1、常見電子專業(yè)術語中英文對照常見電子專業(yè)術語中英文對照常見英文縮寫解釋（按字母順序排列） ：ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit. 專用 ICCPLD: Complex Programmable Logic Device. 復雜可編程邏輯器件EDA: Electronic Design Automation. 電子設計 自動化FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array. 現(xiàn)場 可編程 門陣列GAL: Generic Array Logic. 通用陣列邏輯HDL: Hardware Description Langu

2、age. 硬件描 述語言IP: Intelligent Property. 智能模塊PAL: Programmable Array Logic. 可編程陣列 邏輯RTL: Register Transfer Level. 寄存器傳輸級描 述）SOC: System On a Chip. 片上系統(tǒng)SLIC: System Level IC. 系統(tǒng)級 IC VHDL: Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language. 超高速集成 電路硬件描述語言AASIC （專用集成電路）Application-Specific I

3、ntegrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip. 專用集成電路。一個在一個芯片上定制設計的 硬件。address bus （地址總線）A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripher als withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select aspecific memory location or regis

4、ter within a particular peripheral. If the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely address up to 2 such locations.一個連接處理器與所有外設的， 用來通訊的電子線路集。地址總線被處理器用來選擇在特定外 設中的存儲器地址或寄存器。如果地址總線有 n 條電子線路，處理器能唯一尋址高達2n的地址 空間。application software （應用軟件）Describes software modules specific to a

5、 particular embedded project. The application software is unlikely to be reusable across embedded platforms, simply because each embedded system has a different application. 用來描述一個特定的嵌入式項目中的某一軟 件模塊。應用軟件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式平 臺，只因為每一個嵌入式系統(tǒng)有不同的應用軟 件。assembler （匯編編譯器）A software development tool that translates h

6、uman-readable assembly language programs into machine-language instructions that the processor can understandand execute.一個能把可讀的匯編語言程序轉換到處理器可理解和運行的機器指令的軟件開發(fā)工具assembly Ianguage （匯編語言）A human-readable form of a processors instruction set. Most processor-specific functions must be written in assembly l

7、anguage.一種人可讀的處理器指令集的形式。 大多數(shù)處 理器相關的功能必須用匯編語言編寫。BBSP （板卡支持包）See board support package. 見 board support package 。binary semaphore（ 二元信號 ）A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex.一種只有兩種狀態(tài)的信號。也叫互斥信號。board support package （板卡支持包）Part of a software package that is processor or platfor

8、m-dependent. Typically, sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package.軟件包的具有平臺依賴性的那一部分。典型 地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發(fā)者提供。 樣例源程序必須能在需要時被修改、 編譯并與軟 件包的剩下的部分連接起來。

9、bond-out processor （外合處理器）A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals brought out to external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system.一種特殊版本的處理器， 它有一些， 內部的 信號能傳達到外置的針腳上。 一個外合處理器絕 大多數(shù)情況下只用在模擬器

10、上， 從來不會被特意 用在產品系統(tǒng)上。Breakpoint （斷點）A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of the processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing breakpoints are provided by most debugging tools.一個在程序中的地址， 在那里程序的執(zhí)行被 停止，并且處理器的控制轉換到了除錯程序。 大 多數(shù)除錯工具提供增加與刪除一個斷點的機制。

11、CCISC （復雜指令集計算機）Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors generally feature variable -length instructions, multiple addressing formats, and contain only a small number of gen eral -purpose registers .In tels 80x86 family is the quintessential

12、 example of CISC. Contrast with RISC.復雜指令集計算機。 對一種處理器架構的描 述。 CISC 處理器一般產生變的指令，多種地址 格式，并且僅僅有少量的通用寄存器。 Intel 的80x86 家族是是典型的 CISC 處理器。相對于 RISC 而言。CPU （中央處理器）Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes instructions. 中央處理器。處理器中執(zhí)行指令的那一部分。Compiler （編譯器）A software development tool that tr

13、anslates high- level language programs into the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute.把高級編程語言程序轉換到只有特定的處理 器能了解和執(zhí)行的機器指令的一種軟件開發(fā)包。context （上下文）The current state of the processors registers and flags.處理器當前的狀態(tài)和標志。context switch （上下文切換）The process of switchin

14、g from one task to another in a multitasking operating system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running ask and restoring the previously-saved context of the other. The piece of code that does this is necessarily processor-specific.在多任務操作系統(tǒng)中我一個任務切換到另一 個的過程。上下文切換包括保存正在運行的任務 的上下文和恢復

15、早先保存的另一個任務的上下 文。做這個工作的一段代碼必須具有處理器特 權。counting semaphore （計數(shù)信號）A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore.一種用來跟蹤多個相同類型資源的信號燈。 僅 僅在所有

16、可用的資源都被用完了時才阻塞。 相對 二元信號而言。critical section （臨界段）A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption to guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race condition.一段必須按次序執(zhí)行的代碼，并且不能被中 斷，否則不能保證軟件正確地操作。參照：競爭 狀況。cross-compiler （交叉編譯器）A compiler that runs on a different pl

17、atform than the one for which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target.一個運行在不同的平臺上的編譯器， 其中之 一能產生目標代碼。 交叉編譯器在主機上運行并 且產生目標機的目標代碼。DMA （直接內存訪問）Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals （usuall

18、y memory and an I/O device） with only minimal intervention by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA controller.直接內存訪問。 一種直接在兩個外設 （通常是 內存和 I/O 設備）之間進行數(shù)據傳輸?shù)募夹g，它 只要處理器最少的介入。 DMA 傳輸由叫 DMA 控制器的第三方外設進行管理。DRAM （動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器）Dynamic Random- Access Memory. A type of RAM tha

19、t maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals. The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controller.動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器。一種 RAM ，存儲在其 設備中的數(shù)據被定期刷新時才能保存它的內容。 刷新周期一般由一個叫 DRAM 控制器的外設完Data bus （數(shù)據總線）A set of electrical lines con

20、nected to the processor and all of the peripherals with which it communicates. When the processor wants to read （write） the contents of a memory location or register within a particular peripheral, it sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives （transmits） the contents on the data bus.連接處理器

21、與所有外設進行通訊的電子線路 集。當一個處理器想去寫（讀）某一特定外設中 的存儲器地址或寄存器中的內容時， 處理器設置 地址總線并在數(shù)據總線上接收（傳輸）內容。Deadline （死線）The time at which a particular set of computations must be completed. See also real-time system.一個特定計算必須被完成的時間。 請看實時系Deadlock （死鎖）An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, wa

22、iting for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock occurs, the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is usually possible to prevent deadlocks altogether by following certain software design practices. 一種不希望出現(xiàn)的軟件狀態(tài)，在這個狀態(tài)下， 所有的任務因為等待一個只有在這些被阻塞任 務之一才能產生的事件而被阻

23、塞。如果死鎖發(fā) 生，唯一解決的方法是重啟動硬件。但是，通過 可靠的軟件設計實踐活動通?？梢苑乐顾梨i的 發(fā)生。debug monitor （除錯監(jiān)視程序）A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as a debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and communicates with a debugger via a serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a s

24、et of primitive commands to view and modify memory locations and registers, create and remove breakpoints, and execute your program. The debugger combines these primitives to fulfill higher-level requests like program download and single-step.嵌入式軟件被特殊設計來作為除錯工具的一 部分。 它一般被放在 ROM 中，通過串口或網絡 與除錯器進行通訊。 除錯

25、監(jiān)視程序提供一個簡單 的命令集來顯示和內存地址和寄存器、 建立和移 除斷點， 并且運行你的程序。 除錯監(jiān)視器組合這 些簡單的命令去實現(xiàn)象程序下載各單步調試等 高端的請求。Debugger （除錯器）A software development tool used to test and debug embedded software. The debugger runs on a host computer and connects to the target through a serial port or network connection. Using a debugger you c

26、an download software to the target for immediate execution. You can also set breakpoints and examine the contents of specific memory locations and registers.一個軟件開發(fā)工具， 被用來對嵌入式軟件進行 測試和除錯。除錯器在宿主機上運行并且通過串 口或網絡連接到目標機上。 你能使用除錯器下載 軟件到目標機并直接運行。 你也可以設置斷點并 檢查特定內存地址或寄存器的內容。device driver （設備驅動程序）A software modu

27、le that hides the details of a particular peripheral and provides a high-level programming interface to it.一個軟件模塊，它隱藏特定外設的細節(jié)并提供 高級的外設編程接口。device programmer （設備編程器）A tool for programming non- volatile memories and other electrically-programmable devices. Typically, the programmable device is inserted

28、 into a socket on the device programmer and the contents of a memory buffer are then transferred into it.一種用來對不揮發(fā)內存和其他電可編程設備 進行編程的工具。 典型地，可編程設備被插到設備編程器的接口上， 接著內存緩存器中的內容被 傳送到它里面。digital signal processor （數(shù)字信號處理器）A device that is similar to a microprocessor, except that the internal CPU has been optim

29、ized for use in applications involving discrete -time signal processing. In addition to standard microprocessor instructions, DSPs usually support a set of complex instructions to perform common signal -processing computations quickly.Common DSP families are TIs 320Cxx and Motorolas 5600x series.一種類

30、似于微處理器的的設備，不同的是 它內部的 CPU 被優(yōu)化，用于特定的應用，如離 散信號處理。除了標準的微處理器指令外， DSP 常常支持復雜指令集去非常快地完成通用的信 號處理計算。通用 DSP 家庭是 TI 的 320Cxx 和 Motorola 的 5600x 系列。EEPROM （電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）Electrically Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. （PronouncedDouble-E-PROM.） A type of ROM that can be erased electronically.電可擦的，可編程的只讀存

31、儲器。一種 ROM 能被電擦除。EPROM （可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器） Erasable, Programmable Read- Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once erased, an EPROM can be reprogrammed with the help of a device programmer.一種可用紫外線擦除的存儲器。一次擦除后， EPROM 可以在設備編程器的幫助下被重編程。embedded system （嵌入式系統(tǒng)）A co

32、mbination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose compu

33、ter.計算機硬件和軟件的結合體， 或許還加上機 械等其他部分， 被設計來完成專門的功能。 在一 些情況下，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一個大的系統(tǒng)或產品的 一部分， 就象汽車上的防抱死裝置。 與通用計算 機相對。Emulator( 仿真器 )Short for In-Circuit Emulator (ICE). A debugging tool that takes the place of emulates the processor on your target board. Emulators frequently incorporate a special bond -out version of

34、 the target processor that allows you to observe and record its internal state as your program is executing.在線仿真器的簡寫。 一個在你的目標板上放置 仿真的處理器的調試工具。 仿真器經常和一目標 處理器的一種“外合”版本合在一起，這個版本 的的處理器充許你運行程序時觀察和記錄它的內部狀態(tài)Executable （可執(zhí)行的）A file containing object code that is ready for execution on the target. All that re

35、mains is to place the object code into a ROM or download it via a de bugging tool.一個包含準備在目標機上運行的目標代碼的 文件。放置目標代碼到 ROM 中或通過調試工具 下載。FFirmware （固件）Embedded software that is stored as object code within a ROM. This name is most common among the users of digital signal processors.是作為目標代碼存貯在 ROM 中的嵌入式 軟件。這

36、個名字在數(shù)字信號處理器的用戶中相當 流行。flash memory （閃存）A RAM- ROM hybrid that can be erased and rewritten under software control. Such devices are divided into blocks, called sectors, that are individually-erasable. Flash memory is common in systems that require nonvolatile data storage at very low cost. In some cas

37、es, a large fash memory may even be used instead of a disk-drive.一種 RAM-ROM 的混血兒，它能在軟件的 控制下被擦除和重寫。 一些設備被分成叫段組的 塊，能個別地可擦。 閃存用在需要很便宜的非易 失數(shù)據存貯器的地方， 一個大容量的閃存甚至被 用作磁盤驅動器。Ggeneral-purpose computer （通用計算機）A combination of computer hardware and software that serves as a general-purpose computing platform. F

38、or example, a personal computer. Contrast with embedded system. 當作通用計算平臺的計算機硬件與軟件的組合。例如，PC。相對于嵌入式計算機HHLLSee high-level language. 查閱高級語言。Heap （堆）An area of memory that is used for dynamic memory allocation. Calls to malloc and free and the C+ operators new and delete result in run-time manipulation o

39、f the heap. 一塊被用作動態(tài)內存分配的內存區(qū)域。調用 malloc 和 free、C+ 的操作符 new、delete 在運 行時進行堆的操作。high-level language （高級語言）A language, such as C or C+, that is processor- independent. When programming in a high-level language, it is possible to concentrate on algorithms and applications without worrying about the detai

40、ls of a particular processor.一種語言，象 C 或 C+ ，是處理器獨立的。 當在高級語言上編程時， 不需要考慮特定處理器 的細節(jié)，只用關心算法和應用。Host （主機）A general- purpose computer that communicates with the target via a serial port or network connection. This term is usually used to distinguish the computer on which the debugger is running from the em

41、bedded system that is being developed.一臺通用計算機，它通過串口或網絡連接與目 標機通訊。這處名詞一般用來區(qū)別調試程 序 運行的計算機和被開發(fā)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。IICEIn-Circuit Emulator. See emulator. 在線仿真器。查閱仿真器。I/O （輸入 /輸出）Input/Output. The interface between a processor and the world around it. The simplest examples are switches （inputs） and LEDs （outputs）.輸入/輸

42、出。處理器與外界的交互界面。最簡 單的例子是開關（輸入）和發(fā)光二級管（輸出） 。I/O device （IO 設備）A piece of hardware that interfaces between the processor and the outside world. Common examples are switches and LEDs, serial ports, and network controllers.一種介于處理器和外界之間的硬件設備。 一 般的實例是開關、 LED 、串口和網絡控制器。I/O map （I/O 映射）A table or diagram conta

43、ining the name and address range of each peripheral addressable by the processor within the I/O space. I/O maps are a helpful aid in getting to know the target.一張包含每個外設的名字和地址的表格或圖表，可由處理器在 I/O 空間中設定地址。 I/O 映 射對得知目標機情況非常有利。I/O space（ I/O 空間）A special memory region provided by some processors and gener

44、ally reserved for the attachment of I/O devices. Memory locations and registers within an I/O space can be accessed only via special instructions. For example, processors in the 80x86 family have special I/O space instructions called in and out. Contrast with memory space.一個由處理器提供的特殊內存區(qū)域， 一般為為 I/O 設

45、備的附件保留。在 I/O 空間的內存位置和 寄存器只能通過特殊的指定進行訪問。例如： 80X86 家族的處理器有叫做 in / out 的特殊的 I/O 空間指令。相對內存空間而言。ISR （中斷服務程序）See interrupt service routine.instruction pointer （指令指針）A register in the processor that contains the address of the next instruction to be executed. Also known as a program counter. 包含下一條要執(zhí)行指令地址的處

46、理器中的寄 存器。也叫程序計數(shù)器。Interrupt （中斷）An asynchronous electrical signal from a peripheral to the processor. When the peripheral asserts this signal, we say that an interrupt occurs. When an interrupt occurs, the current state of the processor is saved and an interrupt service routine is executed. When the

47、interrupt service routine exits, control of the processor is returned to whatever part of the software was previously running.一個從外設到處理器的異步電信號。 當外設發(fā) 出這個信號， 我們說一個中斷發(fā)生。 當一個中斷 發(fā)生，當前的處理器狀態(tài)被保存并且中斷服務程 序開始運行。 當中斷服務程序退出， 對處理器的 控制權轉到先前運行的那個軟件上。interrupt latency （中斷延遲）The amount of time between the assertion o

48、f an interrupt and the start of the associated interrupt service routine.在中斷發(fā)生和相關的中斷服務程序運行之間 的時間長短。interrupt service routine （中斷服務程序）A piece of software executed in response to a particular interrupt.響應特定中斷而運行的一小段軟件。interrupt type （中斷類型）A unique number associated with each interrupt.和每一個中斷相關聯(lián)的唯一數(shù)字。i

49、nterrupt vector （中斷向量）The address of an interrupt service routine. 中斷服務程序所在的地址。interrupt vector table （中斷向量表）A table containing interrupt vectors and indexed by interrupt type. This table contains the processors mapping between interrupts and interrupt service routines and must be initialized by the

50、 programmer.一個表格，包含由中斷類型決定的中斷向量 和索引。這個表格包含中斷與中斷服務程序之間 的處理器的映射，必須由程序員進行初始化。intertask communication （進程間通訊）A mechanism used by tasks and interrupt service routines to share information and synchronize their access to shared resources. The most common building blocks of intertask communication are sema

51、phores and mutexes.一種被用來在任務和中斷服務程序之間共 享信息和同步它們對共享資源訪問的機制。 大部 分進程間通訊的建立的基石是信號燈和互斥。KKernel （內核）An essential part of any multitasking operating system, the kernel contains just the scheduler and context-switch routine.任何多任務操作系統(tǒng)的本質部分， 內核僅僅包 含調度程序和上下文切換進程。LLinker （連接程序）A software development tool that ac

52、cepts one or more object files as input and outputs a relocatable program. The linker is thus run after all of the source files have been compiled or assembled.一種能把一個或更多目標文件組合成可輸入 和輸出的可重定位程序的開發(fā)工具。連接程 序在所有的源文件都被編譯或匯編之后運行。Locator （定位程序）A software development tool that assigns physical addresses to the

53、 elocatab le program produced by the linker. This is the last step in the preparation of software for execution by an embedded system and the resulting file is called an executable. In some cases, the locators function may be hidden with in the linker.一種分配物理地址給連接程序處理過的可重 定位程序的軟件開發(fā)工具。 這是準備一個軟件在 嵌入式系統(tǒng)

54、中運行的最后一步， 并且結果文件叫 做可執(zhí)行的。 在一些情況下， 定位程序功能隱藏 在連接程序中。logic analyzer （邏輯分析儀）A hardware debugging tool that can be used to capture the logic levels （0 or 1） of dozens, or even hundreds, of electrical signals in realtime. Logic analyzers can be quite helpful for debugging hardware problems and complex proc

55、essor-peripheral interactions.一種硬件調試工具， 能捕獲實時電信號的許多 邏輯電平（0 或 1），邏輯分析儀在調試硬件問題 和復雜的處理外設交互時相當有用。Mmemory map （內存映射）A table or diagram containing the name and address range of each peripheral addressable by the processor within the memory space. Memory maps are a helpful aid in getting to know the target

56、.一個在內存空間中的， 包含每個外設的名字和 可由處理器設置的地址范圍的表格或圖表。 內存 映射有助于了解目標機情況。memory-mapped I/O （內存映射 I/O ）An increasingly common hardware design methodology in which I/O devices are placed into the memory space rather than the I/O space. From the processors point of view, memory-mapped I/O devices look very much like

57、 memory devices.一種日益流行的硬件設計方法，在這種方法 中，I/O設備被放置在內存空間而不是I/O空間。 從處理器的觀點看， 內存映射 I/O 設備看上去很 象內存一樣。memory space （內存空間）A processors standard address space.Contrast with I/O space. 一個處理器的標準地址空間。相對 I/O 空間。Microcontroller （微控制器）A microcontroller is very similar to a microprocessor. The main difference is that

58、 a microcontroller is designed specifically for use in embedded systems Microcontrollers typically include a CPU, memory （a small amount of RAM and/or ROM）, and other peripherals on the same chip. Common examples are the 8051, Intels 80196, and Motorolas 68HCxx series.微控制器很像微處理器。 主要的差別在于微控 制器被特殊設計用在嵌入式系統(tǒng)中。 微控制器典 型地包括CPU、內存（很小的RAM或ROM ）, 還有其他的外設， 它們在同一塊芯片上。 常見的 例子是： 8051、 Intel80196 、 Motorola68HCxx 系列。Microprocessor （微處理器）A piece of silicon containing a general