1、1The LoonsMargaret Laurence吳欣榮吳欣榮2123Detailed introduction of rhetoric devicesShare some beautiful paragraphs in The LoonsAnalogy or SymbolismStructure3Simile Grandmother MacLeod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo麥克里麥克里奧祖母那清秀的臉上此時顯得像玉石雕像般的冷奧祖母那清秀的臉上此時顯得像玉石雕像般的冷峻峻(Page194 Para12) At ni

2、ght the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.夜間的湖面看起來像一塊夜間的湖面看起來像一塊黑色玻璃，只有一線水面因映照著月光才呈現(xiàn)出黑色玻璃，只有一線水面因映照著月光才呈現(xiàn)出琥珀色琥珀色 (Page198 Para39) The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder電唱機播放出雷聲般的音樂電唱機播放出雷聲般的音樂 (Page199 Para48)4 Through the filigree of the spruce tr

3、ees 透過一層云杉樹葉織成的透過一層云杉樹葉織成的絲簾絲簾 (page195 Para17) It seemed to me daughter of the forest,a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds 在我看來，在我看來，皮格特一定可以算是森林的女兒，是蠻荒世界皮格特一定可以算是森林的女兒，是蠻荒世界的小預(yù)言家。的小預(yù)言家。 (Page196 Para22) I tried another line 我試著改用另一我試著改用另一種策略種策略(page197 Para30) Metaphor5 Plaintive , and yet with

4、 a quality of chilling mockery, those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (Page198 Para40)Metonymy 那種悲涼之中又帶著冷嘲的聲調(diào)屬那種悲涼之中又帶著冷嘲的聲調(diào)屬于另外一個遙遠的世界，于另外一個遙遠的世界，那世界與那世界與我們這個有著避暑別墅和居家燈火我們這個有著避暑別墅和居家燈火的美好世界相隔不下億萬年之遙的美好世界相隔不下億萬年之遙。 I

5、mply the human civilization6 Definition:借喻不直接說出所要說的事物借喻不直接說出所要說的事物, ,而使用另而使用另一個與之相關(guān)的事物名稱一個與之相關(guān)的事物名稱. I.以容器代替內(nèi)容以容器代替內(nèi)容,例如例如: 1.The kettle boils. 水開了水開了. 2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐著全屋人安靜地坐著. II.以資料以資料.工具代替事物的名稱工具代替事物的名稱,例如例如: Lend me your ears, please. 請聽我說請聽我說. . III.以作者代替作品以作者代替作品,例如例如: a comple

6、te Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集莎士比亞全集 VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣我有力氣, ,他們就用我的力氣賺錢他們就用我的力氣賺錢. .Metonymy7 dressesthatwerealwaysmilestoolong.長得極不合體長得極不合體 (Page193 Para3) thosevoicesbelongedtoaworldseparatedbyaeonsfromourneatworld.那種悲涼之中又帶著冷嘲的聲那種悲涼之中又帶著冷嘲

7、的聲調(diào)屬于另外一個遙遠的世界，那世界與我們這調(diào)屬于另外一個遙遠的世界，那世界與我們這個有著避暑別墅和居家燈火的美好世界相隔不個有著避暑別墅和居家燈火的美好世界相隔不下億萬年之遙下億萬年之遙 （page198 Para40） Hyperbole8 A couple of months rest would give that bone a much better chance好好休養(yǎng)兩個月會使她的骨病治好好休養(yǎng)兩個月會使她的骨病治愈的希望大大增加愈的希望大大增加 (Page193 Para6) The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping正

8、朝著我們嘁嘁喳正朝著我們嘁嘁喳喳地亂叫喳地亂叫 (Page195 Para17) The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs鉆石湖的水鉆石湖的水源自山泉，因此湖水總是冰涼的源自山泉，因此湖水總是冰涼的 (Page196 Para23)Personification9 I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.我我很慚愧，為自己的怯懦和知難而退的性格很慚愧，為自己的怯懦和知難而退的性格而感到

9、慚愧。而感到慚愧。 (page201 Para58) Shed put on an awful lot of weight, and she looked a mess.(Page202 Para69)她發(fā)胖了許多，看上去亂七八糟她發(fā)胖了許多，看上去亂七八糟的的Transferred epithet10 My brother meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.(page195 Para17) Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded

10、and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.她那揭下面具和保護罩她那揭下面具和保護罩的臉上露出的是一副堅強不屈、敢于挑戰(zhàn)的臉上露出的是一副堅強不屈、敢于挑戰(zhàn)一切的神色，她的眼神里也透出一種強烈一切的神色，她的眼神里也透出一種強烈得令人害怕的渴望得令人害怕的渴望 (Page201 Para60)Transferred epithet11The Loons1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.( .(部分代整體部分代整體)thedamnbonesflaredupa

11、gain.（Page193 Para4 )2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般特殊代一般)3.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整體（整體代部分）代部分）SynecdocheUse the bone stands for the tuberculosis of the bone (整體代部分整體代部分)Synecdoche 提喻提喻 12 39 At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path o

12、f the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars. (page198 Para39)Some paragraphs in The Loons夜間的湖面看起來像一塊黑色玻璃，只有夜間的湖面看起來像一塊黑色玻璃，只有一線水面因映照著月光才呈現(xiàn)出琥珀色，一線水面因映照著月光才呈現(xiàn)出琥珀色，湖的周圍到處密密叢叢地生長著高大的云湖的周圍到處密密叢叢

13、地生長著高大的云杉樹，在寒光閃爍的星空映襯下，云杉樹杉樹，在寒光閃爍的星空映襯下，云杉樹的枝椏呈現(xiàn)出清晰的黑色剪影。的枝椏呈現(xiàn)出清晰的黑色剪影。metaphor13 49 She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were still heavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displa

14、yed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.小時候她長得就不漂亮，現(xiàn)在也還一樣，她的五官粗糙、呆板。但是，她那雙烏黑、稍稍斜視的眼睛卻是美麗的。而且，一條緊身裙和一件桔黃色毛衣將她那柔軟、苗條的身材襯托得恰到好處，令人羨慕。 Alliteration14 74 I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to fin

15、d such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.我不知道那些鳥兒究竟遭到我不知道那些鳥兒究竟遭到了何種命運。也許它們?nèi)ヒ涣撕畏N命運。也許它們?nèi)ヒ粋€遙遠的地方找到了棲身之個遙遠的地方找到了棲身之地，也許它們找不到這樣的地，也許它們找不到這樣的地方，于是把生死也不再放地方，于是把生死也不再放在心上，就這樣自生自滅了。在心上，就這樣自生自滅了。Analogy Symbolismor15 象征手法是根據(jù)事物之間的某種聯(lián)系，借助某人某物的具象征手法是根據(jù)

16、事物之間的某種聯(lián)系，借助某人某物的具體形象（象征體），以表現(xiàn)某種抽象的概念、思想和情感。體形象（象征體），以表現(xiàn)某種抽象的概念、思想和情感。它是以具體事物去表現(xiàn)某種抽象意義或不便表達的意義的它是以具體事物去表現(xiàn)某種抽象意義或不便表達的意義的一種文學(xué)手法。一種文學(xué)手法。象征是一種藝術(shù)手法，它和比喻修辭手法象征是一種藝術(shù)手法，它和比喻修辭手法有相似之處。有相似之處。正如正如比喻要求喻體和被喻事物之間要有某種比喻要求喻體和被喻事物之間要有某種相似的特點一樣，象征也要求象征之物與被象征之物之間相似的特點一樣，象征也要求象征之物與被象征之物之間有某種相似的特點，有某種相似的特點，從而可以讓人引起由此及彼

17、的聯(lián)想。從而可以讓人引起由此及彼的聯(lián)想。這是一種隱晦、含蓄而又能使讀者產(chǎn)生體會愉悅的美感的這是一種隱晦、含蓄而又能使讀者產(chǎn)生體會愉悅的美感的技巧。技巧。 另外，另外，象征是針對全篇而言象征是針對全篇而言，而，而比喻是針對某一句而言比喻是針對某一句而言；運用運用象征手法的文章中是不會出現(xiàn)本體的象征手法的文章中是不會出現(xiàn)本體的，而，而比喻往往是比喻往往是會出現(xiàn)本體的會出現(xiàn)本體的。象征是在不能、不敢、不愿的前提下，運。象征是在不能、不敢、不愿的前提下，運用的寫作手法，而比喻的目的只是為了是句子更加生動形用的寫作手法，而比喻的目的只是為了是句子更加生動形象，屬于修辭手法。象，屬于修辭手法。symbol

18、ism16 Analogy(類比)：Analogy is a special form of comparison which draws parallel similarities between two unlike things (or the two unlike things have several similar properties). All metaphors and similes are based on analogy. But an analogy compares two things not only in one aspect as a simile or a

19、 metaphor does, but also taps between the two things as many similarities as possible and then develops them so as to make the comparisons more outstanding and effective. The more points of similarity, the stronger the analogy. These points of similarity are made explicit, not left to the readers im

20、agination.Definitionone17Analogy is usually constructed in the following patterns:1）A is to B as C is to D Food is to man as fuel is to engine2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B)Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.3）(Just) as

21、AB, (so) CD (or: so CD, just as AB)（Just）as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, (so) no lies can cover up facts.4) If A were B, C wouldDPatternsTwo18類比與明喻、暗喻的比較明喻、暗喻類比句子結(jié)構(gòu)作用在相似的一點上進行比較在幾個共同特性或相似點的兩件不同事物之間進行平行比較通過描述、闡明和說明來提高效果和增強主題用勸說或解釋說明一種觀點或思想Three19Distinguish simile, metaphor from analogy1）Jim wormed his way through the thicket towards the forest. (metaphor)2）As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. (analogy)3）My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a che