1、必修四Unit 1 Great women and their achievements一、語言要點I單元要點預覽（旨在讓同學整體了解本單元要點）詞匯部分詞語辨析1. campaign / war / battle 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile 3. argue / debate詞形變化1. connect vt.連接；聯(lián)系；接通電話 vi.連接，銜接connection n.聯(lián)系，關系；連接2. argue vt.&vi.討論；辯論 argument n.c爭論；爭辯；3. crowd n. 人群，群眾；v. 聚集；擠滿；擠，推crowded adj.充

2、(擁)滿了的，擁擠的4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示inspiration n. 鼓舞；靈感inspired adj.受靈感啟示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的5. considerate adj.體貼的，體諒的consideration n.考慮，要考慮的事；體貼considerable adj.相當大(或多)的6. deliver vt.遞送(郵件)，接生；生(小孩)；發(fā)表(演說)delivery n.c,u投遞；演講deliverer 遞送者重點單詞 1. achievement n.C成就，功績 2. behave vt.&vi. 舉動；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)

3、3. observe vt. 觀察；觀測；遵守4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重視 5. argue vt.&vi. 討論；辯論；爭論 6. support vt.&n. 支持；擁護；支撐；贍養(yǎng)；給予幫助 同情等的人7. intend vt. 計劃；打算 8. deliver vt. 接生(小孩)，遞送，發(fā)表(演說) 重點詞組1. look down upon / on蔑視；瞧不起2. refer to 談到；查閱；參考；查詢；提及；指而言3. come across (偶然) 遇見；碰見4. carry on 繼續(xù)；堅持5. live/lead a.

4、life過著的生活重點句子1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them.重點語法主謂一致（見語法部分）II 詞語辨析 (旨在提

5、供完形填空所需材料) 1. campaign / war / battle 【解釋】war “戰(zhàn)爭”的總稱，一般包括多個戰(zhàn)役的大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)爭。battle “戰(zhàn)斗”，指有組織的武裝部隊之間的戰(zhàn)斗，有持續(xù)幾小時的，也有持續(xù)幾天的。campaign“戰(zhàn)役”，指在某一地區(qū)所進行的一連串有固定目的的軍事行動，規(guī)模比battle大；還用來表“政治或商業(yè)性的活動、競選活動”campaign for/against 從事運動【練習】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). They won the _ but lost the _. 2). The city hall is planning to start

6、 a _ against smoking.Keys: 1). battle; war 2). campaign 2. worth / worthy / worthwhile【解釋】worth 只能作表語，其后接錢數(shù)、名詞或及物動詞的動名詞的主動一般形式: be worth doingworthy可作表語，后接of+名詞/of+動名詞的被動形式/不定式的被動形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定語，“值得的”，“有價值的”：a worthy winner名副其實的贏家worthwhile可作表語和定語: a worthwhile

7、 job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing【練習】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). The necklace was _ 100 francs at most. 2). It s _ to discuss the question again.3). You would find it _ your while to come to the meeting.4). Can t you find something _ doing at all? The book is _ _ _ (很值得讀) a second time.5). This pla

8、ce of interest is worthy _ _ _ / _ _ _ /_ _ _ (參觀).Keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worth 4). worth; well worth reading 5). of a visit / of being visited / to be visited3. argue / debate【解釋】argue指某人堅持自己的主張，舉出事實和理由說服某人或反對其他方面的意見。debate指辯論者長在自己的立場公開爭論一個問題?！揪毩暋扛鶕?jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). We _ with her _ ho

9、w to go there. 2). They _ the case for hours.3). They _ the question openly.4). Last week, our class had a _ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.Keys: 1). argued; about 2). argued 3). debated 4). debate III 詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. connect vt.連接；聯(lián)系；接通電話 vi.連接，銜接connec

10、tion n.聯(lián)系，關系；連接2. argue vt.&vi.討論；辯論 argument n.c爭論；爭辯；3. crowd n. 人群，群眾；v. 聚集；擠滿；擠，推crowded adj.充(擁)滿了的，擁擠的4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示inspiration n. 鼓舞；靈感inspired adj.受靈感啟示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的5. considerate adj.體貼的，體諒的consideration n.考慮，要考慮的事；體貼considerable adj.相當大(或多)的6. deliver vt.遞送(郵件)，接生；生(小孩)

11、；發(fā)表(演說)delivery n.c,u投遞；演講deliverer 遞送者【練習】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空。1). It was _ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.2). The good news _ (inspire) us with hope.3). The children had an _ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on _ (deliver). 5). Taking everything into _ (c

12、onsider), the event was a great success.6). The narrow roads were _ (crowd) with holiday traffic.7). What is the _ (connect) between the two ideas?Keys: 1). considerate 2). inspired 3). argument 4). delivery5). consideration6). crowded 7). connection IV 重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）1. behave vt.&vi. 舉動；(舉

13、止或行為)表現(xiàn) behavio(u)r n. 行為；舉止；習慣 典例1). Behave yourself; don t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的舉止, 別鬧出笑話來。2). How is your new car behaving? 你的新車性能如何？重點用法behave oneself 使某人自己舉止規(guī)矩 behaviour towards/to. 對的態(tài)度/行為 練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). It s hard to train children to _ _ (舉止得體) at the table.2). She is alw

14、ays _ _ (舉止得體) at school.3). Their _ (behave) _ (介詞) me shows that they do not like me.Keys: 1). behave well 2). well behaved 3). behaviour towards2. achievement n.c成就，功績 achieve vt. 取得，完成典例1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科學上取得的成就而獲得諾貝爾獎。2). Flying across the Atlan

15、tic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飛越大西洋是一個偉大的功績。重點用法achieve an aim / goal達到目標 achieve success 獲得成功 練習 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). Without the support of the people we can _ _. 2). I have achieved only half of _ I hope to do. 3). Congratulations to you (介詞) _ such a complete victory. Keys:

16、1). achieve nothing 2). what 3). on; achieving 3. observe vt. 觀察；觀測；遵守 observation n.u 觀察；觀測；監(jiān)視典例1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方監(jiān)視著那男子進入銀行的情況。2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子緊跟著他。重點用法observe sb. do sth. 觀察某人做某事(已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 觀察某人正在做某

17、事 under observation 被監(jiān)視練習 用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空或翻譯。1). They were observed _ (enter) the bank then. 2). Keynes _ _ (觀察到) humans fall into two classes. Keys: 1). entering 2). observed that4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重視 典例1). If you don t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎能

18、受到別人尊重呢? 2). I have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。重點用法respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人/事gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 贏得某人的尊敬out of respect 出于尊敬練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). The new officer soon _ (贏得) the respect of his men.2). I _ you _ (因某事而尊敬) your h

19、onesty.3). I have great respect _ (介詞) his ideas, although I don t agree with them.Keys: 1). won/earned 2). respect; for 3). for5. argue vt.&vi. 討論；辯論；爭論 argument n.c爭論；爭辯；爭吵 典例1). Don t argue with your mother. 不要和母親爭辯。2). I argued that we needed a larger office. 我據(jù)理力爭我們需要大些的辦公室。重點用法argue for (s

20、b./sth.)為(某人/某事)而辯護 argue against (sb./sth.) 反對某人/某事)而辯護argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 與某人(為某事)而爭吵argue that. 主張argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通過爭論使某人做/不做某事have an argument about/over sth. 辯論某事 練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。1). We _ _ _ _ (說服她加入) us.2). We argued _ the waiter _ the price _ the meal.

21、 Keys: 1). argued her into joining 2). with; about; of 6. support vt.&n. 支持；擁護；支撐；贍養(yǎng)；給予幫助 同情等的人典例1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 這座橋禁得住重型卡車通行嗎?2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他餓得沒有力氣, 我得攙著他。重點用法support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 贍養(yǎng)家庭support sb. in (doing

22、) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人 support sb. by (doing) sth. 通過做某事支持某人in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物support oneself 自力更生give support to sb. 支持、支援某人練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). Will you support me _ (介詞) my campaign for election?2). Jim was a great support _ (介詞) them when their father died.3). 我求學期間由父母供養(yǎng)。_Keys:

23、1). in 2). to 3). I was supported by my parents when I was studying.7. intend vt. 計劃；打算 intention n. 意圖，意向，目的典例1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 聽說他們要結婚了。2). I intend you to take over. 我打算讓你來接管。重點用法intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某 sth. be intended for (某物)是為而準備的intend sb

24、. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事 intend sth. as/to be 打算讓某物作用 intend that. 打算練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). This book is _ _ _ (是為初學者寫的).2). Was that remark intended _ (介詞) a joke? 3). I didn t intend her _ (see) the painting until it was finished. Keys: 1). intended for 2). as 3). to see8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，遞送，發(fā)

25、表(演說) delivery n. 投遞 deliverer 遞送者，交貨人典例1). The baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子是在一個醫(yī)療站接生的。2). Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. 楊同志致開幕詞。重點用法deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩delivere sth. to . 把某物送到express delivery快遞 on delivery 送達時，貨到時練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). Some new books have _ (deliver) _ (介詞)

26、 the schoo1.2). The actor _ his speech _ (介詞) a soft voice. Keys: 1). been delivered; to 2). delivered/gave; in V 重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）1. look down upon/on蔑視；瞧不起典例1). She looks down on people who've never been to university. 她瞧不起沒上過大學的人。2). You can t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能

27、因為某個人窮而瞧不起他。重點用法 look短語：look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as把某人看作look on 袖手旁觀 look into sth. 調(diào)查或觀察某事物look up 查閱(單詞、資料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth警惕或留心某人/物練習 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). He was _ _ _ (被人看不起) because of his humble background. 2). He is _ _ _ (被認為是) the

28、 leading authority on the subject. 3). If you want to know how a word is used, _it _ in a dictionary.Keys: 1). looked down on 2). looked on as 3). look; up 2. refer to 談到；查閱；參考；查詢；提及；指而言典例 1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我們同意不再談這件事了。 2). She thought I was referring to her daughter

29、when we were talking. 當我們談話時她以為我指的是她的女兒。重點用法refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物稱作 refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；讓某人向求助 練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). Although she didn t mention any names, everyone knew who she was _ _(指). 2). He gave the speech _ _ _ (沒有參閱) his notes. 3). He likes to _ _ _ _ (被稱為) “Doctor Khee”. 4).

30、 My doctor referred me _ (介詞) a hospital specialist.Keys: 1). referring to 2). without referring to 3). be referred to as 4). to 3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇見；碰見典例 1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰見一位老校友。2). She came across some

31、old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屜里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片。短語歸納 come短語：come about = happen 發(fā)生 come from 來自come out 出現(xiàn)；開花；出版或發(fā)表；透露；顯出 come up 升起；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)come up with sth 找到或提出（答案辦法等）練習 用come短語的適當形式填空。1). I _ _ some new words while reading. 2). His new book will _ _ next month.3). She _ _ _ a new idea for increasing sa

32、les.4). Can you tell me how the accident _ _?5). How did it _ _ that he knew where we were?Keys: 1). came across 2). come out 3). came up with 4). came about 5). came about4. carry on 繼續(xù)；堅持典例 1). Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. 我不在的時候, 要繼續(xù)做工作。2). They decided to carry on in spi

33、te of the weather. 他們決定不管天氣好壞都堅持。 短語歸納 carry短語：carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 繼續(xù)(做)某事 carry out 貫徹，執(zhí)行carry out a plan/orders/instructions執(zhí)行計劃/命令/指示 carry sth through 成功地完成某事物carry about隨身攜帶 carry away運走, 使失去自制力練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或carry短語。1). They decided to _ _ in spite of the weather. 2). Extensiv

34、e tests have _ _ _ on the patient. 3). It is a difficult job but she s the person to carry it _. 4). Don t blame me. I m only _ _ my orders.Keys: 1). carry on 2). been carried out on 3). through 4). carrying out 5. live/lead a. life 過著的生活典例 They live a peaceful life. 他們過著平靜的生活。短語歸納 “v. + 同源賓語”結構：smi

35、le a. smile 露出微笑 dream a. dream 做了個的夢 sleep a. sleep 睡個覺sing a. song 唱的歌die a. death 怎樣地死去 fight a. battle 打的仗laugh a. laugh 發(fā)出方式的笑聲練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). We are living happily. = We are living _ _ _. 2). _ _ _ _ (多么艱辛的生活) they lived! 3). I _ _ _ _ (做了個美夢) last night.Keys: 1). living a happy li

36、fe 2). What a hard life 3). dreamed/had a beautiful dream VI 重點句子 （旨在提供句子結構等所需材料）1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()解釋 動名詞做主語的用法：動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作(在口語中也可以表示具體的動作)。如： Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。 / Helping her is my duty. 幫助她是我的責任。動名詞作主語時，句子有兩種形式：動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置

37、上。如：1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄別人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的。2). Talking is easier than doing. 說比做容易。用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動名詞結構移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。

38、2). It s no sense arguing with her. 和她爭吵沒有意思。動名詞短語作主語時的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：Learning new words is very important for me. 學習新單詞對我來說非常重要。練習 用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空。1). Talking _ (mend) no holes. 2). _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 3). Is it any good _ (try) to explain?Keys: 1). mends 2). Walk

39、ing 3). trying 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母親頭幾個月來幫過她的忙，這才使她得以考慮自己的計劃。解釋 以“only+狀語(通常是副詞、介詞短語或從句)”開頭的句子要用部分倒裝，即將助動詞或連系動詞置于主語之前，如：1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友來后電腦才修好。2). Only when you poi

40、nted it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有當你幫我指出來了我才意識到我錯了。注意：如果以“only+主語”開頭的句子不用倒裝，如：1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我們能幫自己。2). Only Tom failed in the exam.只有湯姆考試不及格。練習 用倒裝句型翻譯句子。1). 只有用這種方法我們才能把英語學得更好。_ 2). 只有當你看了說明后你才知道怎么使用這臺機器。_Keys: 1). Only in this way can we learn English better.

41、 2). Only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine.3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力勸說盡可能多的國家同意不使用它們（地雷）。解釋 as.as possible = as. as one can “盡可能”，第一個as可接adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或much/little + n.u，如：1). Be as kind

42、 to her as possible / you can. 對她盡可能和藹些。2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作業(yè)盡可能地細心。3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看盡可能多的書。練習 翻譯句子。1). 在寫作中，你應該盡量少犯錯誤。_2). 為了養(yǎng)活一大家人，他賣力工作盡力多掙錢。_Keys: 1). You should make as few mistakes as you can in your writing. 2). In or

43、der to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.二、課文要點1課文詞匯等填空（旨在復習本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （環(huán)境）since her childhood, went to Africa and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimp

44、s. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有價值的）career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Besides, she was very 7 （consider）of these animals. Now, she

45、has 8 （實現(xiàn)）every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激勵）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women. 答案: 1. who 2.environment 3. studying 4.worthwhile 5. be respected 6. for 7.considerate 8.achieved 9.inspired 10.achievements2課文大意概括 （旨在訓練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或翻譯下面短文。這一篇文章給我們介紹了黑猩猩家庭，這使我們認識到

46、，黑猩猩家族的關聯(lián)就像人類的家庭那么堅固。Jane Goodall的努力，以及她關于保護黑猩猩的觀點使她取得了不少成就。 This passage introduces _答案：This passage introduces the groups of chimps to us, which made us realize that the bone of a chimp family is as strong as that of a humans. Jane Goodalls efforts and her opinion on the protection of the chimps m

47、ade her achieved a lot. 3課文佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和運用能力）1.【原句】Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟著簡研究黑猩猩的路線，我們團隊都去森林中探望他們。 模仿要點 句子結構 現(xiàn)在分詞，+主句【模仿1】聽取老師的意見，我在英語學習上取得了快速進步。_答案：Following the teachers advice, I made rapid progress in English learning

48、. 【模仿2】按照指南，你一定會解決這問題。_答案：Following the instruction, you will surely solve the problem. 2 【原句】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她的母親來幫助她的頭幾個月，才讓她開始她的計劃。模仿要點 句子結構：Only +狀語（主句要倒裝）【模仿1】只有當您不遺余力你能取得重大進展。_答案：Only when you spare no eff

49、ort can you make great progress.【模仿2】只有當我們認識到我們生活環(huán)境的重要性，我們才能意識到保護環(huán)境就是保護我們的家。_答案：Only when we came to realize the importance of our living environment can we be aware of the fact that preserving nature is preserving our home.三、單元自測 1完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。詞數(shù)：221完成時

50、間：14分鐘難度：* I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, "Don't watch the 22 when you say, “I'm sorry”.Hold your head up and look at the person in the 23 , so he'll know you m