1、哈佛精英英語學(xué)科九年級(jí)定語從句講義知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：定語從句的概念1、 定語：定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。例題講解：You are a beautiful girl.（修飾girl） He is a kind man.(修飾man) I am an English teacher.（修飾teacher）2、 從句：由連詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)句子定語從句在句子中作定語，用來修飾一個(gè)名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句3. 先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞；在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞語可分為“關(guān)系代詞”和“關(guān)系副詞

2、”。例題講解：The girl sitting here is my sister. The girl who is sitting here is my sisiter. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：. 關(guān)系代詞（九九歸一）關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why。<>注

3、意：關(guān)系副詞里面沒有how。如果要修飾方式，用that或in which引導(dǎo)，或者不用引導(dǎo)詞。I dont like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜歡他看我的那個(gè)樣子。限制性定語從句1、關(guān)系代詞：thatthat多用來指物，有時(shí)也可以用來指人；在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時(shí)候多用that，也可用which。例題講解：Its a question that (which) needs careful consideration.這是一個(gè)需要仔細(xì)考慮的問題。（指物，作為主語。）Who is the man that is reading a mag

4、azine under the tree?樹下那個(gè)在看雜志的那個(gè)人是誰？（指人，作為主語。）The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Toms sister.我們昨天看到的那個(gè)女孩是湯姆的妹妹。（指人，作賓語，可省略。）2、關(guān)系代詞：whichwhich指物，在從句中作為主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)在非正式語體中可以省略。例題講解：They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他們需要一種不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（主語）The farm (which) we visited yesterd

5、ay is located in the suburb of Beijing.我們昨天參觀的農(nóng)場位于北京郊區(qū)。（作賓語，可省略。）3、that VS which在以下的情況中，只能用that作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用which作引導(dǎo)詞。1）. 先行詞為all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代詞時(shí)。All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的是訓(xùn)練。everything等為先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。Have you everything you need? 你要的東西都有了嗎？Is there anything I

6、can do for you? 有什么事要我做嗎？All you have to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下電鈕。2）. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這是我看過的電影中最好的一部。3）. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)this is the first book that I bought myself.4）. 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

7、他們談?wù)撍麄儏⒂^過的那些學(xué)校和老師們。5）.主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.6）.如有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)已用which引導(dǎo),另一個(gè)宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before7）.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book (that)

8、there is on the subject.8)當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the last, the next, the only 等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.只能使用which的情況。1）非限制性定語從句中。e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2）在介詞之后。e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.3）當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時(shí)。e.g. That dog which I found in t

9、he street belongs to Mary.課堂練習(xí)：1.Whos the comrade _ you just shook hands with? 2.The newly built café,the walls of_ are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.3. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 4. He is the only man _ I can fin

10、d for the work. 5Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.6. You must watch carefully everything _ the teacher does in class. 7. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.8.The last place _ 

11、we visited in the countryside was a farm.4.、關(guān)系代詞：who關(guān)系動(dòng)詞who在從句中主要作為主語，在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語。He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要見你的那個(gè)人。（who在句中作為主語）Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent. 成功將歸于誠實(shí)而勤奮的人。5、 關(guān)系代詞：whom例題講解：He is the man whom I saw in the

12、 park yesterday.他就是我昨天在公園里見到的那個(gè)人。（whom在從句中作賓語）作賓語用的引導(dǎo)詞可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改寫如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.課堂練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything

13、 in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？6.、關(guān)系代詞：whose用來指人或物（只能用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例題講解：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，他們跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which

14、) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。1. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.   A. that                B. wh

15、ich      C. whose              D. what 2. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.    

16、0; A. that         B. which         C. whose      D. What知識(shí)點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系副詞牢記關(guān)系詞三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句  2、代替先行詞  3、在其所定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞在從

17、句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或定語 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語    關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞    why  =for which               where =in/ at/ on/ . which

18、60;(介詞同先行詞搭配)     when  =during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) 例題講解：1. where指地點(diǎn)（用于先行詞是地點(diǎn)時(shí)），在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。      (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.&

19、#160;   (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  2. When指時(shí)間（用于先行詞是時(shí)間時(shí)）。在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。    (1) I still remember the day when I fir

20、st came to the school.    (2) The time when we got together finally came.  3. why指原因（通常是先行詞是reason時(shí)），在定語從句中做原因狀語。   (1) Please tell me the reason why you&#

21、160;missed the plane.    (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  4. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換    (1) The reason why/ for which he

22、0;refused the invitation is not clear,    (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

23、0;【注意】 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。  2）that前不能有介詞。  3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同定語從句中關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why互換。  This is the house in which I lived two years ago.  = This is the&#

24、160;house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?  = Do you remember the day when you joined our club?  

25、;This is the reason why he came late.  = This is the reason for which he came late.課堂練習(xí)：1. There are lots of things    I need to prepare before&#

26、160;the trip.    A. who           B. that            C. whom        D. whose 2. Jim d

27、islikes people _talk much but never do anything .    A.who        B.whom      C.whose 3.I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for hi

28、s holiday.  -Oh, how nice! Do you know when he_?    A.left       B.was leaving         C.has left      D.had&#

29、160;left 4. We are trying to help those children _ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.     A. which   B. when       &#

30、160;C. who    D. whose 5. Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom?    A.who        B.which   C.when 6. Smith hates&

31、#160;some persons _talk too much but do nothing.    A.whom   B.when   C.whose  D.who 7. The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.   -Ye

32、s. They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.    A.which       B.what   C./     D.who知識(shí)點(diǎn)五：非限制性定語從句 非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)

33、一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立     1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句        Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the ea

34、rthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然聳立，它是一百多年前建造的。)     3. 有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞 4. 在非限定性定語從句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.5.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。       Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, 

35、;retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。        This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。     6.非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 

36、對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，        He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。課堂練習(xí)：1. The place _interested me most was&

37、#160;the Children's Palace. A. Which    B. where   C. what   D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke   B. to who

38、 spoke   C. I spoke to   D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed       B. at that they stayed&

39、#160;  C. where they stayed at     D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which   B. that

40、   C. when   D. on which 5. That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which   B. on which   C. in which   D. when定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Sorry, we d

41、ont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. w

42、hen D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7.I shall never forget those years _

43、 I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D

44、. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D

45、. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong. A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who B. whom C. which D

46、. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother? A. who B. whom C. which D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk m

47、uch but do little. A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born. A. that B.

48、 which C. where D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. which B. whose C. that D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25.-Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Y

49、es, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose26.-Do you know everybody _ came to the party? -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door. A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom27.The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D

50、. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours. A. which B. they C. those D. what29.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions? A. who B. where C. that D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of

51、 the factory. A. where B. whose C. in which D. that 一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空： 1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day_   we met each othe

52、r last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family. 5. I

53、9;ll never forget the last day_ we spent together. 6. This is the school _I used to study.  7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week? 

54、8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China. 13. There was