1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。I. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句：（1） 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)從句中謂語(yǔ)用 had+過(guò)去分詞，主句謂語(yǔ)用would (could, should, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam. (If it had rained, we would not have gone out.)（2） 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式（be的

2、過(guò)去式為were）, 主句謂語(yǔ)用would (could, should, might)+動(dòng)詞原形。If I were you, I should study English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting. (If it rained now, we would not go out.)(3) 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)與（2）表與現(xiàn)在相反的假設(shè)相同，或用were to+動(dòng)詞原形。 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it should stop raining, th

3、e crop would be safe. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (If it rained tomorrow, we would not go out.) (If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.) (If it should rain tomorrow, we wound not go out.)(4) 當(dāng)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。If you had taken my ad

4、vice, you would be all right now.(5) 省略倒裝式Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.= If you had been here earlierWere I in school again, I would work harder.= If I were in school againShould there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.= If there should be a meeting tomorrow.If it were to rai

5、n tomorrow, we would not go out.= Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.(6) 用介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件從句，主句用法同（1）、（2）、（3）。Without air, there would be no living thing.= If there were no air, there would be no(現(xiàn)在/將來(lái))But for your help, I couldnt have done it.= If you had not helped me, I couldnt have done it

6、.(過(guò)去)without = but for= if it were not / had not been forIf it were not for the air, there would be no living thing. = Were it not for the air(現(xiàn)在/將來(lái))If it hadnt been for your help, I couldnt have done it.= Had it not been for your help(過(guò)去)We could have succeeded earlier under more favorable conditio

7、n.Who but a fool would believe that?We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. (7) 其它通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)條件的虛擬 Given more time, we would do it better. It would be wrong not to take this into consideration. I could continue talking about this, but we must go on to the next topic.

8、Anybody else would have done that. Suppose he never said that to her, what would happen then? (假設(shè)他從來(lái)沒(méi)跟她說(shuō)過(guò)那樣的話，那情況會(huì)是怎么樣呢？) Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如下雨的話，我們還是要去。)對(duì)比：Supposing it rains, we will still go. Supposing it rained, we would still go.2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于as if/though, even if/though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀

9、語(yǔ)從句中(1) 從句發(fā)生在主句之前，從句中謂語(yǔ)用had done/had beenThey are talking as if they had been friends for years.(2) 無(wú)先后關(guān)系，從句中謂語(yǔ)用did/wereHe walked pass the soldier as if they didnt exist.(3) 從句發(fā)生在主句之后，從句中謂語(yǔ)用would/should +動(dòng)詞原形She talked sadly as if she would cry.3. 在in case, lest, for fear that等目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)多用“should+動(dòng)詞

10、原形”表虛擬 Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I should forget. He got up early that morning lest he should miss the train.(他那天早上起得很早，生怕誤了火車(chē)。)He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemys hands.4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(1)whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whether she be poor or rich,

11、 I will still love her.（虛擬）= No matter whether she is poor or rich, I will still love her.（一般句子）= Be she poor or rich, I will still love her. （虛擬、倒裝、省略） So long as the child is shown exactly how to do somethingwhether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed he is

12、less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. (Book II Unit 1 ) (2) 其它讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Whatever be the reason for his action, we will support him. Come what may well carry on our work. （虛擬、倒裝、省略）II. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用主語(yǔ)從句It is desirable /strange that we (should) work hard in English.(advisable, best, be

13、tter, crucial, essential, important, necessary, imperative, incredible, insistent, natural, necessary, possible)It is a desire / request that he (should) talk to his friends like that.(pity, shame, must, order, proposal, recommendation, requirement, suggestion, wonder)It is desired / requested that

14、he (should) be present.(arranged, decided, ordered, proposed, required, recommended, suggested, settled)III. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句1.wish+賓從, 表不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望從句需用虛擬(1) 過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中謂語(yǔ)用had+過(guò)去分詞，或would(could)+have+過(guò)去分詞We wish we had arrived there 2 hours earlier. (2) 現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式我希望一年四季都是春天。I wish it were spring a

15、ll the year round.(3) 將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中謂語(yǔ)用would(could)+動(dòng)詞原形I wish I would be in Guangzhou a minute later.2. would rather后接從句需用虛擬I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day.I'd rather she did the work now. I would rather that you came tomorrow. I am very busy now.對(duì)比:I would rather go tom

16、orrow (would prefer, would sooner, would just as soon) 3. 在一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)需用虛擬should+動(dòng)詞原形 We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. (advise, request, require, order, demand, command, order, insist, argue, determine, decide, ask, propose, prefer, recommend)IV. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句: It is time后加從句需用虛擬It is (

17、high) time that we went to bed.=It is time to go to bed.= It is time we should go to bed. (should 不可省)V. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中His suggestion is that we (should) work hard in English.He made a suggestion that we (should) work hard in English.(advice, decision, demand, desire, idea, insistence, instructio

18、n, motion, necessity, order, plan, preference, pray, proposal, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, understanding)VI. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中If only I were a child, I wouldIf only I had taken his advice, I would have.If only I had another chance.I dread the coming exams. If only I could

19、 have time to review my lessons.對(duì)比: If only it clears up, we will go. If only it cleared up, we would go.VII. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示祝愿中(動(dòng)詞用原形) ： 世界和平萬(wàn)歲! Long live world Peace!老阿婆說(shuō)，“愿上帝保佑你?！?“God bless you，”said the old woman 愿老天保佑我們。 Heaven help us 祝你一生幸福。 May you be happy all your life 愿再也不發(fā)生世界大戰(zhàn)！ May there neve

20、r be another world war!VIII. 其它虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 表喜悅、驚奇、懷疑、失望等情緒的句子，從句謂語(yǔ)多用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表虛擬 I never expected that she should be the new manager of our company. We are surprised that they should arrive at such a conclusion.2. 用had hoped表過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)多用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”表虛擬 I had hoped that we would talk about this is

21、sue after the conference.3. 有些短語(yǔ)中包含虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：as it were, if need be, would have thought He is，as it were，a walking dictionary (他可說(shuō)是一部活字典。)In the 11th grade, at the 11th hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.（Book I Unit 1） I can help you take care of the baby if need be. (如果有必要，我可以幫你照看孩子。)Who wou

22、ld have thought we could accomplish our task so smoothly. (誰(shuí)會(huì)想到我們能夠如此順利地完成任務(wù)。) 虛擬時(shí)間/句式if 從句主句過(guò)去現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)將來(lái)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題：1. He is talking so much about America as if he there. A.had been B. has been C. was D.been2. If my daughter here last Saturday, she me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had b

23、een; would prevent C. were; would prevent D.were; would have prevented 3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out5.