1、八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan模塊一語法表示感覺和知覺的系動(dòng)詞1 表示感覺和知覺的系動(dòng)詞也可稱為感官動(dòng)詞，主要有l(wèi)ook (看起來 ), smell (聞起來 ), sound (聽起來 ), taste (嘗起來 ), feel ( 感覺 / 摸起來 )。2 感官動(dòng)詞屬于連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。例如：He looks tired.他看起來累了。These flowers smell sweet.這些花聞起來香Her voice sounds beautiful.她的聲音聽起來優(yōu)美。The cake tastes delicious.蛋糕嘗起來美味

2、。I felt guilty.我感到內(nèi)疚。3 感官動(dòng)詞后可接介詞like, like 后可接名詞或v.ing 形式。例如：That boat looks like a duck.那條船看起來像一只鴨子。It smells like being burnt. 它聞起來像燒焦了一樣4 含有感官動(dòng)詞的句子，其否定句和一般疑問句要借助助動(dòng)詞完成。例如：He looks worried.他看起來憂愁。 He doesnt look worried 他看起來并不憂愁。 Does he look worried? 他看起來憂愁嗎？ . 單項(xiàng)選擇()1. The cake _ delicious. I can

3、t wait to eat it.AfeelsBsoundsCbecomesDsmells()2.Apples of this kind _ A tastes goodB tastes wellCtastegoodD taste well()3.2015 ?濰坊 The new sweater I bought for my grandma _ soft. She likes it very much.AlooksB smellsC tastesD feels()4. Oh, Im hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate? No.

4、It tastes_ A. terriblyB. terribleC. goodD. well()5.The cake looks _. Yes, and it tastes even _.A. well; goodB. nice; betterC. good; worseD. better; best()6.2015 ?鎮(zhèn)江 ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. It _ amazing. Its my first time to get to know the new

5、sA looksBsmellsC soundsD tastes()7.Oh, it_so nice. What beautiful music it is!A smellsB soundsC tastes Dlooks()8.Dinner is ready. Help yourself! Wow! It _ delicious. You are really good at cooking.AlooksB soundsC tastesD feels()9.Lets go on a picnic this weekend, OK? That sounds_.AgreatB wellChardly

6、D terribly()10.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell _.AgoodB wellCbadD badly()11. Do you like swimming in winter? Of course. The water _ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.AtastesB feelsC smells D looks()12.Mum is making dinner. It _ so nice!A

7、smellsB tastesC feels D sounds()13.Good medicine for health _ bitter to the mouth.A feelB tastes C feels D taste()14.Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _ nice.AfeelsB smeelsC looks D tastes()15. Do you know the song Gangnam Style?1/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan Of course. It _

8、 interesting.A tastes BsmellsC sounds D feels .根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1我的毛衣摸起來柔軟。My sweater _ Feels soft2聚會(huì)聽起來太吵了。The party _ Sounds noisy3你媽媽看上去很年輕。Your mother _ Looks young4湯嘗起來咸了。The soup _ Tastes salty5它聞起來新鮮嗎？_ it _ ？ Doessmell fresh6他看上去像一位專家。He _ an expert.Looks like7這食物嘗起來怎樣？_ _ the food _ ？ How doestast

9、e8這個(gè)主意聽起來有趣嗎？_ the idea _ interesting?Doessound9你叔叔長(zhǎng)什么樣？_ _ your uncle _ _ ？What doeslook like10他當(dāng)眾講話對(duì)并不緊張。He _ _ _ when he speaks in public.Doesntlook nervous .用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1The cloud _ (look) like a horse.looks2The coat _ (feel) very soft. So she bought it at once.felt3The weather _ (get) warmer and

10、 warmer these days.Is getting4The man _ (seem) to be very angry. seems5That idea _ (sound) very great. Sounds6The baby panda looks very _(love). lovely7Dont eat the fish. It smells _(badly) bad8The background music sounds _(noise). Please turn it down.noisy9 What do you think of the milk? Oh, it _(

11、taste ) good. tastes10 I felt _(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time!Relaxed2/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan模塊二語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (一 )現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示在以前某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為或曾經(jīng)做過的事情對(duì)目前有某種影響；還可以表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的事情?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has+ 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。其用法主要有1 當(dāng)句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù) 時(shí)，要用“ has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞” 。例如：He has finished his homework.他已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。2

12、 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化形式主要有以下幾種：大部分動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和過去式相同，但也有許多不規(guī)則變化，需 要 特 別 記 憶 。 例 如 ： seesawseen,bewas/were been,comecamecome,gowent gone,take took taken 等。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式為havent/hasn t+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，其一般疑問句形式是把have/has 提到句首， 動(dòng)詞過去分詞不變化。例如：I have seen this film.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。I havent seen this film.我沒看過這部電影。 Have you seen this fil

13、m?你看過這部電影嗎？ Yes, I have./No, I havent.是的，我看過。 / 不，我沒看過。He has been to Beijing.他去過北京。He hasnt been to Beijing.他沒去過北京。 Has he been to Beijing ？他去過北京嗎？ Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.是的，他去過。 / 不，他沒去過。 .單項(xiàng)填空()1.2014 ?赤峰 The storybook is very interesting. I agree with you. I_ it twice already.AreadBwill read

14、C am readingD have read()2.Hasnt Betty come yet? No, and I_ for her for nearly two hours.AwaitB waitedChave waitedD had waited()3.Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? The film 3D Titanic? I_ it. Its really wonderful.AseeB have seenC was seeingD has seen()4.Have you ever been to Beijing? _. I went

15、 there last year.AYes, I didB Yes, I haveC. No, I haventD No, never()5.Where is your father?He _ Dalian.A. have gone to B. has gone toC. have been toD. has been to()6.2014 ?廣州 Miss Brown, we _ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?AfinishBfinishingC are finishedD have finished .用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Mum,

16、 can I watch TV now? I _ (finish) my homework.Have finished2The boys _ (not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them.Haventread3 _ you _ (hear) from your pen pal recently?Haveheard Yes, I have. I _ (get) a letter from him yesterday.got4 _ you ever _ (eat) the pizza?No, I

17、havent.Haveeaten5 _ you _(call) your mum yet?Yes, I _.Have calledhasIcalled(call) her last night.6 Has Jack visited(visit) his grandparents? Not yet.7 Haveyour parents ever _ been(be) abroad? Yes, just once.3/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物 tan8Who has seen (see) the film before? .按要求完成下列各題1My parents have gone

18、to England (對(duì)畫線部分提問 )Where have your parents gone?2 Would you like some more food? No, thanks. I have had enough.( 完成句子 )3Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.( 改為一般疑問句并作否定回答) Has_ Daming climbed _Mount Tai before? No_， he hasnt4 He has waited for her for_2_hours (對(duì)畫線部分提問)How long has he waited for h

19、er?5 Jane came to China two years ago. (改為同義句 )Janehasbeen _ in China for two years.4/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan模塊三語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (二 )1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還可以用來表示“剛剛做完某事；已經(jīng)做完某事”等，此時(shí)經(jīng)常用just, already 和 yet 來表示，其中， just 表示“剛剛” ； already 表示“已經(jīng)” ，一般置于 have/has 之后； just 和 already 都用于肯定句中，在否定句和疑問句中則可用 yet ，表示“還未” 。例如：I have just h

20、eard the news.我剛剛聽到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航員已經(jīng)去過月球了。I havent been to Beijing yet. 我還沒有去過北京。注意：just, already 和 yet 在句中的位置：I have just heard from my son.我剛剛收到兒子的來信。Ive already bought the book.我已經(jīng)買了這本書。He hasnt cleaned the house yet.他還沒有打掃屋子。2在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中， 要注意 have been to 和 have gone

21、 to 的區(qū)別， 前者表示 “ 去過某地 ”，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了；后者表示“ 去了某地 ”，現(xiàn)在還沒回來。例如：The spacecraft has gone into space. It wont return.宇宙飛船已經(jīng)進(jìn)入太空，不會(huì)回來了。I have been toMount Tai twice.我去過泰山兩次了。 .單項(xiàng)填空()1.2014 ?北京 He _ in this factory for 20 years already.Awill workB worksC has worked Dis working()2.2015 ?銅仁 Where is your mother?Sh

22、e _ Guiyang.Ahas gone toB has been toC has been inD went to答案 A 句意：“你的母親在哪里？” “她去貴陽了。 ”表示“去某地沒回來”用have gone to ；表示“去某地已經(jīng)回來”用 have been to 。根據(jù)問句可知“媽媽”現(xiàn)在不在說話的地方，即去某地還沒有回來。故選A。答案 A句意：“你的母親在哪里？” “她去貴陽了。 ”表示“去某地沒回來”用have gone to ；表示“去某地已經(jīng)回來”用have been to 。根據(jù)問句可知“媽媽”現(xiàn)在不在說話的地方，即去某地還沒有回來。故選A。()3.Dave, we wi

23、ll leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? No, I _ our guidebook and towels yet.Adont packBdidnt packChave packedD havent packed()4.My cousin _ Sydney for half a year.A. has been toB. has gone toC. has come toD. has been in()5. Aunt Wang is not here now. She has _ to Shanghai and will stay there for sev

24、eral months.A. gotB. comeC. beenD. gone()6.Have you finished your work _ ？Yes, Ive _ finished it.Aalready; yetByet; alreadyC yet; yetD already; already()7.2015 ?常德 I only started taking French classes last week and I _ 50 French words already.AlearnedB learnC have learned()8.My mother _ the dinner a

25、lready.AcookingB cookedChas cookedD cook5/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan()9.2014 ?黔東南 _ you ever_ to Xijiang? Yes, I _ there last year.AHave; gone; wentB Have; been; have beenCHave; been; wentD Have; gone; have gone()10. Why is Mr Yang still in the teachers office? Maybe he_ his work yet.Adoesnt finishB hasn

26、t finishedC havent finishedD dont finished .用 already, just, yet, never 或 ever 填空1 Has Li Ming received the invitation _ yet_?No, he hasnt got it yet . But I know Mr Zhao has already got it.2 Have you read any books on Mars? No, I haveneverread a single word about Mars.3 Have people been to Mars? No

27、, we have never been there.4The astronaut has justgone back to the earth.5The spaceship hasnt sent any information back to usyet .根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1我剛到這兒，還不認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)人。I have justarrived/gothere and I havent known several people yet 2我還沒有問他。Ihaventasked him yet .3邁克剛剛做完了作業(yè)。Mikehasjust done/finished his homework4

28、她現(xiàn)在不在這里，她去廣州了。She isnt here now. She hasgoneto Guangzhou.5我的弟弟已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。My brother has seen_ the moviealready.6“你曾經(jīng)去過巴黎嗎？”“是的，我去過那兒兩次。 ” Have you ever been toParis? Yes, I havebeenthere twice.7這本書我可以借多久？Howlong can I keep the book?8 雖然這本書他已經(jīng)讀了三遍了，但是他希望再讀一遍。Though he_ hasread the book three times, he

29、 hopes to read it a fourth time.9 “你想念你的哥哥嗎？”“是的，非常想念，我3 個(gè)月沒有收到他的來信了。 ” Do youmiss_ your brother? Yes, very much. I havent heard fromhim for three months.10 2015?佛山至今， 145 個(gè)國(guó)家參加了2015 意大利米蘭世博會(huì)。So far, 145 countries have taken part in the 2015 World Expo in Milan, Italy. .按要求完成下列各題1I have already fini

30、shed my homework.(改為否定句 )I haventfinished my homework _ yet 2He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.( 改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答 ) Has heread the book Who Moved My Cheese? Yes, hehas 3She wrote a letter to her cousin. ( 用 just 改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) )She has_ just writtena letter to her cousin.4Tony isnt at home. He went to

31、 Hong Kong. ( 合并為一句 )Tony hasgone to Hong Kong.5I came here two days ago. ( 改為同義句 )I _have been here fortwo days.6Lucy has been to Beijing several times. ( 對(duì)畫線部分提問 )Howmanytimeshas Lucy been to Beijing?6/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan模塊四語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(三 )1 如果要表達(dá)某一行為或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。這時(shí)，句子通常要與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用

32、， 這類狀語通常由 for 或 since 來引導(dǎo)。 需要注意的是， for _后面接一段時(shí)間， 而 since 后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子， 即 for _ 用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度， since 用來說明動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間。 例如：I have lived in Hebei for ten years.我在河北已經(jīng)住了十年。He has been in this school since 2000.自從 2000 年起，他就在這所學(xué)校了。My sister has learnt English since she was four.我姐姐從4 歲起就開始學(xué)英語。2 如果要對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)句子

33、中的時(shí)間狀語進(jìn)行提問，通常要用how long 。例如： How long have you studied English?你學(xué)英語學(xué)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ For four years. 四年了。 How long has he taught here?他在這兒教書多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ Since five years ago.自從五年前。3 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，短暫性動(dòng)詞一般不能與時(shí)間段連用，但在否定句中，則一般可以和表示一段時(shí)間的 for 短語連用。例如：I have stayed in the hotel for a week.我已經(jīng)在這家賓館待了一周了。My parents havent se

34、en me for two years.我父母有兩年沒見我了。He hasnt come to school for a week.他一周沒來上學(xué)了。注意 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，但如果要保留表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語，必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見的短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如下(1)fall asleep be asleep(7)join be in/be a member of(2)begin/start be on(8)finish/end be over(3)buy have(9)leave be away(4)die be dead(10)borrow kee

35、p(5)come be in(11)begin to study study(6)arrive be here(12)come back be back4 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還經(jīng)常用于“Its the first/second time that ”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Its the first time that I have visited here.這是我第一次參觀這里。It will be the third time that you have seen the film with me.這將是你第三次和我一起看電影。 .單項(xiàng)填空()1.Look at these stamps. I _ the

36、m for five years. Wow, they are wonderful.AkeptB have keptC have boughtD bought()2.2015 ?昆明 Long time no see! Oh! It_ five years since we met last time.AwasB wereC has beenD have been解析C考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意： “很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒見了！ ”“自從上次我們見面五年了。 ” since 是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，前面主語是 it ，故用 has been，選 C()3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green_

37、 us English since three years ago.Ahas taught B is teachingCtaughtD teaches()4.Weve lived here _ 1980. So youve lived here _ more than 30 years.Asince; for B for; sinceC for; forD in; since解析A1980 是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以用since; more than 30 years 是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，要用 for 。故選 A。()5.2014 ?安徽 Rick has learned a lotabout Chines

38、e culture _ he came to China.AbeforeBwhenC untilD since解析 D考查連詞的用法。 句意：Rick 已經(jīng)學(xué)了許多中國(guó)文化_他來到中國(guó)。 before 意為“在 之前” ；7/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物 tanwhen 意為“當(dāng) 的時(shí)候” ； until意為“直到” ； since 意為“自從” 。since 引導(dǎo)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，其主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選 D。()6._ have you learned Chinese? For 3 years.AHow often B How muchC How longD How soo

39、n解析 C 由答語“ For 3 years.”可知，上句是問“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，故選 C。()7.Mr Green _ from his home town for 3 years.Ahas been awayB has goneC has leftDhas come解析 A 句中“ for 3 years”是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，因此要與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，故選A。()8.2015?烏魯木齊 Mr Brown_his home town since he_the army.Ahas left; joinedB has been away from; has joined C has been away fro

40、m; joinedD left; joined解析 C 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的辨析。since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。leave 是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能和一段時(shí)間連用。beaway from 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以和一段時(shí)間連用。所以選擇答案C。()9.He _ for ten years.Ahas been marriedB marriedC got marriedD has married()10. How long has Robert _ ？ Since 2004.Abeen to BeijingB bec

41、ome a policemanC joined the art clubD studied in this school .用 for 和 since 填空1She has worked here _ 2014.Since2We have known each other _ six years.For3He has learnt about 1 ，000 English words _ he went to college. since4I have known him _ two years ago.since5She has been away _ about four years.fo

42、r6He has been a league member _ two years. For7I have studied English _ 2009. since8Mr Brown has been in Shanghai _ about two weeks. For9Its three years _ the old man died.since10 The film has been on _ about ten minutes when we arrieved at the cinema.For .根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1他已經(jīng)等他朋友兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。He has waited for h

43、is friend for two hours.2他已經(jīng)好多年不看書了。He hasntread books for years.3她畢業(yè)后就一直在從事護(hù)士工作。She has worked_ as a nurse since her graduation.4你父母結(jié)婚多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？Howlong have your parents been married?5他買這輛紅色小汽車兩年了。He has had the red car for two years.8/20八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法by 厚德載物tan模塊五語法動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分到目前為止， 我們已學(xué)過用多種時(shí)態(tài)來描述行為或狀態(tài)。本模塊重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)一

44、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。下面我們以一種行為或狀態(tài)為例，來區(qū)分一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)：一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常用動(dòng)詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后面的謂語動(dòng)詞要加s 或 es，be 和 have 有特殊的人稱形式(am, is, are; has)。1 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：I often go to school on foot.我經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。2 表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或科學(xué)道理。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3 用于含有時(shí)間的條件狀語從句中，表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：If it rains/is rain

45、y tomorrow, we wont go to the cinema.如果明天下雨，我們就不去看電影了。4 標(biāo)志詞： always， often ， usually， sometimes ， every day, once a week 等。二、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)用規(guī)則或不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的 過去式 表示； be 動(dòng)詞第一、三人稱單數(shù)用 _was，其余人稱用 were；動(dòng)詞 have 一律用 had。1 表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：She was born in 1999. 她出生于1999 年。2 表示過去經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：When she was in Shan

46、ghai, she often came to see me. 她在上海時(shí)，經(jīng)常來看我。 3 標(biāo)志詞： just now ， ago， yesterday， in the past, last week, the other day 等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has _動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。例如：I have got a letter from my aunt. 我已經(jīng)收到了我姑姑的一封來信。2 表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：I have studied English for two years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)兩年英語了。3 標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, never, ever, so far, “ for 時(shí)間段”， “ si