），將使單片機(jī)復(fù)位在VCC掉電期間，此引腳可接圖298051引腳排列圖上備用電源，由VPD向內(nèi)部提供備用電源，以保持內(nèi)部RAM中的數(shù)據(jù)。P101P12P123P134P145P156P167P178RST/VPD9RXDP3010TXDP311INT0P3212INT1P313T0P3414T1P3515WRP3616RDP3717XTAL218XTAL119VS20P2021P212P223P2324P2425P2526P2627P2728PSEN29ALE/PROG30EA/VP31P0732P063P0534P0435P0336P0237P0138P039VC40803180518751ALE/正常操作時(shí)為ALE功能（允許地址鎖存）提供把地址的低字節(jié)PROG鎖存到外部鎖存器，ALE引腳以不變的頻率（振蕩器頻率的）周期性地發(fā)出正脈沖61信號(hào)。因此，它可用作對(duì)外輸出的時(shí)鐘，或用于定時(shí)目的。但要注意，每當(dāng)訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，將跳過一個(gè)ALE脈沖，ALE端可以驅(qū)動(dòng)（吸收或輸出電流）八個(gè)LSTTL電路。對(duì)于EPROM型單片機(jī)，在EPROM編程期間，此引腳接收編程脈沖（功能）PROG外部程序存儲(chǔ)器讀選通信號(hào)輸出端，在從外部程序存儲(chǔ)取指令（或數(shù)SEN據(jù)）期間，在每個(gè)機(jī)器周期內(nèi)兩次有效。同樣可以驅(qū)動(dòng)八LSTTL輸入。PSEN/VPP、/VPP為內(nèi)部程序存儲(chǔ)器和外部程序存儲(chǔ)器選擇端。當(dāng)AEA/VPP為高電平時(shí)，訪問內(nèi)部程序存儲(chǔ)器，當(dāng)/VPP為低電平時(shí)，則訪問外部程EA序存儲(chǔ)器。對(duì)于EPROM型單片機(jī)，在EPROM編程期間，此引腳上加21伏EPROM編程電源（VPP）。4、輸入/輸出引腳P00P07，P10P17，P20P27，P30P37。P0口（P00P07）是一個(gè)8位漏極開路型雙向I/O口，在訪問外部存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，它是分時(shí)傳送的低字節(jié)地址和數(shù)據(jù)總線，P0口能以吸收電流的方式驅(qū)動(dòng)八個(gè)LSTTL負(fù)載。P1口（P10P17）是一個(gè)帶有內(nèi)部提升電阻的8位準(zhǔn)雙向I/O口。能驅(qū)動(dòng)吸收或輸出電流四個(gè)LSTTL負(fù)載。P2口（P20P27）是一個(gè)帶有內(nèi)部提升電阻的8位準(zhǔn)雙向I/O口，在訪問外部存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，它輸出高8位地址。P2口可以驅(qū)動(dòng)吸收或輸出電流四個(gè)LSTTL負(fù)載。P3口（P30P37）是一個(gè)帶有內(nèi)部提升電阻的8位準(zhǔn)雙向I/O口。能驅(qū)動(dòng)吸收或輸出電流四個(gè)LSTTL負(fù)載22LED顯示數(shù)碼管LED有共陰極和共陽(yáng)極兩種。如圖所示。二極管的陰極連接在一起，通常此公共陰極接地，而共陽(yáng)極則將發(fā)光二極管的陽(yáng)極連接在一起，接入5V的電壓。一位顯示器由8個(gè)發(fā)光二極管組成，其中7個(gè)發(fā)光二極管構(gòu)成字型“8”的各個(gè)筆劃（段）AG，另一個(gè)小數(shù)點(diǎn)為DP發(fā)光二極管。當(dāng)在某段發(fā)光二極管施加一定的正向電壓時(shí)，該段筆劃即亮；不加電壓則暗。為了保護(hù)各段LED不被損壞，需外加限流電阻。LED數(shù)碼管結(jié)構(gòu)原理圖圖3AT89C2051引腳配置AT89C2051芯片的20個(gè)引腳功能為VCC電源電壓。GND接地。RST復(fù)位輸入。當(dāng)RST變?yōu)楦唠娖讲⒈３?個(gè)機(jī)器周期時(shí)，所有I/O引腳復(fù)位至“1”。XTAL1反向振蕩放大器的輸入及內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘工作電路的輸入。XTAL2來自反向振蕩放大器的輸出。P1口8位雙向I/O口。引腳P12P17提供內(nèi)部上拉，當(dāng)作為輸入并被外部下拉為低電平時(shí)，它們將輸出電流，這是因內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。P10和P11需要外部上拉，可用作片內(nèi)精確模擬比較器的正向輸入（AIN0）和反向輸入（AIN1），P1口輸出緩沖器能接收20MA電流，并能直接驅(qū)動(dòng)LED顯示器；P1口引腳寫入“1”后，可用作輸入。在閃速編程與編程校驗(yàn)期間，P1口也可接收編碼數(shù)據(jù)。P3口引腳P30P35與P37為7個(gè)帶內(nèi)部上拉的雙向I/0引腳。P36在內(nèi)部已與片內(nèi)比較器輸出相連，不能作為通用I/O引腳訪問。P3口的輸出緩沖器能接收20MA的灌電流；P3口寫入“1”后，內(nèi)部上拉，可用輸高電平驅(qū)動(dòng)共陰極低電平驅(qū)動(dòng)共陽(yáng)極入。P3口也可用作特殊功能口。23中斷指令。在CPU和外設(shè)交換信息時(shí)，存在著快速CPU和慢速外設(shè)間的矛盾，機(jī)器內(nèi)部有時(shí)也可能出現(xiàn)突發(fā)事件，為此，計(jì)算機(jī)中通常采用中斷技術(shù)。CPU和外設(shè)并行工作，當(dāng)外設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備好或有某種突發(fā)事件發(fā)生時(shí)向CPU提出請(qǐng)求，CPU暫停正在執(zhí)行的程序轉(zhuǎn)而為該外設(shè)服務(wù)或處理緊急事件，處理完畢再回到原斷點(diǎn)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行原程序。中斷優(yōu)先級(jí)當(dāng)有多個(gè)中斷源同時(shí)向CPU申請(qǐng)中斷時(shí)，CPU優(yōu)先響應(yīng)最需緊急處理的中斷請(qǐng)求，處理完畢再響應(yīng)優(yōu)先級(jí)別較低的，這種預(yù)先安排的響應(yīng)次序。中斷的嵌套在中斷系統(tǒng)中，高優(yōu)先級(jí)的中斷請(qǐng)求能中斷正在進(jìn)行的較低級(jí)的中斷源處理，（1）中斷技術(shù)是實(shí)時(shí)控制中的常用技術(shù)，51系列單片機(jī)有三個(gè)內(nèi)部中斷，二個(gè)外部中斷。所謂外部中斷就是在外部引腳上有產(chǎn)生中斷所需要的信號(hào)。每個(gè)中斷源有固定的中斷服務(wù)程序的入口地址稱矢量地址或向量地址。當(dāng)CPU響應(yīng)中斷以后單片機(jī)內(nèi)部硬件保證它能自動(dòng)的跳轉(zhuǎn)到該地址。因此，此地址是應(yīng)該熟記的，在匯編程序中，中斷服務(wù)程序應(yīng)存放在正確的向量地址內(nèi)?；虼娣乓粭l轉(zhuǎn)移指令；而在C語(yǔ)言中是靠INTERRUPTN的關(guān)鍵字N自動(dòng)設(shè)置的。（2）單片機(jī)的中斷是靠?jī)?nèi)部的寄存器管理的，這就是中斷允許寄存器IE，中斷優(yōu)先權(quán)寄存器IP，必須在CPU開中斷即開全局中斷開關(guān)EA，開各中斷源的中斷開關(guān)，CPU才能響應(yīng)該中斷源的中斷請(qǐng)求，其中缺一不可。（3）從程序表面看來，主程序和中斷服務(wù)程序好象是沒有關(guān)連的，只有掌握中斷響應(yīng)的過程，才能理解中斷的發(fā)生和返回，看得懂中斷程序，并能編寫高質(zhì)量中斷程序。表21常用中斷符號(hào)名稱中斷引起原因中斷服務(wù)程序入口INT0外部中斷0P32引腳的低電平或下降沿信號(hào)0003HINT1外部中斷1P33引腳的低電平或下降沿信號(hào)0013HT0定時(shí)器0中斷定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器0計(jì)數(shù)回零溢出000BHT1定時(shí)器1中斷定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器1計(jì)數(shù)回零溢出001BHT2定時(shí)器2中斷定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器2中斷TF2或T2EX信號(hào)）002BHTI/RI串行口中斷串行通信完成一幀數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送或接收引起中斷0023H24硬件原理圖晶振（12MHZ）定時(shí)1秒對(duì)于12MHZ的晶振而言，其時(shí)鐘周期T1/F1/12US,而89C51的一個(gè)機(jī)器周期包括12個(gè)時(shí)鐘周期，所以一個(gè)機(jī)器周期為1US，對(duì)于T0而言，使之工作于16BIT，最大計(jì)時(shí)為65536165536US，需要多次定時(shí)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)一秒定時(shí)。XTAL218XTAL119ALE30EA31PSEN29RST9P0/AD039P01/AD138P02/AD237P03/AD336P04/AD435P05/AD534P06/AD63P07/AD732P101P12P123P134P145P156P167P178P30/RXD10P31/TXD1P32/INT012P3/INT113P34/T014P37/RD17P36/WR16P35/T115P27/A1528P20/A821P21/A92P2/A1023P23/A124P24/A1225P25/A1326P26/A1427U1AT89C51SRCFILE1ASMPROGRAM1HEXD1LEDREDD2LEDREDD3LEDREDD4LEDREDD5LEDREDD6LEDREDD7LEDREDD8LEDREDX1CRYSTALC130NFC230NFVC5VR1270R2270R3270R4270R5270R6270R7270R8270VC5VC31NFR910KVC5VR1010KR110KR1210KR1310K3程序流程圖31總流程圖NYNYNYNYNY初始化INT0按下INT1按下T0按下T1按下流水燈逐點(diǎn)點(diǎn)亮間隔點(diǎn)亮動(dòng)點(diǎn)亮逐點(diǎn)熄滅有鍵按下32流水燈子程序流程圖NYNY其他子程序流程圖與上圖按下其他鍵的流程圖和它相類似。33中斷程序流程圖P1017流動(dòng)點(diǎn)亮消除抖動(dòng)INT0鍵按下按鍵釋放4匯編程序41主程序ORG0000H中斷入口程序LJMPSTARTORG0003HRETIORG000BHRETIORG0013HRETIORG001BHRETICLEARRET初始化程序STARTACALLCLEAR主程序STAR1MOVP3,0FFHJNBP32,FUN2JNBP33,FUN3關(guān)閉按紐JNBP34,FUN0JNBP35,FUN1JNBF0,STAR1曾經(jīng)有鍵按下F0置1RETFUN0LCALLDL10MS消除抖動(dòng)JBP34,STAR1WAITL0JNBP34,WAITL0等待鍵釋放SETBF0FUN01LCALLFUN00LCALLSTAR1LJMPFUN01FUN1LCALLDL10MS消除抖動(dòng)JBP35,STAR1WAITL1JNBP35,WAITL1等待鍵釋放SETBF0FUN10LCALLFUN11LCALLSTAR1LJMPFUN10FUN2LCALLDL10MS消除抖動(dòng)JBP32,STAR1WAITL2JNBP32,WAITL2等待鍵釋放SETBF0FUN20LCALLFUN22LCALLSTAR1LJMPFUN20FUN3LCALLDL10MS消除抖動(dòng)JBP33,STAR1WAITL3JNBP33,WAITL3等待鍵釋放CLRF0MOVP1,0FFH關(guān)顯示LJMPSTAR1FUN00MOVA,0FEH；從P10到P17移動(dòng)點(diǎn)亮FUN000MOVP0,ALCALLDL05SJNBACC7,OUTRLAAJMPFUN000OUTRETFUN11MOVA,0FEH；從P10到P17依次點(diǎn)亮FUN111MOVP1,ALCALLDL05SJZOUTRLAANLA,P1AJMPFUN111FUN22MOVA,0FEH；間隔點(diǎn)亮FUN222MOVP1,ALCALLDL01SCPLARLAMOVP1,ALCALLDL01SRETFUN33MOVA,01H；逐點(diǎn)熄滅FUN333MOVP1,ALCALLDL01SJNZOUTRLAORLA,P1AJMPFUN333DL01SMOVR2,0FFH延時(shí)程序MOVR7，02HLOOP1DJNZR2,LOOP1LOOP5DJNZR7，DL512RETDL10MSMOVR3,14HLOOP2LCALLDL512DJNZR3,LOOP2RETDL05SMOVR4,0AHLOOP3LCALLDL10MSDJNZR4,LOOP3RETDL30SMOVR5,03HLOOP4LCALLDL05SDJNZR5,LOOP4RETEND42一秒鐘定時(shí)程序MOVB,0AH；允許中斷MOVTMOD,01H；工作方式1MOVTH0,0B0HMOVTL0,3CHSETBTR0；啟動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)SETBEA；開中斷BUJBCTF0,SHISJMPBUSHIMOVTH0,3CHMOVTL0,0B0HRET小結(jié)經(jīng)過努力，我們組終于完成這次數(shù)字彩燈的課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。我們首先查閱了大量的書本資料，接著又上網(wǎng)搜集了許多有用信息，有時(shí)候?yàn)榱苏业揭粋€(gè)合適的電路而苦惱，有時(shí)候又為取得一點(diǎn)成功而由衷的高興。當(dāng)最終的方案設(shè)計(jì)出來以后，我們請(qǐng)教了信息學(xué)院的幾位老師，他們的一個(gè)小小指點(diǎn)就給我們很大啟示和靈感，對(duì)我們的程序提出了很多有價(jià)值的建議，在此對(duì)個(gè)位老師特別是輔導(dǎo)老師蘇揚(yáng)表示熱烈感謝，對(duì)在設(shè)計(jì)和買元件期間給于我們幫助的同學(xué)們同樣表示衷心感謝。通過課程設(shè)計(jì)，我們?cè)鰪?qiáng)了對(duì)單片機(jī)的理解，學(xué)會(huì)查尋資料比較方案，學(xué)會(huì)單片機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算；進(jìn)一步提高分析解決實(shí)際問題的能力，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手獨(dú)立開展電路實(shí)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)，鍛煉分析解決程序編寫問題的實(shí)際本領(lǐng)，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)由課本知識(shí)向?qū)嶋H能力的轉(zhuǎn)化；通過典型程序的設(shè)計(jì)與制作，加深對(duì)基本原理的了解，增強(qiáng)了實(shí)踐能力。由于我們的能力和水平有限，實(shí)驗(yàn)過程過于簡(jiǎn)陋，實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)尚淺，錯(cuò)誤之處在所難免，懇請(qǐng)老師加以糾正，以后不斷學(xué)習(xí)改進(jìn)湖南機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告姓名付廣志專業(yè)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)班級(jí)機(jī)電1309課題名稱基于51單片機(jī)的愛心彩燈設(shè)計(jì)與制作指導(dǎo)教師張鳳娟本課題要解決的問題及采用的研究方法一、背景和研究意義背景以微處理器為核心的微型計(jì)算機(jī)以其小型、價(jià)廉、高可靠性等優(yōu)勢(shì)，迅速走出機(jī)房；基于高速數(shù)值解算能力的微型機(jī),表現(xiàn)出的智能化水平引起了控制專業(yè)人士的興趣。他們將微型機(jī)嵌入到一個(gè)對(duì)象體系中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)象體系的智能化控制。這樣一來，計(jì)算機(jī)便失去了原來的形態(tài)與通用的計(jì)算機(jī)功能。為了區(qū)別于原有的通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，把嵌入到對(duì)象體系中、實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)象體系智能化控制的計(jì)算機(jī)，稱作嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。由于嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)要嵌入到對(duì)象體系中，實(shí)現(xiàn)的是對(duì)象的智能化控制，因此。它有著與通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)完全不同的技術(shù)要求與技術(shù)發(fā)展方向。嵌入式系統(tǒng)雖然起源于微型計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代。然而，微型計(jì)算機(jī)的體積、價(jià)位、可靠性都無法滿足大量的對(duì)象系統(tǒng)的嵌入式應(yīng)用要求，因此，嵌入式系統(tǒng)必須走獨(dú)立發(fā)展道路，這條道路就是芯片化道路。芯片化道路即是將計(jì)算機(jī)做在一個(gè)芯片上，從而開創(chuàng)了嵌入式系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立發(fā)展的單片機(jī)時(shí)代。意義單片機(jī)是指一個(gè)集成在一塊芯片上的完整計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。盡管他的大部分功能集成在一塊小芯片上，但是它具有一個(gè)完整計(jì)算機(jī)所需要的大部分部件CPU、內(nèi)存、內(nèi)部和外部總線系統(tǒng)，目前大部分還會(huì)具有外存。同時(shí)集成諸如通訊接口、定時(shí)器，實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘等外圍設(shè)備。而現(xiàn)在最強(qiáng)大的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)甚至可以將聲音、圖像、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、復(fù)雜的輸入輸出系統(tǒng)集成在一塊芯片二、主要內(nèi)容1設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)具有復(fù)位功能的單片機(jī)小系統(tǒng)；2利用單片機(jī)進(jìn)行燈光的場(chǎng)景開關(guān)控制；3利用單片機(jī)進(jìn)行燈光的循環(huán)點(diǎn)亮控制及速度變化控制；4利用單片機(jī)進(jìn)行燈光的色彩連續(xù)變化效果控制。5利用單片機(jī)進(jìn)行燈光的三色聯(lián)動(dòng)定時(shí)控。三、研究擬采用的方法畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃步驟時(shí)間進(jìn)度第一步04200421確定設(shè)計(jì)方案第二步04210425硬件電路圖設(shè)計(jì)第三步04250428編寫軟件第四步04280501軟硬件整體調(diào)試第五步05010510完成論文初稿第六步05100515論文定稿、總結(jié)答辯指導(dǎo)教師意見年月日教研室意見年月日您好，為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請(qǐng)您刪除以下內(nèi)容，O_O謝謝ALARGEGROUPOFTEAMERCHANTSONCAMELSANDHORSESFROMNORTHWESTCHINASSHAANXIPROVINCEPASSTHROUGHASTOPONTHEANCIENTSILKROAD,GANSUSZHANGYECITYDURINGTHEIRJOURNEYTOKAZAKHSTAN,MAY5,2015THECARAVAN,CONSISTINGOFMORETHAN100CAMELS,THREEHORSEDRAWNCARRIAGESANDFOURSUPPORTVEHICLES,STARTEDTHETRIPFROMJINGYANGCOUNTYINSHAANXIONSEPT19,2014ITWILLPASSTHROUGHGANSUPROVINCEANDXINJIANGUYGURAUTONOMOUSREGION,ANDFINALLYARRIVEINALMATY,FORMERLYKNOWNASALMAATA,THELARGESTCITYINKAZAKHSTAN,ANDDUNGANINZHAMBYLPROVINCETHETRIPWILLCOVERABOUT15,000KILOMETERSANDTAKETHECARAVANMORETHANONEYEARTOCOMPLETETHECARAVANISEXPECTEDTORETURNTOJINGYANGINMARCH2016THENTHEYWILLCOMEBACK,CARRYINGSPECIALTYPRODUCTSFROMKAZAKHSTANASMALLARTTROUPEFOUNDEDSIXDECADESAGOHASGROWNINTOAHOUSEHOLDNAMEINTHEINNERMONGOLIAAUTONOMOUSREGIONINTHE1950S,ULANMUQIRARTTROUPEWASCREATEDBYNINEYOUNGMUSICIANS,WHOTOUREDREMOTEVILLAGESONHORSESANDPERFORMEDTRADITIONALMONGOLIANMUSICANDDANCESFORNOMADICFAMILIESTHE54YEAROLDWASBORNINTONGLIAO,INEASTERNINNERMONGOLIAANDJOINEDTHETROUPEIN1975HESAYSTHEREARE74BRANCHTROUPESACROSSINNERMONGOLIAANDACTORSGIVEAROUND100SHOWSEVERYYEARTOLOCALNOMADICPEOPLE“ICANSTILLRECALLTHEDAYSWHENITOUREDWITHTHETROUPEINTHEEARLY80SWESATONTHEBACKOFPICKUPTRUCKSFORHOURSTHESKYWASBLUE,ANDWECOULDNTHELPBUTSINGTHEFOLKSONGS,“NASUNSAYSTHEVASTNESSOFINNERMONGOLIAANDTHELACKOFENTERTAINMENTOPTIONSFORPEOPLELIVINGTHERE,MADETHEIRLIVESLONELY“THENOMADICPEOPLEWEREVERYEXCITEDABOUTOURVISITS,“NASUNRECALLS“WEDIDNTHAVEAFORMALSTAGETHEAUDIENCEJUSTSATONTHEGRASSUSUALLY,THEPERFORMANCESBECAMEABIGPARTYWITHLOCALPEOPLEJOININGIN“FORHIM,THEREWARDINGPARTABOUTTOURINGISNTJUSTABOUTSHARINGARTWITHNOMADICFAMILIESBUTALSOABOUTGAININGINSPIRATIONFORTHEMUSICANDDANCEULANMUQIRLITERALLYTRANSLATESAS“REDBURGEON“,ANDTODAYSPERFORMERSOFTHETROUPESTILLTOURTHEREGIONSVILLAGESANDENTERTAINNOMADICFAMILIES,BUTTHEIRFAMEHASSPREADAROUNDTHEWORLDONMAY16AND17,NEARLY100SINGERSANDDANCERSFROMTHETROUPEPERFORMEDATBEIJINGSPOLYTHEATERTHEIRSHOW,TITLEDULANMUQIRONTHEGRASSLAND,DEPICTEDTHEHISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEARTTROUPE“BEINGFROMTHEREGIONALLOWEDMETOEMBRACETHECULTUREOFINNERMONGOLIAANDBEINGAMEMBEROFTHETROUPESHOWEDMEWHEREIBELONGED,“NASUN,THEARTTROUPESPRESIDENT,WHOISALSOARENOWNEDTENOR,TELLSCHINADAILYDURINGATOURIN1985,HEWENTTOAVILLAGEANDMETANELDERLYLOCALMAN,WHOTOLDHIMASTORYABOUTHISFRIENDSHIPWITHASOLIDERFROMSHENYANG,CAPITALOFNORTHEASTCHINASLIAONINGPROVINCE,DECADESAGOTHESOLIDERGAVETHEOLDMANAHANDMADESADDLEWHENTHEYBIDFAREWELLTHESTORYINSPIREDNASUNTOWRITECARVEDSADDLE,ASONGTHATLATERBECAMEONEOFHISMOSTPOPULARNUMBERSNOW,EVERYYEAR,NASUNRECRUITSYOUNGSINGERSANDDANCERSFORTHETROUPETHETROUPEHASALSODESIGNEDANEWREPERTOIRE,WHICHISMOSTLYBASEDONTHEDAILYLIVESOFMONGOLIANPEOPLE,ESPECIALLYTHELIVESOFNOMADICFAMILIES,ANDHASCOMBINEDCONTEMPORARYMUSICALELEMENTSWITHFOLKSONGSOFTHEREGIONHAIMU,A25YEAROLDKHOOMEIALOCALVARIANTOFOVERTONESINGINGSINGER,JOINEDTHETROUPETHREEYEARSAGOALONGWITHASIXMEMBERBAND,HEPERFORMSFASTSONGSANDSOFTONESTHATHEWRITESALLWHILEPLAYINGTHEHORSEHEADFIDDLE“ALTHOUGHILEARNEDTHEPIANOSINCECHILDHOODANDGREWUPLISTENINGTOVARIOUSKINDSOFMUSIC,TOME,THEFOLKMUSICOFINNERMONGOLIAISTHEROOT,“HESAYS“PERFORMINGINREMOTEVILLAGESISPLEASANTIFEELATHOMEONTHEBOUNDLESSGRASSLANDS,ANDTHEWARMPEOPLETHEREMAKEMEFEELFULFILLED“THEFIRSTROUNDOFSPRINGAUCTIONSEASONINBEIJINGENDEDLASTWEEK,BUTITFAILEDTOCREATEMUCHSPRINGINTHEARTMARKETALTHOUGHTWOPIECESOFCHINESEPAINTINGFETCHEDMORETHAN100MILLIONYUAN,THEDECLINEINTRADINGVOLUMEANDSALERATESHOWEDADOWNTURNTHISYEARINTHE“GRANDVIEWCHINESEPAINTINGHIGHLIGHT”SESSIONATCHINAGUARDIAN2015SPRINGAUCTIONS,PANTIANSHOUSREPRESENTATIVEWORKEAGLE,ROCKANDFLORAHITARECORDAUCTIONPRICEOF279MILLIONYUAN,WHILELIKERANSMASTERWORKJINGGANGMOUNTAINFETCHED1265MILLIONYUAN,ANUNEXPECTEDHIGHINRECENTYEARSHOWEVER,THETRADINGVOLUMEFELLSTO187BILLIONYUANFROM222BILLIONYUANINTHESAMEPERIODTHEYEARBEFORETHEHUANGCHEN2015SPRINGAUCTIONS,WHICHRECORDED425MILLIONYUANINTOTALSALES,EXPERIENCEDTHESAMETHESECTIONNUMBERWENTDOWNTO5FROM12COMPAREDTOLASTYEARACCORDINGTOEXPERTSHAOJIANWU,THEARTMARKETDIDNOTATTRACTMUCHEXCITEMENTTHISYEARDUETOTHEBOOMINGSTOCKMARKETANDTHEPERSISTENTPROBLEMSOFFORGERYANDFAKEDEALSTHETWOPIECESOFCHINESEPAINTINGNOTCHEDUPHIGHPRICETHISSPRINGDUETOTHEIROWNVALUENOTDUETOAREVIVALINTHEMARKET“THESUCCESSFULTRANSACTIONOFTWOWORKSWITHAHAMMERPRICEOFMORETHAN100MILLIONYUANONCEAGAINCONFIRMSTHATVALUABLEANDRAREWORKSOFHIGHQUALITYALWAYSEARNTHELONGLASTINGHIGHPRICECHINESEPAINTINGANDCALLIGRAPHYISSTILLTHEPILLAROFTHEMARKETHOWEVER,THEOVERALLSALESRATEHASDROPPEDSLIGHTLY,WHICHREFLECTSTHEDEMANDFORTHEORDINARYAUCTIONGOODSHASWEAKENED,”SAIDTHEPRESIDENTOFCHINAGUARDIANSHUYANYAN“BESIDES,THEENTRYOFNEWBUYERSALSOMAKESCERTAINCHANGESTOTHEDIRECTIONOFPURCHASINGINAWORD,THEOVERALLMARKETTRENDISVERYUNPREDICTABLEALTHOUGHCHINAGUARDIAN2015SPRINGAUCTIONSHASACHIEVEDREMARKABLERESULTS,ITDOESNOTMEANTHATTHEMARKETHASWALKEDOUTOFTHEPREDICAME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