1、賓語(yǔ)從句Teaching Aims：讓學(xué)生通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句，能正確做題，并能在交際及寫(xiě)作中正確運(yùn)用。Main and Difficult Points:時(shí)態(tài)中的細(xì)化角度，以及含賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句。Analysis: 賓語(yǔ)從句在初中語(yǔ)法中是重點(diǎn)，中考選擇題必有一道。Teaching Procedure:1定義的角度：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。 eg I know you. (主+謂+賓） I know you are a student. (主+謂+賓語(yǔ)從句) 2 從解題的角度： 語(yǔ)序的角度：從句總是要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序（主謂不倒裝）What are they talking abo

2、ut ? I want to know. I want to know what they are talking about.How can I get to the train station ? Can you tell me? Can you tell me how I can get to the train station? 從時(shí)態(tài)的角度：a .如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)情況使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。I know you are a teacher. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) I know you were a teacher three years ago.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）I know you

3、will be a teacher next year. (一般將來(lái)時(shí))(主現(xiàn)從任) b.如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句就要根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)而用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。I heard you had a bad cold.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）He asked me what I was doing last night (過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))He told me that he had finished his homework last night.（過(guò)去完成）I knew you would be a teacher next year. (過(guò)去將來(lái))（主過(guò)從過(guò)）c.如果從句是客觀真理時(shí)，它永遠(yuǎn)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。T

4、he teacher tells/told that the earth moves around the sun. （主任從現(xiàn)）注意：時(shí)態(tài)：十二字方針：主過(guò)從過(guò)，主現(xiàn)從任，主任從現(xiàn) 從連接詞的角度：a 當(dāng)陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that連接，而且that可省略You are a student. (改為賓語(yǔ)從句） I know (that) you are a student 注意：that不可省略的情況1. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是that時(shí)Eg：She told me that that was a useful book. 2.有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)可以省略，其他不可以Eg: She sai

5、d(that) the film was interesting and that she enjoyed seeing it. 3.在主從復(fù)合句中（that引導(dǎo)的賓從中又含有從句時(shí)that 一般不省略）Eg : Im afraid that if you lose the book youll pay for it. I think that if you study hard you will pass the test.4.主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Eg: He told me ,believe it or not ,that he would buy a car.5.當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替

6、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Eg: They make it clear to the public that they do an important job.b 當(dāng)一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if 或whether連接. Are you a student? I wonder. I wonder if /whether you are a student.Does he like learning English? Do you know? Do you know if/whether he likes learning English?注意:下列情況一般用whether 不用ifl 后接or

7、 not 時(shí)只用whetherEg:I dont know whether she will come or not.l 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Eg: I am interested in whether you like English. I am worried about whether I hurt his feelings.Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on timel 后接to 的不定式Eg: Im uncertain whether to go or notl 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether.如：Pl

8、ease let me know if you like the book可理解為： Please let me know whether you like the book請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書(shū)。 If you like the book please let me know你如果喜歡這本書(shū)，請(qǐng)告訴我l whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。l 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question

9、她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽補(bǔ)充；只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1.if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2.if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時(shí)Eg :He talks as if he has known all about it.c 當(dāng)特

10、殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用疑問(wèn)詞作連接詞（即保留疑問(wèn)詞不變）;常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞（ what ,who ,which, whom, whose）和疑問(wèn)副詞（when , where ,how, why）Where are you going? I dont know. I dont know where you are going. 連接代詞：who ,whom, whose ,which ,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。Do you know who has won Red Alert game? The book will show you what the best

11、CEOs should know.Have you determined which you should buy ,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 連接副詞有：when, where ,why ,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 注意：語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序附加1祈使句變?yōu)榉侵^

12、語(yǔ)：“Dont play football in the street,” teacher said.(變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)句子）Teacher told us not to play football in the street.祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)句子往往用固定句型：tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 附加2 含賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句a 一般情況下，反意疑問(wèn)句部分的主謂跟主句保持一致。He thinks that you are a good man, doesnt he? b .當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)“I”時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主謂應(yīng)跟從句保持一致I think that you ar

13、e a good man, arent you?c .當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think believe suppose expect等表示“認(rèn)為，想法”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常有否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即用否定主句來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)從句的否定，所以，要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句。I dont think that you are a good student, are you ? I dont believe that man is killed by Jim ,is he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?I expect our English teache

14、r will be back this weekend, wont she/he?另外，如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等相當(dāng)于肯定，后面反疑問(wèn)句用否定，如Tom is unhappy today ,isnt he?),其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式. We find that he never/hardly listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 附加3：賓語(yǔ)從句中的陷阱題（容易出錯(cuò)的題）1.Could you tell me_? A when you will s

15、end the fridge to our house B when will you send the fridge to our house C when you would send the fridge to our house D when would you send the fridge to our house 正確答案為A。很多同學(xué)看到could，就認(rèn)為主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以選了C。實(shí)際上could you tell me (你能告訴我嗎)表示的是一種委婉的語(yǔ)氣，而不是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)！2. He asked me_? A what was the wrong B what the w

16、rong was C what the wrong is D what is the wrong 正確答案是A 。很多同學(xué)誤選B。實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的原形是Something is wrong. 對(duì)主語(yǔ)的提問(wèn)變?yōu)閣hat is wrong? 也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)并不存在主謂倒裝，所以語(yǔ)序無(wú)需調(diào)動(dòng)。3. I dont know_? A what should I do B how should I do C what to do D how to do正確答案是C。很多同學(xué)誤選D。實(shí)際上do是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面要接賓語(yǔ)，所以用what作其賓語(yǔ)。how只能作狀語(yǔ)練習(xí)題：1. Could you te

17、ll me _the bike without any help this morning? A how does he mend B how he mends C how he mended D how did he mend 2. I want to know_ A what is his name B whats his name C that his name is D what his name is 3.Jim doesnt understand_ A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 4.Mr Smith asked us why _to school last week. A. didnt Ann goB. Ann didnt go C. Ann not to go D. Ann doesnt go5-Could you tell us how long _? -A