1、語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)一一一般現(xiàn)在時1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的含義 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作 表示主語具備的性格和能力。2. 一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語構(gòu)成 動詞be肯定式 I am 否認(rèn)式 I am not You/We/They are You/We/They arentShe/He/It is She/He/It isnt疑問式和簡略答復(fù)Am I？ Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are you? Yes, I am/we are. No, I am not/we arent.Are we/they? Yes, we/they are. No, we/they arent. 動

2、詞 do肯定式 I/We/You/They+動詞原形+其他成分She/He/It+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他成分否認(rèn)式 I/We/You/They dont+動詞原形+其他成分She/He/It doesnt +動詞原形+其他成分疑問式和簡略答復(fù)Do I/you/we/they+動詞原形+其他成分Yes, I/you/we/they do. No, I/you/we/they dont.Does she/he/it +動詞原形+其他成分Yes, she/he/it does. No, she/he/it doesnt. 一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么變化一般情況下直接+s work-wor

3、ks ask-asks see-sees以s, x, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾+es watch-watches go-goes do-does wash-washes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i加es try-tries study-studies fly-flies不規(guī)那么變化 have-has練一練1. 給出以下單詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式play go hurry teach buy see wash walk miss watch come say2. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文Its Teds first day at school in Shanghai. The teacher _

4、(take) him to the classroom. The students_ (ask) him, “_(do) you speak English or Chinese? He _ (say), “Both. My father is an Englishman and my mother is a Chinese woman. Ted _ likehis new classmates. After school, he _(say) to his parents, I_ (love) my new school, teacher and classmates.二句子種類1按使用目的

5、可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感慨句。1 陳述句Declarative Sentences：說明一個事實(shí)或陳述看法。She is at home. 她在家。He speaks English. 他講英語。2 疑問句Interrogative Sentences：提出問題。有以下四種：a. 一般疑問句General Questions：Is this your pencil? 這是你的鉛筆嗎?b. 特殊疑問句W Questions; H Questions：Where do you live? 你住哪兒？How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？c. 選擇疑問句Alterna

6、tive Questions：Do you like tea or juice?你是要茶還是果汁？d. 反意疑問句Tag-Questions：He knows her, doesnt he?他認(rèn)識她，對不對？3 祈使句Imperative Sentences：提出請求，建議或發(fā)出命令，例如：Sit down, please. 請坐。Lets go home! 讓我們回家吧！4感慨句Exclamatory Sentences：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如：What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！2根本句型Basic Sentence Patterns：英語中千變?nèi)f化的

7、句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種根本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的：1主 + 動SV例如：I work. 我工作。2主 + 動 + 表SVP例如：John is a teacher. 約翰是教師。3主 + 動 + 賓SVO例如：She studies English. 她學(xué)英語。4主 + 動 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)SVOC例如：We think the job easy. 我們認(rèn)為這個工作簡單。5主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓SVOiOd例如：My mother made me a new dress. 我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。三單數(shù)句變復(fù)數(shù)句1. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)要變?yōu)槠湎鄳?yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。It is a box.

8、 They are boxes.2. 各個人稱代詞要由單數(shù)形式變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。She is a girl. They are girls. I am at home. We are at home.3. am或is 要變?yōu)閍re.He is a teacher. They are teachers.4. 指示代詞this或that要分別變?yōu)閠hese或those。This is a pencil. These are pencils.5. 不定冠詞a/an要去掉固定搭配例外。It is a black cat. They are black cats.6. man或 woman做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞

9、，在整個句子變成復(fù)數(shù)的情況下也要變成 men 或women.She is a woman teacher. They are women teachers.注意： 在單數(shù)句變復(fù)數(shù)句時，普通單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)名詞修飾名詞時，起修飾作用的名詞不做變化。名詞修飾名詞常用單數(shù)。man, woman除外This is a apple tree. These are apple trees.練一練 單復(fù)數(shù)句轉(zhuǎn)換1. What is her name?2. This quilt is green.3. Is that a pencil?4. The box is on the table.5. He i

10、s a man teacher.6. They are white dogs.7. These are our erasers.語法專項(xiàng)二. 教學(xué)過程：一詞類1. 名詞 表示人或事物名稱的詞 teacher, book , pen 主，表，補(bǔ)，定，同2. 代詞 代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞等 we, my, some, this 主，表，賓，定，同3. 數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目或順序 two, first, fifth 主，表，賓，定，同4. 動詞 表示動詞或狀態(tài) be, take, look 謂語 動詞to work, working, worked 主，表，賓，補(bǔ)，定，狀5. 形容詞 修飾名詞，表示人或事

11、物的性質(zhì)和特征 good, big, nice, beautiful 表，補(bǔ)，定，同6. 副詞 表示動作特征或形狀特征 修飾動詞形容詞或其他副詞 fast, nearly, happily, here表，狀7. 冠詞 用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物 a , an, the8. 介詞 表示名詞或代詞與其他詞的關(guān)系 in, on, under9. 連詞 連接詞與詞，短語和短語，句子和句子 and, if, but, or10. 感慨詞 表示說話時的感情或語氣 oh, hello, hi二名詞所有格1. 名詞在句子中表示所有關(guān)系，所屬關(guān)系常用名詞所有格。兩種形式：1名詞詞尾加s，主要用于有生命

12、的名詞 Toms mother the teachers desk2of+名詞，主要用于無生命的名詞。the wall of the classroom2. s屬格的構(gòu)成方法：1單數(shù)名詞在末尾加 s the boys backpack the womans computer2以s或es 結(jié)尾的名詞只在詞尾加 “the boys backpacks my boss office3復(fù)數(shù)名詞后一般只加 不規(guī)那么的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加sthe girls books the childrens soccers4表示幾個名詞各自的所有關(guān)系時，名詞末尾都加Toms and Jacks books Lucys and

13、 Lilys rooms5表示幾個名詞共有的，應(yīng)在最后一個詞后加sTom and Jacks mother Lucy and Lilys room6表示時間、距離、重量、國家、城市等無生命的名詞后也可以加s表示其所有關(guān)系 an hours walk the citys parks7在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。 my uncles (house) the doctorsoffice3. 雙重所有格1雙重所有格即“of + 名詞s 所有格，表示整體中的一個或局部。用于修飾of前的名詞，此時of前面的名詞一定要有一個a(an)，two，any，som

14、e，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之類的修飾語這個修飾語一般不能是one和the。雙重所有格也可由“of+名詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成，如：a friend of mineDo you know any friends of my brothers?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us2在雙重所有格中，用作介詞補(bǔ)足成分的所有格的名詞必須是確定特指的，而且一般指人。an old friend of my fathers this baby of my aunts4. 在表示名詞所有格時，s結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成

15、of結(jié)構(gòu)。the girls name the name of the girlmy fathers friend the friend of my fathers練一練1. This is my dress. That one is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. sister D. mother2. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Sallys B. Julias and SallysC. Julia and Sally D. Julias and Sally3. Excuse me, where are _ offi

16、ces?Over there.A. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers三代詞1. 人稱代詞人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格第一人稱I me we us第二人稱you第三人稱he she it him her it they them2. 物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞my your his her its our your their名詞性物主代詞Mine yours his hers its ours his theirs形容詞性的物主代詞只能作定語，名詞性的物主代詞可作主語，賓語或表語

17、其后不加名詞。This is my book. Yours is on the chair. 這是我的書，你的在椅子上。Our classroom is big. Theirs is small. 我們的教室很大，他們的很小。練一練 填上或選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~1. Thank you very much for _ help.2. Mr. White is a good teacher. We must learn from _.3. “Are these books yours? “No, _ are not _. They are Toms.4. _ (He, Her, His ) name i

18、s Jack. _ (She, He, His) is a teacher.5. _ (I, My, Mine ) aunt is a nurse. _ (She, He, Her) works very hard.6. My pen is red. How about _( her, hers, she)?四句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物，答復(fù)是“誰或者“什么。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：Im Miss Green.2、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，答復(fù)“做什么。主要由動詞擔(dān)任。 如：Jack cleans the

19、 room every day.3、表語在系動詞之后，說明主語的身份或特征，答復(fù)是“什么或者“怎么樣。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Ping Ping .4、賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結(jié)果，答復(fù)做的是“什么。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：He can spell the word.有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語，一個指物，一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter .有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語，放在直接賓語后面，來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如：He wrote a letter to me .

20、5、定語修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如： Shanghai is a big city .6、狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：He works hard. 他工作努力。7、賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么，通常由形容詞或動詞充當(dāng)如：They usually keep their classroom cleanHe often helps me do my lessons.五there be 句型“there be +名詞詞組中，there為虛詞，be后面的名詞詞組為句子的真正主語。該句式在使用時需注意如下幾點(diǎn)：1、there be句式表示“有時，它表

21、示一種存在關(guān)系，通常帶有一個地點(diǎn)狀語，意為“什么地方時候有。此外，其主語還可以帶前置或后置定語。例如：There is a blackboard in the classroom. There are two old women waiting for you at the gate.2、在正式文體中，該句式中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于以下兩種情況：1該句式中只有一個主語，主語為單數(shù)時，be動詞用單數(shù)；主語假設(shè)為復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。2該句式中有幾個并列主語，那么按就近原那么處理，即與靠近be動詞的第一個主語保持一致。例如：1) There is a pen on the desk.2) T

22、here are three apples on the table.3) There is a dictionary and two pens on the desk.4) There are two pens and a dictionary on the desk.3. there be句型與have的區(qū)別：there be 句型和have都表示“有的含義。區(qū)別如下：there be表示“某處存在某物或某人；have表示“某人擁有某物/某人，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。e.g. He has two sons. 他有兩個兒子。 There are two men in the office.

23、辦公室里有兩個男人。語法專項(xiàng)三一數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的定義：表示“多少和“第幾“的詞,叫數(shù)詞。其用法相當(dāng)于名詞或者形容詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種?；鶖?shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞是基數(shù)詞，最根本的數(shù)詞如下：1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten,11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 th

24、irty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety,100 a hundred, 1,000 a thousand, 1,000,000 a million, 1,000,000,000 a billion.基數(shù)詞 1-12 是獨(dú)立單詞，需逐個記憶?；鶖?shù)詞13 - 19是個位數(shù)詞的詞干后加-teen 構(gòu)成。其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, 變化不規(guī)那么?；鶖?shù)詞 2090 是在十位數(shù)詞后面加 -ty 構(gòu)成?；鶖?shù)詞 2199 是在十位數(shù)詞后面加上個位數(shù)詞合成，中間加上連字符“-。例如

25、：21 twenty-one?；鶖?shù)詞三位以上的數(shù)詞，在百位和十位之間，一般要用連詞“and。例如：342 three hundred and forty-two表示“萬的詞英語中沒有，如1萬可用10千來表示：ten thousand. 30萬可用 three hundred thousand 來表示。【典型例題】例題1There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds and sixty five B. three hundred and sixty- fiveC. three hundred and sixty five D. three hundred

26、 sixty five例題2How long is the river? Its _ metres.A. about three hundreds and seventeen.B. about three hundred seventeen.C. about three hundred and seventeen. D. about three hundreds seventeen.基數(shù)詞的用法：從句子成分上分析，基數(shù)詞在句中可用作主語，賓語，表語等。Four of them went to the factory. 他們四個人去了工廠。主語I want two. 我要兩個。(賓語My cla

27、ssmate is eighteen. 我的同學(xué)十八歲。(表語)1編號的事物用基數(shù)詞：Today we are going to study Lesson Six. 今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)第6課。He lives in Room 801. 他住在801房間。a 用No. No讀Number后加數(shù)字，數(shù)字讀基數(shù)詞。如：No.1 Number One,No.3 bus Number Three busb 用基數(shù)詞 詞序?yàn)椋好~詞首字母大寫+ 基數(shù)詞如用英語拼寫，詞首字母也要大寫如：Lesson One, Class Four, World War Two。此種方法較常見，特別是當(dāng)數(shù)字較長時。如：Room

28、306, No.106 Middle School。注意：編號也可以用序數(shù)詞 詞序?yàn)椋簍he + 序數(shù)詞 +名詞 如：the first lesson, the Second World War例題3Jim is in _ Middle School.A. No.7 th B. 7 th C. 7 No. D. No.7例題4I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. five B. the fifth C. fifth D. the five2表示“年，月，日時可以用基數(shù)詞。I was born in 1971. 我生于197

29、1年。例題5His sister was born_.A .in 1998, Octorber21 B. on 1998, Octorber21 C. in Octorber21,1998 D. on Octorber21,19983表示“幾點(diǎn)鐘，幾點(diǎn)過幾分用基數(shù)詞。 Its two oclock. 現(xiàn)在是二點(diǎn)鐘。Its five fifteen. 現(xiàn)在5點(diǎn)15分。例題6What time is it? Its (2:40).A. forty past two B. two past fourC. twenty to three D. twenty to two例題7He stays here

30、 for _.A. two and half hours B. two hours and half C. two hours and a half D. two -half hours4用于加減乘除的數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞。 One plus two is three. 一加二等于三。5表示大幾倍或者小幾倍用基數(shù)詞。 Five times six is thirty. 五乘以六得三十。6表示百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞。 Thirty percent of them is water. 它們當(dāng)中有30%的水。7表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分子數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞，但分母要用序數(shù)詞，如分子不是1，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。One-third of

31、 the books are mine. 三分之一的書是我的。Two- fifths of the students are girls. 五分之二的學(xué)生是女生。例題805 河北This is a big class, and _ of the students are boys.A. two third B. second three C. two- thirds D. two three8表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 5.5 five point five注意：1用復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾名詞使用of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)hundreds of 數(shù)以百計thousands of 數(shù)以千計tens of thousan

32、ds of 數(shù)以萬計several millions of 好幾百萬 Hundreds of young people like music. 數(shù)以百計的年輕人喜歡音樂。但表示確切的百或千時不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：five hundred ten thousand three million例題9We have five _ students in our school.A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundred D. hundreds例題10There are _ people in the zoo on Childrens Day.A. one hundre

33、ds B. two hundreds of C. hundreds of D. hundred2表示時間距離時，使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語five minutes walk 步行五分鐘的路程Its half an hours walk from my home to the school. 從我家到學(xué)校是步行半小時的路程。例題11Its about _.A. half hours walk B. half hour walk C. half hours walk D. half an hours walk3由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語作定語時，其中的名詞用單數(shù)，名詞性短語各局部用-連

34、接。Its a five-minute walk from the classroom to the library. 從教室到圖書館需走5分鐘。He is a sixteen-year-old boy.他是一個十六歲男孩。例題12Henry is a _ schoolboyA. 12 years B. 12 years old C. 12-year-old D. 12-years-old例題 13The schoolboy is _.A. 12 years B. 12 years old C. 12-year-old D. 12 year old序數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目順序的詞用序數(shù)詞。例如：fir

35、st 第一, second 第二, third 第三, fourth 第四, fifth 第五, sixth 第六, seventh 第七, eighth 第八, ninth 第九, tenth 第十, eleventh 第十一,twelfth 第十二, thirteenth 第十三, nineteenth 第十九, twentieth 第二十, fortieth 第四十, fifty-first 第五十一, eighty-third 第八十三, ninety-fourth 第九十四1序數(shù)詞119 除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二變化不規(guī)那么外，其余均由在基數(shù)詞后加上 -th。2十

36、位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾 -y 變成 i 再加 -eth。3幾十幾的序數(shù)詞，只是把個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞，十位數(shù)不變。同學(xué)們需要記住一些特殊拼寫的序數(shù)詞。如：第1first 第2second 第3third 第5fifth 第9ninth第12twelfth 第20twentieth序數(shù)詞的用法：序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，表語。前面要加定冠詞 the。但序詞前如果有物主代詞或名詞所有格一般不用the。The fifth lesson is very easy to learn. 第五課很好學(xué)。You are the first one I believe. 你是我最相信的人。例題

37、14I think that the _century will bring us more hopes.A. twenty-one B. twentieth-first C. twenty-first D. twentieth-one例題 15Tuesday is _ day of the week.A. two B. the second C. three D. the third例題 16September is the _ month of the year.She is the _ woman to come here.(十二)二時間前介詞的用法<一> at1. 用在具體

38、的某一時間前，即表示幾點(diǎn)幾分。I get up at six oclock in the morning. 我在早晨六點(diǎn)起床。2. 用在at noon (在中午) at night(在夜里) at that time(在那時)at Christmas(在圣誕節(jié))等短語中We often go out for a walk at night. 我們在夜晚出去散步。<二> in1. 用在某年某月某季某周前in winter 在冬天 in October 在十月 in the first week 在第一周 in 2021 在2021年2. 用來表示“在白天、早晨、上午、下午、晚上in

39、the day 在白天 in the morning 在早晨 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening 在晚上3. 表示在一段時間之后或之內(nèi)Hell come back in two days. 他將在兩天后回來。<三> on1. 用來表示具體的某一天或具體的某個節(jié)日on my birthday 在我生日那天 on May 1st 在五一on Sunday 在周日 on Teachers Day在教師節(jié)2. 用來表示具體某一天的上下午或晚上on Monday morning 在周一的早晨 on the evening of October 10th在10

40、月10日的晚上<四> for 表示延續(xù)的時間段After class I have volleyball for two hours. 放學(xué)后我打兩個小時的排球。The Green family have been in China for four years.格林一家來中國已經(jīng)兩年了。<五> from 從到The shop opens from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. 這家商店從早晨8點(diǎn)到晚上9點(diǎn)營業(yè)。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五上學(xué)。注意：名詞前如果有this，last，n

41、ext 一般不用介詞例題 17They have no classes_ Saturday and Sunday.A. in B. on C. at D. from例題 18He goes to bed _ nine every day.A. in B. on C. at D. for例題 19I will finish the work _ two weeks.A. for B. on C. in D. at例題 20Tom often gets up _ six _ the morning.A. at, on B. on, in C. at, at D. at , in例題 21She l

42、ikes go swimming _ Sunday morning.A. at B. in C. on D. for例題 22We went to the city _ a very cold evening.A. at B. in C. on D. for例題 23Every evening I watch TV _ two hours.A. in B. from C. for D. about語法專項(xiàng) (四)(一) 冠詞1. 種類：1不定冠詞：a / an 以輔音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用a: a unit以元音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an : an uncle an houran egg /

43、an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock /an actor / an e-mail / an address / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson2定冠詞：the the egg the plane2. 定冠詞的用法：1特指某些人或某些物： The ruler is on the desk.2復(fù)述上文提到的人或物

44、：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.3談話雙方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school.4在序數(shù)詞前： Johns birthday is February the second.(5) 世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物 the sun the moon(6) 用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表一家人。the Smiths史密斯一家 the Greens格林一家7用于固定詞組中： in the morning / afternoon / evening3. 零冠詞的情況：1專有名詞前：China is a big country.2名詞前有定語：this

45、, that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.3復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.4在節(jié)日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.5一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.6球類、棋類運(yùn)動前： They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但樂器前要用定冠詞：I play the guitar very we

46、ll.7學(xué)科名稱前： My favorite subject is music.8在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr. Li.9固定詞組中： at noon at night by bus go to school go to bed at school例題1 (06河北)There is _ apple tree in my garden. Its over 10 years old.A. the B. a C. an D. /例題2 (07河北)_ woman in a purple skirt is Bettys mother. A. The B. A C. An D./例題3There is _ “m in the word mother.A .a B. an C. the D./例題4We often have sports after class, I like to play_ chess.A. a B. an C. the D. /例題5When does Lily go to _ bed in _ evening?