1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（九）連詞連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。第一類表示并列關(guān)系的連詞1） and 和判斷改錯(cuò)：（ 錯(cuò) ） They sat down and talk about something.（錯(cuò)） They started to dance and sang.（ 錯(cuò) ） I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.（ 對(duì) ） They sat down and talked about someth

2、ing.（ 對(duì) ） They started to dance and sing.（ 對(duì) ）I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析：第一句： and 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked 。第二句： and 連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to ，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing 。第三句： and 連接感觀動(dòng)詞 saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為 whispering 。注意： 1. and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（ or 也有此用法）Make

3、up your mind, and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.One more effort, and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed2, A and B當(dāng)表示整體或者指同一人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),當(dāng)and連接的單數(shù)名詞前分別有 each， every， many 等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。bread and butter a knife and forkThe

4、 mother and teacher is very strict with her son.No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.3, and 連接的是兩個(gè)相同意思的詞，表示“漸漸” ，或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Read it again and again2) both and 兩者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.3) neithenor意思為"既不也不 "謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與 nor后的詞保持一Neither you nor he is to blame

5、.4) not only but (also)不但而且She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意：not onlybut also關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not而必須倒裝。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.5) as well as以及，也，與 同樣The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.比較 and 和 or1) 并

6、列結(jié)構(gòu)中， or 通常用于否定句， and 用于肯定句。2) 但有時(shí) and 也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用 or 連接， 但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。典型例題-I don't like chicken _ fish.-I don't like chicken, _ I like fish very much.A. and ； and B. and ； but C. or

7、； but D. or ； and答案C 。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。判斷改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò)) We will die without air and water.(錯(cuò)) We can't live without air or water.(對(duì) ) We will die without air or water.(對(duì) ) We can't live without air and water.第二類表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞1) or 意思為 "或則 "。Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ?2) eith

8、eror意思為"或者或者 "。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。Either you or I am right.3) or else/ otherwise 否則Be silent, or else you will be kicked out.I am tired, otherwise, I would play.第三類表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞1 ) but 但是while 然而，表示對(duì)比意味yet 然而however 然而，可是，不過(guò)He is rich but unhappy.Some people love cats, while others hate them.She

9、said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.She does not like him, however, I like him.2) notbut 意思為"不是 而是not 和 but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.典型例題- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- I'd like to, _ I'm too busy.A. and

10、 B. so C. as D. but答案D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)意。而表并列的and,結(jié)果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。第四類表因果關(guān)系的連詞1) for 因?yàn)?，做并列連詞使用時(shí)，是在對(duì)先行的句子補(bǔ)述原因或者理由，只可以連接句子與句子，通常不置于句首。He is absent today, for he is ill.2) so, therefore 因此He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.I think, therefore I am3) ) then 那么，因而Hide behind the wall, th

11、en they won t see you.注意：a.兩個(gè)并列連詞不能連用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列連詞連用。You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.b. although yet，但 although 不與 but 連用。(錯(cuò)) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work.(對(duì)) Although h

12、e was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.從屬連詞從屬連詞不同與并列連詞， 只能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句， 而不能引導(dǎo)詞或者詞組。 從屬連詞一般可以 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。第一類引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞1) that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不可以省略。He said (that) he would come.賓語(yǔ)從句His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 間接引語(yǔ)That she is still alive is true.主語(yǔ)從句2) if/whether 是否I wo

13、nder if he is at home.I ask him whether he would come.注意：只可以用 whether 的情況介詞后面It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow.whether or not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not.動(dòng)詞不定式前I don t know whether to accept his advice.第二類引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞1）連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞before 在之前after在一之后since 自從when/while 當(dāng) 一2）連接地

14、點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞The war had been over before he came to China.He came to China after the war was over.I have lived in this city since I was born.The teacher entered the classroom, when all the studentswere playingWhen I came into this room, I found him lying bed asleep ( while 后接的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞)as 當(dāng)I saw her a

15、s I was getting on the bus.till/until 直到 I didn t go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.as soon as 一 就 As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief run away.where 在哪里 There were lots of parks where I lived.3) 連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞because 原 因 , 用 于 解 釋 某 事 的 原 因 ， 動(dòng) 機(jī) ， 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 直 接 原 因 和 因 果 關(guān) 系I do it bec

16、ause I like it.for 表因?yàn)椋?表間接的原因， 用于說(shuō)明， 解釋 I soon went to sleep, for I was tiredsince表原因，比because弱，比as強(qiáng)，表一種已知的，顯然的理由，常譯為“既 然as 表原因時(shí)，意義最弱 As you are in poor health, you should do more exercises4) 連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞so that 如此 以至于 He is so kind that everybody likes him. such that He is such a kind man that ev

17、erybodylikes him5) 連接目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞that / so that / in order that 為了Speak clearly that/so that/ in order that they may understand you.6) 連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞if 如果unless 除非（如果不）in case 萬(wàn)一7）連接比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞than 比as/so as 和 一"樣If it rains tomorrow, we won t go on a picnic.He will come unless it rains.You may call this number in case I am not at homeIt s easier than I thought.She is as tall as you.He is not as/so tall