1、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能1. 用作主語Getting up early is a good habit.早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。Finding work is difficult these days.現(xiàn)今找工作可不容易。由于直接將動(dòng)名詞置于句首作主語有時(shí)會(huì)顯得頭重腳輕”，此是可用it作形式主語放在句首，而把真正的主語放在句末。如：It ' s nice seeing her agai再次見到她很好。It ' s no use saying any more about 再談這事沒有用。這兩句句首的it就是形式主語，真正的主語是后而把動(dòng)名詞seeing her again和saying any

2、 more about it。2. 用作表語Seei ng is believi ng.眼見為實(shí)。Her hobby is grow ing roses.她的愛好是種植玫瑰。The real problem is gett ing to know the n eeds of the customers.真正的問題是了解消費(fèi)者的需要。動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可用作主語和表語，兩者的區(qū)別是：動(dòng)名詞多指籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念，而不定式則多表示具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作。3. 用作賓語I don ' t mind being poor.我對貧困不在乎。They kept talking about it.他們一

3、直在談?wù)摯耸隆e suggested moving to the country. 他建議搬至U鄉(xiāng)下去。動(dòng)名詞除用作動(dòng)詞的賓語外，還可用作介詞的賓語。如：She was afraid of waki ng her husba nd.她怕吵醒她丈夫。4. 用作賓語補(bǔ)足語Can we call this servi ng ma nki nd?這能叫為人類服務(wù)嗎？I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul .我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。5. 用作定語We need a new working method.我們需要一種新的工作方法。The doctor told me

4、not to take sleeping pills.醫(yī)生叫我不要服安眠藥。動(dòng)名詞作定語與不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞不同，動(dòng)名詞作定語通常不以短語的形式出現(xiàn)，而且總是位于被修飾名詞之前（在許多情況下構(gòu)成合成名詞），用以表示被修飾名詞的用途、目的和場合。如：reading room閱覽室（表示這個(gè)房間是供人們閱讀的）operating table手術(shù)臺(tái)（表示這個(gè)臺(tái)子是用于做手術(shù)的）swimming pool游泳池（表示這個(gè)池子是供人們游泳的）washing machine洗衣機(jī)（表示這個(gè)機(jī)器是用來洗衣的）動(dòng)名詞用作定語時(shí)，其前有時(shí)可以有形容詞，但此形容詞不是修飾動(dòng)名詞，而是修飾 動(dòng)名詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如：a

5、 big wait ing room 一大問候車室其中的形容詞 big不修飾動(dòng)名詞 waiting,而是修飾 waiting room非謂語動(dòng)詞being done結(jié)構(gòu)與done結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別being done如果構(gòu)成謂語只有一種可能，就是與動(dòng)詞be 一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：Your steak is being grilled and will be ready in a minute.您的牛排正在烤著，馬上就好。Unfortun ately, my car broke dow n and I was stuck there while it was being repaired.不幸

6、的是，我的車壞了， 在修車的時(shí)候，我就被困在那里。但是，作為非謂語動(dòng)詞的being done ,其用法則比較復(fù)雜，也比較容易用錯(cuò)，本文幫同學(xué)們歸納如下。1. 用作定語當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞being done用作定語時(shí)，只能置于被修飾名詞之后，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如：Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看見那個(gè)男孩受到警察的盤問了嗎？（語境中）We are going to reduce the nu mber of trees being cut dow n.我們要減少砍伐的樹的數(shù)量。注意：being done, to b

7、e done 與done均可用作后置定語，其區(qū)別為：being done表示正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；to be done表示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；而 done表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。比較：(1) The playlast month aimed mai nly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be produced D. havi ng bee n produced(2) The playnow aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. b

8、eing producedC. to be produced D. havi ng bee n produced(3) The playnext month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009 安徽卷)A. producedB. being producedC. to be produced D. havi ng bee n produced根據(jù)每句空格后的時(shí)間狀語last mo nth, now, next mo nth可知，第(1)題的答案應(yīng)選 A,第(2)題的答案應(yīng)選 B,第題的答案應(yīng)選Co這道山東卷考題也就變得很容易了：We

9、are in vited to a partyin our club n ext Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. bei ng heldD. hold ing2. 用作主語being done可以用于句首作主語，表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：Bei ng sent to prison was the final degradatio n.墮落到最后的地步就是被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。Being recog ni zed wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.出名所付出的代價(jià)是不管你走至 U哪里，都會(huì)被人認(rèn)出來。3.

10、用作賓語being done不僅可以用于動(dòng)詞后作賓語，而且可以用作介詞后作賓語，也是表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：He tried to escape being puni shed.他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。(escape/avoide/enjoy doing)He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized.他染了胡子，以免我們認(rèn)出他。Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 誰都喜歡偶爾讓人寵一寵。You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being s

11、how n into the court proper.進(jìn)入皇宮時(shí)先要在入口大廳等候，由人帶領(lǐng)進(jìn)入正殿。Before/after介詞After On being in formed the flight would be delayed, we made other arran geme nts.在我們得知飛機(jī)要推遲起飛后，我們另作了安排。請看下面一道考題：(remember to do 與 remember doing 區(qū)另U)I still remember to the Temple and what I saw there.A. to takeB. to be take nC. tak

12、 ingD. being take n從句意上看，“我”與“帶去法門寺”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“我是被帶去法門寺”，所以首先應(yīng)排除表示主動(dòng)意義的A和C;再從語法上看，remember后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞均可，但有區(qū)別：接不定式表示記住去做未做 的事，接動(dòng)名詞表示記住已經(jīng)做過或發(fā)生過的事，根據(jù)句意和句子中saw用的是一般過去時(shí)可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，即答案為Do4. 用作賓語補(bǔ)足語being done 主要用在某些動(dòng)詞(女口see, hear, watch, feel, find, discover, imagine, keep, like, notice 等)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如

13、：I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看至U他正被警察帶走。It ' s interesting for children to see a house being built孩子們看造房子是挺有趣的事。I woke up to hear the bedroom door be ing ope ned slowly. 我醒過來，聽見臥室的門慢慢地被推開。有時(shí)也用于介詞 with, without的賓語后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：They debated for hours without a decisi on bei ng take n. 他

14、們爭論了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，也沒作出決定。5. 用作狀語being done用作狀語是一個(gè)比較重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有時(shí)也表示其他關(guān)系（如時(shí)間等）。如：Being unemployed, he hasn ' t got much n由于他沒有工作，他沒有多少錢。Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly.由于受到很好的照顧，她的身體恢復(fù)得很快。 Being given a chanee, she immediately jumped at it.當(dāng)給她這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候，她立刻就抓住了。注：有時(shí)being可帶有自己的邏輯主語（構(gòu)成獨(dú)立

15、主格結(jié)構(gòu)）。如：The question bei ng settled, we went home.問題解決之后，我們就回家了。考查have sth done的一道語法難題有這樣一道題：Mrs Brown was much disappo in ted to see the wash ing mach ine she had hadwent wrong aga in.A. itB. it repaired C. repairedD. to be repaired這是一道上海高考英語題，答案選C,許多考生因不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不知如何下筆?，F(xiàn)分析如下：句中 to see 后的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：the

16、 washi ng machi ne we nt wrong agai n.（洗衣機(jī)又出毛病了 ），其中（that） she had had repaired套用的句型是 “have名詞或代詞 +過去分詞”，即have the washing machine repaired ;另外，從時(shí)間 上看，請人修洗衣機(jī)"應(yīng)在 出故障"之前，故have the washing machine repaired用了過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，即用hadhad the washing machine repaired ;從修飾角度看，題目中she had had repaired 為修飾名詞 the

17、washingmachine的定語從句（意為她曾請人修理過的洗衣機(jī)”），引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為that，因其用作賓語被省略，也正因?yàn)槿绱?，題目中的she had had repaired的第二個(gè)had后既不能用the washing machine或it，這也就是為什么不能選B的原因。請比較下面一題：A computer does only what people.A. have it doB. have it done C. have done it D. havi ng it done答案選A，選項(xiàng)中的it指的是the computer，而不是指the work之類的。其中的 what

18、用作動(dòng)詞do的賓語。 句意為 人們要計(jì)算機(jī)做什么，它就做什么”。如何區(qū)分過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式都可表示被動(dòng)，但它們的用法上不同：過去分詞在表示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)通常還表示 完成，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式不表示完成，而是表示動(dòng)詞在進(jìn)行。比較：The pain ti ng stole n from the museum had not bee n found.博物館失竊的畫仍未找至 U。They found the wi ndow broke n.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶給砸碎了。（被未知人砸碎的）I saw him taken away by the police. 我看見他被警察帶走了。I

19、 saw him being taken away by the police. 我看至U他正被警察帶走。第一句用過去分詞，表明動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)被動(dòng)、已完成；第二句用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，表明動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。 另外，過去分詞還可以表示動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式一般不這樣用。如：The thief was brought in, his hands tied behind his back.小偷被帶了進(jìn)來，他的雙手被反綁在背后。句中的tied在此表示雙手被捆綁后的狀態(tài)，|若將句中的tied改為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式being tied，則表示 捆綁”當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，給人的感覺便是：小偷一邊被帶進(jìn)來，一

20、邊還有人在綁他的手。過去分詞可以用于表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)的條件狀語從句，但是現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式一般不這樣用。女口：United, we stand; divided, we fall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。句中的過去分詞 united和divided均表示條件，相當(dāng)于if we are united和if we are divided。此句我們不能說成:Being un ited, we sta nd; being divided, we fall.另外，單個(gè)的過去分詞可用于名詞前作定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式不能這樣用。如：A watched pot never boils .心急鍋不開。（諺

21、語）This is one of our required subjects. 這是我們的必修課之一。如果現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式要用作定語，必須置于被修飾名詞之后。如：Who is the woma n being operated on? 正在動(dòng)手術(shù)的女人是誰？I wasn' t interested in the question being discussed. 我對討論的問題不感興趣?，F(xiàn)在分詞完成式having+done只作狀語 表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間有一定得時(shí)間間隔。Having finished her work, she went home.她工作完成后就回家了

22、。Having failed twice, he did not want to try again.他已經(jīng)失敗了兩次，不想再試了。不定式省略to的基本規(guī)律一、使役動(dòng)詞后省略to的情況在let, make, have等使役動(dòng)詞后用作兵語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須省略 the film.我媽媽不會(huì)讓我去看電影的。to。如：My mother wouldn ' t let me go toI don ' t like milk, but mother made me drink it我不喜歡牛奶，可是母親強(qiáng)迫我喝。I would have him wait for me at the ga

23、te of the park.我要他在公園門口等我。注意：1.當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中省略的to（主要是指make，let和have很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）。2. force, oblige等雖然也表示“使”，但它們后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須帶to。如：He forced me to go with them.他迫使我同他們一起去。The police obliged him to leave.警方強(qiáng)迫他離開。二、感覺動(dòng)詞后省略 to的情況在感覺動(dòng)詞后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須省略to。如：I watched her get into the car.我看著她上了車。I saw

24、 the woma n en ter a bank.我看見這個(gè)女人進(jìn)了一家銀行。 We ofte n hear her sing this song.我們經(jīng)常聽到她唱這首歌。Did you notice her leave the house?她離開屋子你注意到了嗎1. 這里所說的感覺動(dòng)詞主要包括see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等。但是它們用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式必須帶to。如：The woma n was see n to en ter a bank.有人看見這個(gè)女人進(jìn)了一家銀行。但是，用于以上句型的動(dòng)詞notice和watch通常不用于被動(dòng)

25、語態(tài)。2. 類似地，動(dòng)詞look at和listen to后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式也不帶to。如：We listened to the old man tell his story.我們聽這位老人講述他的經(jīng)歷。3. 若動(dòng)詞feel后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式為to be，則要帶to（其他情況不帶to）。如：They felt the plan to be unwise.他們認(rèn)為這個(gè)計(jì)劃不明智。4. 若不定式為完成式，通常應(yīng)帶to。如：I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她來得很早。三、動(dòng)詞help后省略to的情況在動(dòng)詞help后用作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以

26、不帶to。如：Can I help (to) carry this heavy box?我可以幫忙扛這個(gè)重箱子嗎?Mother helped me (to) do my homework.媽媽幫助我做作業(yè)。1. 當(dāng)help之后接一個(gè)較長的名詞詞組作賓語或當(dāng)其中的不定式所表示的動(dòng)作主語不直接參加時(shí)，不定式通常帶to。如：Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 請幫大廳后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。These tablets will help you to sleep.這些藥片將對你的睡眠有幫助。2

27、. 在當(dāng)help用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前的to不能省略。如：The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins.那男孩由一個(gè)婦女幫他撿拾散亂一地的錢幣。四、why (not)后省略to的情況在why (not)?之后的不定式不能帶 to。如：Why go with him?為什么要同他一起去？Why not ask the teacher?為什么不去問問老師？Why not try to expa nd your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事擴(kuò)展成小說呢？五、動(dòng)詞know后省略to的情況在“kn

28、ow+賓語+不定式”中，不定式有時(shí)省略to,有時(shí)不省，可分以下兩種情況討論：1. 若know為現(xiàn)在式，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式只限于to be,且其中的to不能省略。如：I know him to be ill.我知道他病了。We kn ew her to be hon est.我們知道她是誠實(shí)的。2. 若know為完成式或過去式，則該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式可以用除to be外的其他動(dòng)詞，且此時(shí)其中的to可以省留。如：I never knew him (to) do such a thing.我從未聽說他會(huì)干那種事。we ve never known him (to) tell a lie.我們從未聽說他撒過

29、謊。I ' ve never known it (to) snow in July before.我從未聽說過有七月下雪的事。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不定式前的to不能省略。這樣用的know不僅僅表示一般意義的“知道”，而是表示一種經(jīng)歷，因此常譯為“曾過”(用于肯定句時(shí))或“(從來)沒有過”(用于否定句時(shí))。六、介詞except / but后省略to的情況用作介詞except, but賓語的不定式有時(shí)帶to，有時(shí)不帶to。其大致原則是：若其前出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞do，其后的不定式通常不帶to;若其前沒有出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞do,則其后的不定式通常帶to。如：I had no choice but to wait.除了

30、等，我沒有別的選擇。He wan ted n othi ng but to stay there.他只想留在那兒。It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生氣外，沒產(chǎn)生任何效果。She can do everyth ing except cook.除了做飯之外她什么都會(huì)。七、主語帶do表語省略to的情況當(dāng)主語部分有動(dòng)詞 do的某種形式時(shí)，用作表語的不定式可以省略to。如：All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你現(xiàn)在要做的只是把這張表填好。The only thi ng to do now is (

31、to) go on.前進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。What I 'do is (to) tell her the truth.我要做的就是告訴她真相。八、并列不定式省略to的情況當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)作用相同的不定式并列時(shí)，通常只需在第一個(gè)不定式前用to，其余不定式前的to可以省略。如：He told me to stay there and wait for him.他叫我在那兒等他。I ' m really puzzled what to think or say我真不知該怎么想怎么說。It is easier to persuade people tha n (to) force them

32、.說服人容易，強(qiáng)迫人難。但是，如果兩者有對比關(guān)系，則后面不定式前的to不可省略。如：To try and fail is better than not to try at all.嘗試而失敗總比不嘗試好。九、省略不定式是否保留to在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，有時(shí)不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符號(hào)to。如：I shall go if I want to.如果我想去就去?！?Don' t be late. ”"I '不!要來晚了。”“我盡量不來晚?！盌on' t go till I tell you to.等我叫你走你再走。注意：1.若被省略的不定式為to

33、 be短語，則通常應(yīng)保留to be。如：He is not the man he used to be.他已不是原來的那個(gè)樣子了。2. 有時(shí)省略不定式時(shí)，同時(shí)也可省略to。如：She may go if she likes (to).她想去就可以去。“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法“get+過去分詞”是一個(gè)比較常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，但許多初學(xué)者對該結(jié)構(gòu)的用法并不是很熟悉，尤其是不知道它與 普通的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有何區(qū)別，不知道其中的“過去分詞”是否有什么限制。本文特對此作一些簡單的歸納，希 望對初學(xué)者的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。一、基本用法在口語中，過去分詞之前常用get代替be,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：I tried to

34、find my way round London without a map and got lost.我試圖不帶地圖在倫敦尋路，結(jié)果迷路了。I never drank in order to get drunk.我喝酒從來不是為了要買醉。We were surprised at the news that she got divorced.聽到她離婚的消息，我們都很驚訝。二、用法歸納能夠用于get后構(gòu)成被語態(tài)的 過去分詞不多，常見的有 arrested, broke n, caught, cheated, con fused, delayed, divorced, dressed, drow

35、ned, drunk, elected, engaged, hit, killed, lost, married, stuck 等。這類結(jié)構(gòu)的主要用法如下： I got dressed as quickly as I could.我盡快穿好衣服。I got caught in the deluge on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到傾盆大雨。I got drunk for the first time in my life last night.昨晚我有生以來第一次喝醉了。She nearly got hit by a car.她差點(diǎn)被汽車撞上了。Don' t play

36、 with kn ives.You might get hurt.不要玩刀子，說不定會(huì)傷著自己。Happily none got killed in that accide nt.幸虧那起車禍沒有造成死亡。I gave you a map so you wouldn'我給你一張地圖 這樣你就不會(huì)迷路了。They were walk ing out for years before they got married. 他們戀愛多年才結(jié)婚。三、與“ be+過去分詞”的區(qū)別區(qū)別一 ：“ be +過去分詞”多用來表示一般的動(dòng)作或情況，而“get +過去分詞”則多用于 表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或動(dòng)作變化的

37、逐漸性。女口：The food was burnt.食物被燒了。The food will get burnt if you don' t take it away f如果你ef把食物從火上拿開，就會(huì)被燒掉。區(qū)別二：“be +過去分詞”的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而“get +過去分詞”的進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生。如：He is being punished by his father.他父親正在懲罰他。Being punished by his father, he is just still there.The water in the river is getti ng pollu

38、ted. 河里的水即將被污染。區(qū)別三：“get +過去分詞”表示突然發(fā)生而未曾料到的情況，雖可表示狀態(tài)，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而“be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”多表示狀態(tài)。如：My watch got broke n while I was playi ng with the childre n.我跟孩子們玩的時(shí)候把表弄壞了。Never touch an electric wire whe n it is broke n. 絕不要?jiǎng)訑嗔说碾娋€。have+賓語+過去分詞該結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞也用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其中的have也是使役動(dòng)詞。用法如下：1. 表示請人做某事：即表示請別人做某事，自己并不參與，注意過去分詞

39、所表示的被動(dòng)意味。如：We had the machine repaired.我們請人修理了機(jī)器。Can I have this parcel weighed here?我可以在這兒稱一下這個(gè)包裹嗎？I want to have my daughter educated in England. 我想讓我女兒在英國受教育。2. 表示經(jīng)歷或遭遇：主要用來表示遭遇令句子主語不愉快的事。如：He had his arm broke n.他的手臂摔斷了。He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗戶給打破了。3. 表示主動(dòng)完成：即表示句子主語主動(dòng)地完成某動(dòng)作或解決某事。如

40、：We now have the problem solved.我們現(xiàn)已把這個(gè)問題解決了。I' ve had all my mistakes corrected.我已把所有的錯(cuò)誤都改正過來了。4. 表示容忍或允許：表示容忍或允許某人做某事，多用于否定句，尤與 won' t, can' t連用。如:I won ' t have anything said against her.我不允許誰說她的壞話。I refuse to have my house used as a hotel.我不愿意讓我的家給弄得像旅館似的。非謂語動(dòng)詞專練（一）1. Tell Mary t

41、hat there's some onefor her at the door.A. waiti ng B. waited C. waits D. to wait2. There is a big dogto a fence outside the house.A. tyi ngB. tiedC. to tie D .ties3. Thewaiter came up to us and said, "You are welcome."A. smili ngB. smiled C. smile D. to smile4. the early train, you

42、9;ll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.A. Catchi ng B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch5. There, in the corner, sat three girls,.A. sewB. were sew ing C. to sewD. sew ing6. Whether it will do us harm remains.A. see n B. see ing C. being see n D. to be see n7. Whom would you rather havewith you, him

43、 or me?A. to be gone B. gone C. going D. go8. The power statio n keeps the villageswith electricity.A. supplied B. to supply C. suppl ying D. hav ing supplied9. The path in the park looked beautiful,withleaves.A. covered; falli ng B. covered; falle n C. coveri ng; falli ng D. coveri ng, falle n10.1

44、won't go to the party even i.A. in vit ing B. being in vited C. in vited D. hav ing in vited11. All work is pleasa ntwhe n the habit of work ing is formed.A. done B. doing C. to do D. to be done12. The man in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor.A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore13. Peopl

45、e are talking about the new play in two weeks.A. to be put on B. to put on C. being put on D. put on14. The man in the chair asked me to .A. seated; seated B. sitting; sitting C. seating; seat D. seated; be seated15.I happened with him when he was hit by a stone.A.I was talking B. talking C. to talk

46、 D. to be talking16. We are not sure which restaurant tonight.A. eating at B. for eating C. to eat at D. we eat17. The way Della thought of enough money was to sell her beautiful hair.A. got B. to be got C. to get D. get18. A phone call sent him to the hospital.A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurry D. hu

47、rried19. My work , I went home .A. had been done B. done C. having done D. to be done20. You can close your umbrella. The rain seems .A. stopping B. to stop C. to have stopped D. having stopped21.I rushed there in a taxi only the library.A. finding; closed B. finding; shut C. to find; close D. to fi

48、nd; closed22. Many things impossible in the past are common today.A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. being considered23. He must have gone out. I heard the noise of the door when I was still in bed.A. being locked B. to lock C. locking D. having locked24. As a boy, he was hard all day lo

49、ng.A. made to work B. to make working C. made working D. to make work25. Thelook on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.A. exciting B. tired C. tiring D. excited26. a nurse, she knew how to take care of a patient.A. Been B. Being C. To be D. Be27. twice,he didn't want to try again.A.

50、Failed B. Failing C. Having failed D. To fail28. by the police again, the thief hung his head.A. Being caught B. Caught C. Having caught D. To be caught29. the road, be careful.A. While crossing B. When cross C. Crossed D. Being crossed30. Hearing the news, we all felt .A. encouraging; encouraging B

51、. encouraged; encouragedC. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged31. There seemed nothing else to do but a doctor.A. to send for B. to call for C. send for D. to call in32. a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivi ng B. Receivi ng not C. Not havi ng received D. Having received n

52、ot33.She went out,her baby by itself.A. left B. leavi ng C. havi ng left D. to leave34. Rather thanon a crowded bus, he always prefersa bicycle.A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding35. The computer cen ter,last year, is very popular among the stude nts in this school.A. o

53、pe n B. ope ning C. havi ng ope ned D. ope ned36. The sentence n eedsonce more.A. expla ined B. explai ning C. being expla ined D. to expla in37. There was a terrible no isethe sudde n burst of light.A. followed B. to be followed C. following D. being followed38.1'm sorry I forgothim about it, so he di