2011040011169ASTUDYONWORDFORMATIONOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDSAPAPERSUBMITTEDASAPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFBASUPERVISEDBYSHIYUCOLLEGEOFFOREIGNLANGUAGESANDLITERATUREWUHANDONGHUUNIVERSITYMAY,2015摘要語言隨著社會的變化而變化，也隨著社會的進(jìn)步而進(jìn)步。所有的語言都是由最早期的詞根和框架逐漸完善的。隨著文化的不斷發(fā)展，作為最受歡迎和傳播最廣泛的英語，也在不斷地完善和進(jìn)步。英語是人類傳播感情的中介，是交流信息的工具。而作為語言中核心的組成部分，詞匯是言語變化最突出的表現(xiàn)。所以想要了解一種語言的進(jìn)步，首先就要了解其詞匯的發(fā)展，即了解其新興的詞匯。英語是一種流行廣泛的國際語言，是使用國家最多的語言，也是隨著文化的進(jìn)步發(fā)展最快的語言之一。和其他語言一樣，如果我們想要了解英語發(fā)展歷史和趨勢，也需要從詞匯入手，以詞匯為研究內(nèi)容的核心。由此看來，英語網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞對研究英語發(fā)展歷程的研究具有重要意義。這篇論文首先概述了英語流行詞匯的發(fā)展并給出其定義，然后探索了英語流行詞匯出現(xiàn)的背景及原因。接著文章又從構(gòu)詞這方面對網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出現(xiàn)的英語新詞的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和論述。本文還結(jié)合實(shí)例對七種英語流行詞匯的構(gòu)詞方法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹和分析。每個(gè)方法就會列舉出其對應(yīng)的新詞，然后去分析這些新詞，找到其構(gòu)詞的方法。英語發(fā)展的步伐很快，新詞的增長速度也讓人驚嘆，可是無論什么新詞，都會遵循詞匯學(xué)的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。而把握這些英語新詞構(gòu)詞的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，會有助于英語學(xué)習(xí)真更好的掌握這些流行詞匯，也讓英語學(xué)習(xí)者更多的了解到新詞的魅力和趣味。關(guān)鍵詞語言；變化；英語流行詞匯；發(fā)展；構(gòu)詞法；ABSTRACTLANGUAGEADVANCESWITHTHEELABORATIONOFDEVELOPINGSOCIALLIFE,ALSOPROGRESSESALONGWITHSOCIETYSPROGRESSANYOFTHELANGUAGESDATEFROMITSEARLYVOCABULARYANDARCHITECTUREBEINGONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARLANGUAGESAROUNDTHEHUMANWORLD,ENGLISHISTHEMEDIATIONFORPEOPLETOEXPRESSINTERACTIONALONGWITHTHERAPIDEVOLUTIONOFHIGHTECHNOLOGYANDRAPIDTRANSFORMATION,ENGLISHLANGUAGEISTHECOGNITIONTOOLOFCULTURALINFORMATIONINTHECONSTANTCHANGEANDPROGRESSANDITISTHECARRIEROFDISSEMINATINGIMPORTANTINFORMATIONASTHECOREPARTOFLANGUAGE,VOCABULARYBECOMESTHEMOSTPROMINENTMANIFESTATIONOFLANGUAGECHANGETHEREFORE,IFWEWANTTOUNDERSTANDTHEPROGRESSOFLANGUAGE,WENEEDTOUNDERSTANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFITSVOCABULARYATFIRST,NAMELY,UNDERSTANDITSEMERGINGVOCABULARYENGLISHASANINTERNATIONALLANGUAGEISTHEMOSTWIDELYACCEPTEDLANGUAGEITISALSOONEOFTHEMOSTRAPIDLYDEVELOPINGLANGUAGESWHICHPROGRESSWITHTHEADVANCEDCIVILIZATIONROLLSSEPARATEDFROMTHEIRCASESIFYOUWANTTOKNOWTHEPROGRESSANDDEVELOPMENTOFENGLISH,THEPRIORITYYOUSHOULDPREPAREISTOGAINKNOWLEDGEOFVOCABULARYTHEREFORE,ITISGREATSIGNIFICANTTOSTUDYTHEINTERNETENGLISHNEWWORDSTHISPAPERBEGINSWITHASUMMARYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPOPULARENGLISHVOCABULARYANDALSOPROVIDESTHEDEFINITIONOFITANDTHENITEXPLORESTHEBACKGROUNDANDREASONSOFPOPULARENGLISHWORDSTHENTHEPAPERSUMMARIZESTHECHARACTERISTICSOFINTERNETWORDSFROMTHEASPECTOFWORDFORMATIONTHISPAPERCOMBINEDWITHTHOSEEXAMPLESLISTEDSEVENKINDSOFCOMMONWORDFORMATIONSOFENGLISHPOPULARVOCABULARYSUCHASSYNTHESIS,DERIVATIVE,TRUNCATEDFORMATION,ACRONYM,BLENDING,NEOLOGYTRACKINGANDINNOVATIONEACHFORMATIONWILLBEENUMERATEDBYTHECORRESPONDINGNEWWORD,ANDTHENBEANALYZEDBYTHESENEWWORDSINORDERTOFINDTHEWORDBUILDINGMETHODSENGLISHISCONSTANTLYIMPROVINGANDDEVELOPINGTHEGROWTHOFNEWWORDSISAMAZINGASWELLHOWEVER,EACHNEWWORDWILLFOLLOWTHELEXICALCHARACTERISTICSANDRULESTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHOSELEXICALCHARACTERISTICSANDRULESWILLHELPTHELEARNERSTOGRASPTHESEPOPULARVOCABULARIES,ANDALSOHELPENGLISHLEARNERSTOLEARNMOREABOUTTHECHARMANDFUNKEYWORDSLANGUAGECHANGESENGLISHFASHIONWORDSDEVELOPMENTWORDFORMATIONCONTENTS1INTRODUCTION12THESOURCESOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS221POLITICALASPECT322ECONOMICASPECT323SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYASPECT424CULTURE43THECHARACTERISTICSOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS531SEMANTICFEATURES532FORMATIONFEATURES633PHONETICFEATURES64WAYSOFTHEFORMATIONOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS641COMPOUNDING742DERIVATION743CONVERSION844ACRONYM945CLIPPING946BLENDING1047BACKFORMATION11CONCLUSION11REFERENCES121INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFSOCIALLIFE,THERECOMESOUTAVASTOFNEWENGLISHWORDSTHEYARECALLED“FASHIONWORDS”,ALSO“THELATESTWORDS”EUGENEANADA,AMAGNIFICENTAMERICANTRANSLATOR,SAID,“ACHARACTER,ALTHOUGHITONCEHADBEENTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCONTENT,COULDBETRANSFORMEDWITHEASE”EXACTLY,ALONGWITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFSOCIETYANDTHEADVANCEMENTOFTECHNOLOGY,ENGLISHFASHIONWORDSARECREATEDONEAFTERANOTHERBRIANFOSTERONCEPRESENTEDUSABREATHTAKINGCASEOFHOWSWIFTLYENGLISHVOCABULARYTRANSMITTEDINTHEYEAR1914,MONICABALDWIN,WHOWASAYOUNGFASHIONABLEGIRLOCCUPIEDINAMONASTERY,REMAININGTHEREASAHERMITUNTIL194112ASRETURNINGTOTHEREALSOCIETY,SHEWASAWAREOFTHATTHEOUTERWORLDHADBECOMEDIFFERENTTOSUCHALARGEEXTENTSHESAID,“ITISUNBELIEVABLETHATTHECONDITIONSOFEVERYDAYLIFECOULDBEAFFECTEDBYSOCIALDEVELOPMENTANDSCIENTIFICADVANCEMENTSOMUCHITALSOPROVESTHATVOCABULARYISTHEBIGGESTPROBLEMFORSTUDENTTOLEARNENGLISHWHENSOMANYNEWENGLISHWORDSAPPEARED,THEPRIORITYISTOGRASPTHELEXICALSTRUCTUREIFYOUDESIRELEARNAWORDBYHEART,YOUSHOULDGRASPHOWITISCONSTRUCTEDANDWHETHERORNOTITCANBEBROKENDOWNINTOTWOORMORECONSTITUENTSTHISPAPERMAINLYINVOLVEDWITHTHELEXICALSTRUCTUREPROCESSESWHEREFASHIONABLEWORDSARECOINEDTHEMAINCONTENTISTOSWOTPRIMARYSTRUCTUREOFNEWCYBERWORDANDTOCOMEUPWITHREGULARPATTERNSMANAGINGTHEIRFORMWITHTHEWORDSENDLESSLYGENERATINGANDIMPROVING,LANGUAGEBECOMESALIVENEVERBEFOREINHISTORYHASTHELANGUAGEBEENSUCHANUNPARALLELEDIMPACTOFNEWFASHIONWORDSTOACKNOWLEDGEINFACT,SINCE1990S,ITHADBEENALREADYCOMEAROUNDTHEUSA,NEOLOGISMBOOMINGHASCREATEDASTRONGMOVEMENTINTHEGLOSSOLOGYFIELDTHEEVENTISNAMEDAS“THENEWWORDREVOLUTION”THENEWWORDREVOLUTIONISTHERADICALEXPLOSIONOFNEWWORDSANDTERMINOLOGYCREATEDBYTHEDIGITALREVOLUTIONWHICHINCLUDES“NEWTECHNOLOGY,NETWORK,POPULARENTERTAINMENT,SLANGOFTHEYOUNGANDNEWTERMSFROMHUNDREDSOFOTHERFIELDALTHOUGHNATIVESPEAKERSHASBEENSPEAKINGENGLISHFORYEARSASVERYFAMILIARWITHTHELANGUAGE,SINCE“THENEWWORDREVOLUTION”COMESINTOBEING,THEYSTILLCANNOTHELPTHEMSELVESTOMAKETHEIRVOCABULARYFASHIONABLEALLTIMESOITPROVESHOWIMPORTANTITISFORPEOPLETOSTUDYCOINEDWORDSWHENWEREADINGTHEUPTODATEENGLISHNEWSSHEETANDPERIODICALSORLISTENTOENGLISHRADIOPROGRAMS,WEMEETMANYFASHIONWORDSFREQUENTLY,ITCAUSESTHATWEAREINCAPABLEOFFIGURINGOUTMEANINGSOFTHEMITMEANSWEHAVETOACKNOWLEDGETHEFACTTHATWECANNOTALWAYSDEPENDONDICTIONARIESINTHISCASE,AINTEGRATEDINVESTIGATIONSABOUTTHEWORDLANGUAGEFORMOFENGLISHFASHIONABLEWORDSWOULDBECOMEVERYINSTRUMENTALTOENGLISHLEARNERSWHOAREDESIREFORABETTERCOMPREHENSIONOFENGLISHFASHIONABLEVOCABULARYEVENIFNUMEROUSENGLISHSPECIALISTSHAVEMADEAGREATDEALOFSURVEYSONENGLISHNEOLOGISM,ANDALSOHAVEMANYACHIEVEMENTS3HOWEVER,WITHTHERAPIDEVOLUTIONOFTHESOCIALLIFE,ENGLISHNEOLOGISMCHANGESCONSTANTLYITISESPECIALLYTOUGHTOKEEPPACEWITHTHEENGLISHNEOLOGISMITISHOPEDTHATTHEREISAWAYWHICHCOULDHELPENGLISHLEARNERSTOCATCHUPWITHCURRENTCHANGESOFENGLISHWORDSTHEPAPERSVIEWPOINTSMAYNOTBEVERYCOMPREHENSIVE,INTHATENGLISHNEWWORDSAREONLYALITTLEPARTOFTHEVASTNUMBEROFNEWWORDSALLTHESAME,ISTILLHAVEATRYTOINTERPRETTHETRUTH,THOUGHINNOTVERYSYSTEMATICWAY,HOWTORECOGNIZEAVARIETYOFTRADITIONALPATTERNSOFWORDFORMATIONAREINTERRELATED,HOWTOUSETHENEWWORDARECONSTITUTED2THESOURCESOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDSCYCLEVOCABULARYANDLANGUAGESYSTEMHASACLOSERELATIONSHIPTHEYCANREFLECTPEOPLESHISTORYANDAVARIETYOFSOCIALCHANGEISVERYGOOD4ATTHESAMETIME,ITCANMIRRORTHEEMERGENCEOFNEWWORDSANDINEVITABLYSOCIALSTATUS,CUSTOMS,VALUES,WAYSOFTHINKING,ANDMANYOTHERSOCIALFACTORSTHEREISREASONTOHAVEAGOODUNDERSTANDINGOFSEMANTICS,ITISVITALFORUSTOEXPLORETHESOCIALBACKGROUNDSWHICHINFLUENCEHOWENGLISHFASHIONWORDSWERECREATED21POLITICALASPECTSINCEWORLDWARII,THEWORLDSRAPIDLYEVOLVINGSITUATION,WHICHISTHEDEVELOPMENTOFENGLISHWORDSFASHIONHAVEHADAPROFOUNDIMPACTKNOSSOSFROMTHEKOREANWARTOTHEWARFREQUENTFOREIGNAFFAIRSOFEACHCOUNTRYREPORTPROCESSINGITISSHUTTLEDIPLOMACYSHUTTLEDIPLOMACYTHELEADERSOFSEVENWESTERNCOUNTRIESATTENDEDTHEMEETINGWASCALLEDG7SUMMITG7峰會5JAPAN,AMERICA,ANDEUROPEANCOUNTRIESHAVEBEENINRECENTTRADEDISPUTESYEARSTHESOCALLEDTRADEWAR貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)SOMENEWWORDSREFLECTTHECHANGEOFWORLDSITUATIONATTHERIGHTTIMEANDRECORDTHESOCIALCHANGESCORRECTLYPOLITICSIMPACTONTHELANGUAGEANDITSVOCABULARY,ANDINTHESAMEWAY,THENEOLOGISMREFLECTSPOLITICALCHANGES22ECONOMICASPECTKEEPABREASTOFTHESITUATIONTHEREARECREATEDSOMANYNEWWORDSWECANSEESOMEECONOMICORGANIZATIONSANDTREATIESFOREXAMPLE,THEFAMOUSWTOWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONTHENAFTANORTHAMERICANFREETRADEAGREEMENTTOSTRENGTHENTHEECONOMICUNIONTOAUNIFIEDEUROPEANMARKET,THEEUROPEANUNIONDECIDEDTOCARRYOUTCURRENCY,THEEUROUNRAVEL,ANDTHENETWORKECONOMY網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)THEEMERGENCEOFSOMENEWENGLISHWORDSARECOINED,SUCHASECOMMERCE電子商務(wù),ETAIL電子零售,CYBERSTAR網(wǎng)絡(luò)明星,CYBERPET電子寵物,ETCTODAY,PEOPLECANUSETHEPLASTIC信用卡TOWITHDRAWMONEYONTHEHOLEINWALLATM自動取款機(jī)INTHESUPERMARKETCUSTOMERSCANCONSUMEGOODSLOYALTYCARD貴賓卡ANDMEMBERSHIPCARD會員卡PROVIDINGCONSUMERSWITHAGOODSHOPPINGENVIRONMENT,PEDESTRIANSHOPPINGSTREETONLYSTRUCTUREFREQUENTLYAROUNDTHEWORLD,SOTHENEWTERM“WALKINGSTREET“步行街WASCREATED623SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYASPECTTHEIMPROVEMENTOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYISTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTPARTOFTHEEMERGENCEOFNEWENGLISHWORDSFORINSTANCE,THELAUNCHSPACECRAFTISASYMBOL,WHICHMARKSTHEPROGRESSOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,SOMANYNEWWORDSCONNECTEDWITHTHESPACECRAFTAREWIDELYUSED,SUCHASSPACESICKNESS宇航病,DEEPSPACE深空間BYTHEENDOF2002,CHINALAUNCHEDTHE“SHENZHOUIVSPACECRAFT“SUCCESSFOREIGNMEDIAFORTHEFIRSTTIMEUSEDTHEWORD“ASTRONAUT“THE“SHENZHOUV“AFTERTHELAUNCH,THENEWWORDINTHEMEDIAFREQUENTLYAPPEAREDINWESTERNCOUNTRIESATTHESAMETIME,ADVANCEDMEDICALSCIENCEHASBROUGHTMANYNEWENGLISHWORDSTHEYINCLUDEMEDICALTERMINOLOGY,THENAMEOFTHENEWLYDEVELOPEDDRUGS,ANDSOMENEWBACTERIAORVIRUSESFOREXAMPLEINVITROFERTILIZATION試管嬰兒,ANTHRAX炭疽,BOVINESPONGIFORMENCEPHALOPATHY瘋牛病,FOOTANDMOUTH口蹄疫,SEXREASSIGNMENTSURGERY變性手術(shù),CLONING克隆,SARS非典型性肺炎,LAPAROSCOPICSURGERY腹腔鏡手術(shù),BOTULINUMTOXIN肉毒桿菌ANDTHELIKEADVANCEMENTOFCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGY,CREATEDALOTOFFASHIONWORDSIN“CYBERSPACE“網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界,YOUCANSEEALOTOF“POPUPADS“網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)的彈式廣告YOUCANGOTOANYWEBSITESURFING網(wǎng)上沖浪ORBROWSING網(wǎng)上漫游MAYBEYOUCANREGISTERASNETIZEN網(wǎng)民IFYOUTRIED,YOUCANSTAYINCYBERIA電腦咖啡屋HAVEARESTORYOUCANGOECINEMA電子影院SIGNDRIVEINMOVIESWATCHINGMOVIESYOUCANHAVEANORMALONLINEROMANCE上網(wǎng)看電影ANDLOVEAFFAIR網(wǎng)戀WITHYOURNETFRIEND網(wǎng)友,BUTDONOTTOUCHHACKER黑客ANDVIRUSESVIRUSES24CULTURECULTUREALSOPLAYSATERMPRODUCTIONPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEITISWIDELYRECOGNIZEDTHATLANGUAGEISCULTUREBEARERSTHEREFORE,AMORECOLORFULCULTURALLIFERICHERANDLANGUAGEWILLTHUS,WITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALLIFECONTENT,ALARGENUMBEROFNEWWORDSFINDTHEIRPLACE“HIPPIES“,ALSOCALLED“FLOWERCHILDORPERSON“,APPEAREDINTHE1960S,ITISTHATTHESEPEOPLEWHOADVOCATELOVEANDPEACE,THESTRUGGLEAGAINSTTHEVIETNAMWAR,BUTTHEYWERENEGATIVEPACIFISTTHEYAREALSOTAKINGDRUGS,WEARINGSTRANGECLOTHES,LIKEGREGARIOUSSIMILARLY,THE“NEWYIPPIES“URBANYOUNGCITIZENSWHOHAVETHEEXPERTISE,WITHGOODINCOMEAND“YEEPIES“YOUTHFULVIGOROFAMANINTHENEXTFEWYEARS3THECHARACTERISTICSOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS31SEMANTICFEATURESMANYENGLISHFASHIONWORDSAREOFTENFORMEDBYDERIVINGFROMSOMEFREQUENTLYUSEDWORDS,PUTFAMILIARWORDSTOGETHER,ORADDANEWMEANINGTOEXISTINGWORDSTHEREFORE,THESEENGLISHWORDSFASHIONHASBECOMEAVIVIDANDAPPROPRIATECHARACTERISTICCONCISE,CLEARSEMANTICMEANINGITCANHELPUSTOEXPRESSOURTHOUGHTSANDIDEASWELLTHEREFORE,THESENEWTERMSARELIKELYTOBEACCEPTEDANDWIDELYUSEDTHEFORMATIONSOFNEWENGLISHWORDSAREOFTENDERIVEDFROMCOMMONEVERYDAYWORDSFOREXAMPLE,THENAVIGATORISJUSTMEANSTHEBOATSSAILONTHEWATERMANYYEARSAGO,BUTNOWITALSOUSEDINCARSANDAIRPLANESOTHESEMANTICOFTHEWORDSISBECOMEEXTENSIONALONTHEOTHERHAND,THESEMANTICOFSOMEWORDSISBECOMENARROWINGSUCHASNOTORIOUS,ITMEANSSOMETHINGISWIDELYKNOWNBYOTHERS,BUTNOWITMEANSTHATSOMETHINGISWIDELYANDUNFAVORABLYKNOWBYOTHERSANDTHEREARESOMEWORDCHANGEDTHESEMANTICFOREXAMPLE,THEMISCHIEVOUSMEANSDISASTROUS,BUTNOWITMEASSOMEONEPLAYSFULLYANNOYINGACCORDINGTOTHEIRFORMATION,ESPECIALLYFROMADDEDNEWMEANINGSTOEXISTINGWORDSTHEWAYTOLEARNTHELANGUAGEOFTHEUSERCANFINDASIMILARNEWTHINGSORCONCEPTS,ANDFAMILIARWITHTHEWORDASSOCIATIONTHENEWGENERATIONOFMEANINGFULWORDS,VIVIDLYDESCRIBESNEWTHINGSANDNEWIDEAS32FORMATIONFEATURESMOSTENGLISHFASHIONWORDSAREFORMEDINANOLDWAY,SUCHASCOMPOUNDING,AFFIXATIONTHEREAREALSOLARGENUMBERSOFNEOLOGISMSCREATEDINANEWWAYRELATEDTOMANYFIELDSMANYENGLISHWORDSBYWAYOFWORDFORMATIONRULES,SUCHASROOTSANDAFFIXESTRANSFORMATIONCANGUESSTHEMEANINGBYSTUDYINGITSFORMATIONTYPICALLY,THESEWORDSCARRYFEATURESCONCISE,EASYTOUNDERSTANDANDREMEMBER,PROMOTETHESPEEDOFUNDERSTANDINGWORDSEFFECTUALLY33PHONETICFEATURESVOICEDEVICECANBEWIDELYUSEDINTHEPRODUCTIONOFMOODENGLISHSOMEUNPLEASANTVOICEORTEXTFORMMAYBEOMITTEDORHIDDENVOICEMEANSMAINLYREFERSTOVOICEOMISSIONS,ANDVOICEDISTORTIONVOICEOMISSIONISTHATCERTAINPARTSOMITTEDTHESOUND,MAKEPRONUNCIATIONSHORTER,LESSUNPLEASANTFOREXAMPLE,WEMAYBEOMITTEDFORTHECONVENIENCEOFLAV,ORBRABRATOAVOIDVIOLATINGTABOOSTABOOSSPEAKERMAKESSPELLINGANDPRONUNCIATIONCHANGEDSOMEWHATFOREXAMPLE,VERYRELIGIOUSPEOPLETHINKITISASININRUDEMANNERBYTHENAMEOFGOD,SO“GOD“ISDISTORTEDAS“GOD“OR“GOD,“WHICHTYPICALLYCONSISTSOFTHREEPARTSANABBREVIATION,FOREXAMPLE,TOTALTBJESUSCHRISTISTHEDISTORTIONOFTUBERCULOSISCANBEABBREVIATEDTOJCOVERLAPPING,SOMEOFWHICHSPECIESSYLLABLESORLETTERSOFTHEFORMATIONEUPHEMISMFOREXAMPLE,“SISTER,SISTER,“PEEPEE“OR“INTHEMORNING,BEFOREDAWN,“REPLACE“PEE“DISTORTIONPRONUNCIATION,FOREXAMPLE,WECANUSETHE“BLOODY“AND“FUZZY“ONSEVERALOCCASIONS4WAYSOFTHEFORMATIONOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS4WAYSOFTHEFORMATIONOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDSATPRESENT,THEREARENUMEROUSNEWWORDCAME,DYINGADMITTEDLY,ENGLISHISTHEGENERATIONOFNEWWORDSINTHELANGUAGEANDVOCABULARYPOSITIVESHARPINCREASEINTHENUMBERANDSCOPEHOWEVER,THENEWGENERATIONISNOTIRREGULARWORDSINCONTRAST,THEREAREALOTOFLAWSINTHEWAYOFWORDFORMATIONTHISARTICLEWILLDISCUSSSOMEOFTHEWORDSGENERATEDBYTHENEW,COMPLEX,DERIVATION,CONVERSION,ACRONYMS,CUTTING,MIXING,FORMINGTHEREARENDOFTHEBASICWAYS41COMPOUNDINGCOMPOUNDINGORCOMPOSITIONISAWORDFORMATIONPROCESSCONSISTINGOFJOININGTWOORMOREBASESTOFORMANEWUNITORACOMPOUNDWORDCOMPOUNDINGHASBEENASOURCEOFNEWWORDSINENGLISHSINCETHEEARLIESTTIMESANDISPARTICULARLYCOMMONINPRESENTDAYENGLISHITISESTIMATEDTODAYTHATTHELARGESTNUMBEROFNEWWORDSAREFORMEDBYCOMPOUNDINGCOMPOUNDSCANBENOUNS,ADJECTIVESANDVERBSFOREXAMPLE,TRENDSETTERISANOUN,WHICHISMADEUPOFTHEWORD“TREND”ANDTHEWORD“SETTER”,MEANINGAPERSONWHOSTARTSANEWFASHIONORMAKESITPOPULARANDCOPYCATTING,ITISANOUNWHICHCONSISTSOF“COPY”AND“CATTINGTHISCHINESETERMLITERALLYREFERSTOTHEMOUNTAINSTRONGHOLDSOFBANDITSFIRSTBORROWEDTODESCRIBERIPOFFPRODUCTS,ITHASEVOLVEDTOREFERALSOTOHOMEMADEPRODUCTS,SUCHASVIDEOPARODIESOFMOVIESKNOCKOFFISALSOANOUNHAVETHESIMILARMEANINGWITHITTHEREAREMANYFASHIONWORDSFORMEDBYCOMPOUNDING,SUCHASKNOWITALL萬事通），COMMENCEMENT畢業(yè)典禮），F(xiàn)UELEFFICIENT節(jié)能高效的），HOUSEHUSBAND（家庭主男），SHUTTERBUG攝影愛好者），ALLMATCH百搭），EBOOK（電子書）ANDMOONWALK月球漫步,CLONESHEEP克隆羊,42DERIVATIONADDITIONALDERIVATIONORCANBEDEFINEDASBYTHEADDITIONOFTHEWORDELEMENT,SUCHASUNDERAPREFIX,SUFFIXORCOMBFORMTOFORMANEWWORDINTHEPROCESS,THEPROCESSALREADYEXISTSFORWORDTHISALLOWSUSTOEXPANDOURVOCABULARYNEWWORDSWITHOUTSPECIALMEMORIESPREFIXESMODIFYTHELEXICALMEANINGOFTHEBASETHEYDONOTGENERALLYALTERTHEWORDCLASSOFAWORDGELIVABLEANDUNGELIVABLEISAHOTWORDANDITMEANSSOMEONEORSOMETHINGISCHEERFULANDITALSOATYPICALEXAMPLETHEREARESOMEOTHERPRODUCTIVEPREFIXESINCLUDING“UNGELIVABLE”PREFIXESUN,NON,IN,DIS,APREFIXESOFATTITUDECO,COUNTER,ANTI,PROPREFIXESOFTIMEANDORDERFORE,POST,EX,RE,ANDSOFORTHONTHECONTRARY,SUFFIXESUSUALLYCHANGETHEWORDFROMONEPARTOFSPEECHTOANOTHER,NOTTHEMEANINGOFTHEWORDFOREXAMPLE,WHENABLEISADDEDTOTHEWORD“FASHION”,ITFORMSANEWWORDFASHIONABLE,WHICHMEANSSOMETHINGISPOPULARANDFASHIONERMEANSDESIGNERSOMETYPICALEXAMPLESOFSUFFIXESAREISTROMANTICIST,ISMWEIGHTISM,BUSHISM,CLINTONISM,NIKCOMPUTEREMIK,FILMNIK,CITINIK,LYDILLYDALLYANDSOONACOMBINATIONOFFORM,HOWEVER,ISABOUNDMORPHEMES,WHICHWOULDHAVEBEENACOMPLETEWORDINLATINORGREEK,SUCHASSON,AUTOMATIC,HYDRO,ORTELECONVERTER,THEINTERNETBUTNOWONLYOCCURSINDERIVATIVESTHISISWHATTHEYARENOWMOSTLYCOMPLETEWORDSATTACHEDTOTHEGENERAL,SCIENCE,SCIENTIFICORTECHNICALNATURE,THEFORMATIONOFNEWWORDS,FORINSTANCE,SUBHEALTH,TELECOM通信）,HYPERMEDIA超鏈接，CYBERSPACE（網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間,CYBERCAF網(wǎng)吧,CYBERCHAT網(wǎng)聊43CONVERSIONCONVERSIONISAPROCESSOFWORDFORMATION,WHEREBYACERTAINPARTOFSPEECHTHEWORDTOANOTHERWORDLEVELWORDISNOTADDEDTOAFFIXTHISPROCESSISESPECIALLYTHEPRODUCTIONINMODERNENGLISH,WITHNEWUSESOCCURFREQUENTLYFOREXAMPLE,THENOUNBUGMEANSINSECT,BUTNOWININTERNETWEUSEITTOEXPRESSTHEFLAWINSOFTWAREORHARDWAREFORINSTANCE,SHOOTINGALSOMEANSCHATTING,HITNOTONLYMEANSKNOCK,BUTALSOMEANSINTERTHEWEBSRADIOISANOUN,BUTITALSOCANUSEDASAVERBSUCHASTORADIOAMESMAILTHEREFORE,ANEWMEANINGCANBEASSOCIATEDANDRELATEDTOEXISTINGWORDS44ACRONYMTHEFIRSTLETTERISANORGANIZATION,ASCIENTIFICTERMINOLOGY,THEYAREREAD,THEN,THEFIRSTLETTEROFTHENAMERATHERTHANTHESEQUENCEOFLETTERSTOFORMWORDSMOSTOFTHEACRONYMISSPELLEDINCAPITALLETTERS,BUTTHEYRARELYOCCURWITHTIMEWHENTHEYBECOMEVERYCOMMON,THEYAREUSUALLYSPELLEDINSMALLLETTERS,SUCHASWTOWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONANDALARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE人工智能IFTHEYARECORRECTNAME,THEYRETAINEDTHEORIGINALCAPITALHEREARESOMEEXAMPLESTESLTEACHINGENGLISHASASECONDLANGUAGEBRBBERIGHTBACK（馬上回來）FRFFACETOFACE視頻聊天BTWBYTHEWAY順便提一下CUSEEYOU再見）A/S/LAGE/SEX/LOCATION年齡性別地址ASTIMEGOES,SOMEOFTHEWORDSMAYFALLOUTOFUSEHOWEVER,AGREATNUMBEROFTHISKINDOFWORDSWILLBEADDEDTOENGLISHVOCABULARYUNDOUBTEDLY,ACRONYMSWILLREMAINANIMPORTANTCONTRIBUTORTOMODERNENGLISH45CLIPPINGCLIPPINGMETHODINVOLVESDELETIONOFONEORMORESYLLABLESFROMAWORDUSUALLYFROMANOUN,WHICHISINITSCOMPLETEFORMCLIPPINGMAYBEDIVIDEDINTOFOURMAINTYPESBACKCLIPPING,FRONTANDBACKCLIPPINGANDPHRASECLIPPINGFIRSTOFALL,THEDELETIONMAYOCCURATTHEENDOFTHEWORD,WHICHISCALLEDBACKCLIPPINGTHISISTHEMOSTCOMMONTYPEOFCLIPPINGFOREXAMPLE,ADADVERTISEMENT,HOMOHOMOSEXUAL,AUTOAUTOMOBILE,CHAMPCHAMPION,ANDSOONTHEN,FRONTCLIPPINGREFERSTOTHEDELETIONOCCURRINGATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEWORDEXAMPLESAREBUSOMNIBUS,COPTERHELICOPTER,PLANEAIRPLANE,QUAKEEARTHQUAKEANDSCOPETELESCOPE,MICROSCOPE,RADARSCOPE,ETCINADDITION,THEFRONTANDBACKCLIPPING,ITMEANSTHATTHEDELETIONOCCURSATBOTHENDSOFONEWORDINFLUENZAAFLUANDREFRIGERATORSREFRIGERATORFINALLY,THEPHRASEOFTHECUT,WHICHINVOLVESSHORTENINGAPHRASE,SUCHASPERMPERMANDPOPPOPMUSIC,CONCERTS,ORRECORD46BLENDINGBLENDINGTHEWORDFORMATION,INWHICHANEWWORDBYCOMBININGTWOWORDS,ONEOFWHICHISAPROCESSNOTINITSCOMPLETEFORMOFMEANINGANDSOUNDFORMATIONWORDSFORMEDINTHISMANNERISREFERREDTOASABLENDORPORTMANTEAUSFOREXAMPLE,WORKAHOLIC工作狂ISTHECOMBINATIONOFWORKANDAHOLICLIKEWISE,INFORPORT信息港ISTHEPRODUCTOFPUTTINGINFOROUTOF“INFORMATION”AND“PORT”TOGETHERANDCOSPALYISTHEPRODUCTOFCOSANDPLAYITISWIDELYACKNOWLEDGEDTHATBLENDSHAVEORIGINATEDWITHLEWISCARROLL,ABRITISHWRITER,WHOCOINEDTHEFOLLOWINGBLENDSWHENHEWROTEALICESADVENTURESINWONDERLAND,SUCHASCHORTLECHUCKLESNORTANDGALUMPHGALLOPTRIUMPHINGENERAL,THEBLENDISMAINLYUSEDFORWRITINGRELATEDSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ASWELLASNEWSPAPERSANDMAGAZINESITSHOULDBENOTEDTHATTHOUGHMANYOFTHEMHAVEALREADYACHIEVEDPOPULARITYINENGLISH,THEYARESTILLCONSIDEREDTOBESLANGANDINFORMALSERIOUSMINDEDPEOPLEASACONSEQUENCE,FREQUENTUSEOFBLENDSINFORMALWRITINGISNOTPREFERRED47BACKFORMATIONTHEBACKOFTHEFORMISUSEDTOREFERTOASHORTERWORDMADEBYTHELONGERFORMATERMCOINEDBYFORMATIONMISSINGAHYPOTHETICALAFFIXALREADYEXISTSINTHETYPEOFLANGUAGEFOREXAMPLE,THEAUTOMATEWASFORMEDFROM“AUTOMATION”BYREMOVINGTHESUPPOSEDDERIVATIVESUFFIXION,ANDTHEVERBEDITWASFORMEDFROM“EDITOR”BYDROPPINGTHESUFFIXORMOSTOFTHEBACKSURFACEOFTHEWORDISAVERB,FORVERBSWITHSPEC