1、A New Reading Course Of MPA English (Second Edition),莫 振 銀,Unit 2 The Practice of Public Administration,Text A The Rise of the American Administrative State by David H. Rosenbloom,Study of New Words,press v. 壓; 壓平; 逼迫 pressure n. 壓力; 急迫 impress v. 使印象深刻; 銘記 depress v. 壓下; 使沮喪; 使蕭條,expre

2、ss v. 表達(dá); 擠出; 快遞 a. 快速的 compress v. 壓縮; 鎮(zhèn)壓 oppress v. 壓迫; 壓抑,anniversary n. 周年 (紀(jì)念) universe n. 宇宙; 全世界 vers, vert = turn reverse v. 顛倒 a. 顛倒的; 相反的 conversation n. 交談 controversy n. 爭論；辯論,spirit n. spir = breathe inspire v. 鼓舞; 給予靈感 respire v. 呼吸 conspire v. 共謀; 協(xié)力,administrator n. 管理人; 行政官 mini = s

3、mall 小 miniskirt n. 迷你裙 minute a. 微小的 diminish v. 減少, 減小,minor a. 較小/少的 minority n. 少數(shù) (派); 少數(shù)民族 minimal a. 最小的; 最低限度的 minister n. 部長 仆人 ministry n. (政府的) 部 administration n. 經(jīng)營; 管理,affect v. 影響 fect, fact = make, do 做 factory n. 工廠 perfect a. 完美的; 完全的 efficient a. 有效率的 deficient a. 缺乏的; 有缺點的 defect

4、 n. 缺點; 過失 manufacture n. 制造,employee n. 雇員 -ee = 被的人 (和 er 的意思相反) committee n. 委員會 (commit v. 委托) nominee n. 被提名 / 任命者 trustee n. 受托人; 董事,interviewee n. 被面試者; 被采訪者 接受訓(xùn)練者 trainee n. 考生; 受試驗者 examinee n.,establish v. 建立; 創(chuàng)立 sta, sist = stand stable a. 穩(wěn)定的 static a. 靜止的; 靜態(tài)的 constant a. 不變的, 恒定的 stead

5、y a. 穩(wěn)定的; 沉著的 assistant n. 助手 persist v. 堅持; 固執(zhí),manipulation n. 操作 man, manu = hand manipulate v. 操作 manual n. 手冊 a. 手 (工) 的 manage v. 管理; 經(jīng)營; 處理 manuscript n. 抄本; 原稿 manufacture v. 制造,maximize v. 取最大值; 最佳化 maxi- = biggest 最大 maximum n. 最大量/值 maximal a. 最大的 major a. 主要的; 多數(shù)的 majority n. 多數(shù),posterity

6、 n. 子孫; 后代 post = after, behind postpone v. 推遲 postgraduate n. 研究生 postscript n. (信件中的) 附筆 postwar a. 戰(zhàn)后的 博士后(的) postdoctoral a. 字幕 subconscious a. 潛意識的,Detailed Explanation of Text A,The Rise of the American Administrative State 美國行政國家的發(fā)展 rise n. 興起; (地位的) 提高 the rise in status of scientists 科學(xué)家地位的

7、提高 的興衰 the rise/up and down of,refer to 說到; 參考; 查閱 refer toas 把稱為 把叫做 be referred to as 被稱為; 叫做,intend v. 想要 intend to do 想做某事 (sth.) be intended to do This paper is intended to deal with the current financial crisis. 這篇論文擬討論目前的金融危機(jī)。 This book is intended for children. 這本書的讀者是兒童。,同位語從句 與先行詞同位或等同的從句叫

8、同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞多為 fact, news, hope, belief, thought, report 等抽象名詞, 引導(dǎo)詞多為that ,其作用是對先行詞的具體內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋。,Where did you get the idea / news that I could not come? The foreign guests expressed the hope that they would revisit China. He put forward a suggestion that the meeting be put off.,politically power

9、ful 政治權(quán)力強(qiáng)大 身心健康 physically and mentally healthy This is an economically developed country. 這個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)。,which reads: 我們可以在“憲法導(dǎo)言”里讀到這些目標(biāo)。 read v. 寫明; (文章等) 內(nèi)容是 The full text reads as follows. 全文內(nèi)容如下。 As the law reads, he is guilty. 按法律條文，他是有罪的。 “憲法序言” 中包含這些目標(biāo), 其內(nèi)容如下:,communications services, 復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語 a s

10、avings account 存折 a savings bank 儲蓄銀行 a goods truck 運貨卡車,海關(guān)官員 a customs officer 銷售稅 sales tax 軍備競賽 arms race,was once left up to families . leave v. 把交給; 委托 leave sb. sth. = leave sth. with sb. 把交給 Leave this (up) to me. 把這件事交給我吧。 He is left in charge of the matter. 這事由他負(fù)責(zé)。,to take care of the menta

11、lly retarded 老弱病殘 the old, the weak, the ill and the disabled 救死扶傷 rescue the dying, heal the wounded,Last year saw the biggest annual death toll yet: 2.5 million. Evening saw a little boy crying in the street. Saint Petersburg / The year 1917 witnessed the October Revolution.,well-defined category

12、of people 因為他們主要是和一類定義相對明確的人打交 道, 這些人一般來說都有著共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。 well-defined a. 明確的; 界限分明的 well-defined policies / limits 明確的政策 / 界限 因為這些部門的主要服務(wù)對象比較明確, 而這些服務(wù)對象通常具有共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。,until after World War II. 從句/短語作介詞賓語的情況: until after mid-night A cat came out from under the table. Suddenly a bear ran out from behind a t

13、ree.,brings us to what can be considered the legal roots. Linguists tried to construct what they call a parent language. These people formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society 插入語 Parenthesis,When the earth first came into being, it very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean. 戰(zhàn)國時期的齊國位于現(xiàn)在的山東省

14、. Qi State in Warring States Period is in what it is now Shandong Province.,This is what we usually call population explosion. 這就是我們通常所說的人口爆炸. 這種致命疾病就是后來眾所周知的非典. This fatal disease is what is later known to all SARS.,About the author,David H. Rosenbloom,David H. Rosenbloom,David H. Rosenbloom David

15、H. Rosenbloom is Distinguished Professor of Public Administration in the School of Public Affairs at American University. He was the 2001 recipient of the American Political Science Associations Award honoring the recipients lifetime of exemplary scholarship in the joint tradition of political scien

16、ce and public administration.,He was also awarded the American Society for Public Administrations 1999 Dwight Waldo Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Literature and Leadership of Public Administration. He is considered an expert on constitutional practice related to public administration.,H

17、is authored and coauthored books include 1. Personnel Management in Government (1978, 1981,1986, 1992, 2001) 2. Public Administration and Law (1983; 1997), 3. Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, And Law In The Public Sector (1986, 1989, 1993, 1998, 2002, 2005) 4. Building A Le

18、gislative-Centered Public Administration (2000) 5. A Reasonable Public Servant (2005) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.,Dr. David H. Rosenbloom Distinguished Professor B. A. Marietta College M. A. University of Chicago Ph. D. University of Chicago Ward 330 (202) 885-2361 School of Public Affairs American University,