1、traditional skills一 、學(xué)問(wèn)講解及拓展1. used to & be usedto doing &be usedto doused to do sth過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事只用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)he used to go to school by bike. be used to doing習(xí)慣于做某事可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)等時(shí)態(tài)he is used to going to school.be used to do被用于 .可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)=be used for doing eg: 1 -how is your grandma.-she is fine. she used t

2、o tv at home after supper. but now she is used to out for a walk. a watch, gob watching, goc watching, goingd watch, going2 bamboo can paper.a used to makeb be used makec be used to maked be used to making2 although 雖然，盡管與 though 同義，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；不能與 but 同時(shí)顯現(xiàn)在句子中； although 比較正式， 常用于句首； though多用于非正式文體，表

3、示強(qiáng)調(diào)；eg: -the boy can speakboth english and japanese heis only ten.-wow, what a clever boy.a ifb becausec although3 fit adj. 健壯的，健康的v. 合適，側(cè)重于尺寸，大小合適；to keep fit, she eats a lot of vegetables and fruits.this coat doesn t fit me.4 up to 到達(dá)，至多有；up to now 到現(xiàn)在為止 =by nowhis storybooks are up to 50.5 set of

4、f 動(dòng)身，動(dòng)身 =set outthey set off at night.6 get/be ready for為 .做好預(yù)備，be ready 預(yù)備好的 . be ready to do sth預(yù)備做某事mother gets ready for dinner. tom is ready for the exam.7 tie.around. 栓.在.四周the girl ties a scarf around her neck.tie to把.系在 . he tied the horse to a tree. tie up 系好，捆好pleasetie up your safety belt

5、.are you ready.i m ready to go.8 stop .from doing 阻擋 .做 .=prevent .from=keep .fromthe heavy rain prevented/kept us from climbing the mountain.9 reach& get& arrivereach及物動(dòng)詞，后直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞getget to +地點(diǎn)名詞；get here/thearrivearrive at+小地點(diǎn)； arrive in+ 大地點(diǎn)；可當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞：he arrived.10 hang 懸掛，吊懸掛： hang-hung-

6、hung;絞死，吊死：hang-hanged-hanged11 throw 短語(yǔ)throw .into把.扔進(jìn) .throw away扔掉throw off匆忙脫掉throw at向.扔去he threw a stone into the river. throw away those old newspapers. 12 require& needdontthrow off your coat.it cosld outside. tom threw stones at my dog.require及物動(dòng)詞require to be done;require doing; requir

7、e sb. to doneed及物動(dòng)詞need to do; need to be done; need doing情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need doplants require watering every day. they require that i should appear. i need to buy a new bike.13 no more& no longerthe room needs to be cleaned. you needn ctome.no more不再常用來(lái)修飾非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示今后不再重復(fù)以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多指數(shù)量上不再增加，程度不再加深； =not .anym

8、oreno longer不再相當(dāng)于not .any longer,在句中起副詞作用，用來(lái)修飾連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指某事從時(shí)間上講以后不再發(fā)生，其時(shí)間不再連續(xù)；he no more comes.we are no longer students. he is no more a student.= he isn atstudent any more.14 mistake 錯(cuò)誤make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤by mistake錯(cuò)誤地，無(wú)意中mistake a for b把 a 錯(cuò)認(rèn)成 b he makes a lot of mistakes in grammar.i took her umbrella

9、 by mistake. i often mistake lucy for lily.15 after& laterafter介詞常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，after+一段時(shí)間表示某段時(shí)間后later副詞常用于過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，一段時(shí)間+later形容詞意為 “后來(lái)的 ”，修飾名詞after two years, he died in london. tom left for shanghai two weeks later. 16 keep 短語(yǔ)keep sb/sth + 形容詞：使.保持 .;keep +形容詞：保持某種狀態(tài)；keep sb doing： 不停地做某事coats will ke

10、ep you warm.we should keep out school clean and tidy.17 名詞 +y= 形容詞the shop keeps open twelve hours a day. dontkeep talking.health 健康） +y=healthy （健康的）luck 幸運(yùn)） +y=lucky （幸運(yùn)的）in good/bad/poor health 健康狀況好 /不好keep healthy保持健康for luck為了吉利；18 be made from& be made ofbad luck倒霉good luck好運(yùn)be made from由

11、.制成；看不出原材料be made of由.制成；看得出原材料be made up of由.組成be made into 被制成 . they made wine from rice. paper is made from wood. 19 voice& noise& soundbe made in在.制造the house is made of wood,the doll is made up of four parts.voice嗓音；指喉嚨發(fā)出的聲音the girl has a beautiful voice.noise噪聲don t make any noise.sou

12、nd泛指一切聲音at midnight he heard a strange sound.二、語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 和 ；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者；1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由 構(gòu)成；助動(dòng)詞 be 必需與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)量保持一樣，并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化；例如：the man was fooled by the two boys.the book has been translated into several languages.2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法（ 1）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明經(jīng)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；例如： street lights a

13、re often turned on at six in winter.the new test book will be used next term.（ 2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來(lái)說(shuō)更能引起人們的關(guān)懷而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； 例如：this kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.the thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.（ 3）含有雙賓語(yǔ)的句子，主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語(yǔ)或者直接賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不變；變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的如是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)在變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)前就需加介詞to

14、 或 for ； 例如：the pianist gave the pupils 間接賓語(yǔ) some advice直接賓語(yǔ) the pupils were given some advice by the pianist. some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.4 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make、have、let、 see、watch、hear、feel 等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to；但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to； 例如：the boss made them work ten hours a day. t

15、hey were made to work ten hours a day. a boy saw him enter the house. he was seen to enter the house.3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： this kind of car is made in shanghai.一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞was/were + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： the bridge was built in 1992.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：be + being + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： a new bridge is being built in m

16、y hometown.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：was/were + being + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： the plan was being discussed by them at that time .一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：will/be going to do + be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： these books are going to be posted tomorrow.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：would/waswere going to do + be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： the room would be painted .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has + been + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)

17、去分詞例如： has his work been finished.過(guò)去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had + been + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： the news had been told to him by us .帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如： can this walkman be repaired here.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)； 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中by 的賓語(yǔ)；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換方法有兩種： 把間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)

18、化為主語(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ) 把直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)；此時(shí)，一般需在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~（通常是介詞 for 或 to ；在短語(yǔ)see sb. do sth. 中，動(dòng)詞see 后跟不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)；改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上to；用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是表示知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如see, hear,watch,find 等，以及使役動(dòng)詞make, let 等；鞏固練習(xí)： .把以下主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):1、we often use a recorder in our english class. 2、they will show a new film next week. 3、when di

19、d they build the house. 4、i saw the boy enter the room. 5、will they show a new film next week. 6、have they posted the letter yet. 7、we often see him help his classmate. 8、you must turn off the light before you go to bed. 9、who is repairing the bike. 10、the student should learn all the texts by heart

20、. .挑選填空 :1. the reading room yesterday afternoon.a. cleanedb. is cleanedc. was cleaningd. was cleaned2. the workers were made ten hours a day.a. workb. to workc. workingd. worked3. food in a cool place in summer.a. must keepb. mustn kteepc. must be keptd. mustn bte kept4. his father to work in hong

21、kong 3 years ago.a. sentb. was sentc. has sentd. has been sent5. the pen well.a. writesb. is writtenc. was writtend. writing6. great changes in the town since 1988.a. have taken placeb. have been taken placec. has taken placed. has been taken place7. our compositions must next monday.a. be hand inb.

22、 be handed inc. handed ind. be handing in8. the child will back to his parents next month.a. sentb. sendc. be sentd. be sending9. his work yet.a. havebeenfinishedb. hasbeenfinishedc. hasfinishedd. havefinished10. the classroom now.a. is cleaningb. is being cleaningc. is being cleanedd. is cleaned作業(yè)：

23、一 依據(jù)提示完成單詞1 d the picture you have seen.2 write a short article about a p with a traditional skill.3 a he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys w .4 they can d down and stay under the water for up to two minutes.5 damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants r for work.

24、 6 the fish are then taken and thrown i a big basket by damin.7 no nets are r for this type of fishing.8 damin is over 65 now, but he still e working.9 after dark, he h a light on a post at the front of the boat.二 單項(xiàng)1 in some countries, tea with milk and sugar.a is servingb is servedc servesd served

25、 2 the new type of car is going to in three years.a turn outb be turned outc has turned outd have been turned out 3 -i want to sit at the table near the window.- sorry, already.a it tookb it takesc it is takingd it has been taken 4 the letter three days ago and it yesterday.a had post, had arrivedb

26、was posted, arrivedc posted, arrivedd had been posted,was arrived 5 he told me that the final examination next thursday.a is givenb will be givec would have givend would be given 6 water into ice,a will changedb will be changedc should changed can be changed 7 plays twice a month in that theatre.a p

27、ut onb are put oncwas put ond often put on 8 the birds fly away last saturday.a let tob is let toc was letd were let to 9 a strange sound yesterday evening.a was heardb hearsc heardd is heard 10 a beautiful bike him by his classmates.a sent tob will sent toc was sent tod will be sent for 11 a new li

28、brary in our school last year.a is, builtb was, builtc does, buildd did, build 12 an accident on this road last week.a has been happenedb was happenedc is happenedd happened 13 cotton in the southeast of china.a is grownb are grownc growsd grow 14 a talk on chinese history in the school hall next we

29、ek.a is givenb has been givenc will be givend gives 15 a lot of things by people to save the little girl now.a are doingb are being donec has been doned will be done 16 -when this kind of computers .- last year.a did, useb was, usedc is, usedd are, used 17 the great wall all over the world.a knowsb knewc is knowd was known 18 who this book .a did, writtenb was, written byc did, written byd was, written 19 a story by gran