1、Sentence Stress 語句重音一語句重音指的是人們在朗讀連貫的語句時哪些詞要重讀哪些詞不重讀的規(guī)那么。下面介紹的是有關(guān)語句重音的最一般的但卻是最重要的規(guī)那么：一在連貫的語句中需要重讀的詞有：名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)義動詞、副詞、某些代詞指示代詞等、疑問詞、嘆詞等。這條規(guī)那么可以用四個詞來總結(jié)：實(shí)詞重讀。1)名詞 一般情況下名詞在句中應(yīng)重讀。例如：An elephant is an animal.(大象是一種動物)2)形容詞一般都有語句重音。如：Her shirt is blue and white.(她的裙子是藍(lán)、白色)3)數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，兩者在句中都應(yīng)重讀。例如：John i

2、s nine.(約翰9歲)My second brother is a doctor.(我的二哥是個醫(yī)生)4)實(shí)義動詞實(shí)義動詞有完整的意義，能在句中作謂語，一般都有語句重音。例如：Mary loves her dolls.(瑪麗愛她的洋娃娃)She sings well.(她很會唱歌)5)副詞大都在句中要重讀。如：speaks English slowly and carefully.(他說起英語來又慢又小心)6代詞指具有語句重音的代詞，如指示代詞：this, that, these, those 返身代詞：myself, yourself, himself如：He himself hurt

3、his own feet.(是他自己傷著了自己的腳)不定代詞：some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, somebody, something等等。如：Everybody was late.(每個人都遲到了)We are many, they are few. (我們?nèi)硕啵麄內(nèi)松佟? Some are red, some are blue.(有一些是紅色的，有些是藍(lán)色的)疑問代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which等。如：Who is that? (那是誰?) Whose bag can it be?(這能是誰的包

4、呢?)What would you like to eat?(你想吃點(diǎn)什么?)Which is your sister? (哪位是你的姐妹?)7)嘆詞 嘆詞在句中一般都要重讀。例如，Oh, its snowing!(啊，在下雪。) Hey, thats a nice shot!(嗨，那是個好球!) My, what a downpour!(哎呀，好大的雨啊!)Dear me!表示驚訝：哎呀!語句重音(二)(二)在連貫的語句中不重讀的詞有：1)冠詞 冠詞有兩種：a(或an) the, 兩者在句中一般都不重讀。2代詞 指沒有語句重音的代詞。如：人稱代詞I, me, you, he, him, sh

5、e, her等。物主代詞 my, your, his, her, its, or, their 3動詞 指非實(shí)義動詞 如:助動詞 be(am, is, are, were, was), shall(should), will(would)have(has, had), do(does, did) 情態(tài)動詞can(could), may(might), must, have to(has to, had to), shall(should), will(would), ought to, dare, need, used to等。這些情態(tài)動詞在語句中一般沒有重音。4連詞 一般在句中不重讀的連詞有

6、等立連詞，如：and, or, for, but；比擬連詞，如：as, than 附屬連詞，如:if, when, while, since, now that, as if(though等。5介詞 介詞尤其是單音節(jié)介詞如出現(xiàn)在句子中間時一般不重讀。常見的單音節(jié)介詞有：at, by, for, from, of, to, into等。CONTENT WORDSFUNCTION WORDS· electron, lens, radius, species, strata · expel, irrigate, maintain, revolve, transact ·

7、 crucial, feasible, legal, obsolete, valid · annually, arbitrarily, optionally, pragmatically, theoretically · mine, yours, his, hers, theirs · this, that, these, those; e.g. This looks interesting. · who, what, when, where · not, can't, isn't · the, a, an ·

8、; be, have, do · I, you, s/he, we, they · this, that, these, those; e.g. I like this university. · in, on, over, near, to · and, because, yet, so 上面講解的只是語句重音的一般規(guī)那么，但語句重音并不是一成不變的語音現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)說話時的不同心態(tài)、不同的著重點(diǎn)、不同的強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容、不同的語氣等可以使原來在句中應(yīng)重讀的詞失去重音，而原來不重讀的詞卻又成了重讀的詞。這些較為特殊、復(fù)雜的規(guī)那么就無法在語音小常識中做詳細(xì)的講解，只

9、能留到以后的學(xué)習(xí)階段再來學(xué)習(xí)、探討了。Sentence StressSince speech is made up of words strung together, we must also look at these words in groups, in phrases or in sentences in order to observe what happens to the stress pattern. In natural connected speech, for various reasons, some words are stressed, others are not

10、. The stress in a sentence is called sentence stress (句重音). Sentence stress can be classified into three types: sense stress (表意重音), logical stress (邏輯重音) and emotional stress ( 感情重音).I. Sense stressSense stress is a very common phenomenon in connected speech. The distribution of such stresses is su

11、bject to the meaning that the speaker wishes to convey. In normal speech we put stress on words semantically important. Such words are called content or lexical words (實(shí)詞), such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, notional verbs, numerals, interjections, demonstrative, interrogative pronouns and the abso

12、lute form of the possessive pronouns; the unimportant ones are called form or structural words (虛詞或結(jié)構(gòu)詞),which are used to join together' the words that carry meaning. In unemphatic speech, such words are usually unstressed. They are articles, monosyllabic prepositions, monosyllabic conjunctions,

13、 personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reciprocal pronouns, reflexives and relative pronouns, auxiliary and modal verbs and verb to BE.Examples for words with sentence stress:1. Nouns'John is a 'teacher from American.2. AdjectivesWhat a 'beautiful sight!3. AdverbsI've 'seldom &

14、#39;met him recently.4. Notional verbsThey would 'die 'rather than yield.5. Numerals'Two plus 'three 'equals five.His ad 'dress is 'forty-'six Linden Street.6. Interjections'Oh, it's Vwonderful!7. Demonstrative pronouns'This is our college.8. Interrogative

15、 pronouns'Who was 'that on the phone?9. The absolute form of possessive pronouns'This 'book is mine.And 'yours is over thereExamples for words with no sentence stress:1. ArticlesHe is a 'teacher of English.This is the 'book I want.2. Monosyllabic prepositionsHe was sur &#

16、39;prised at her attitude3. Monosyllabic conjunctions'John, 'Henry and 'Robert 'all went but 'Peter didnt.4. Personal, possessive, reciprocal, reflexive and relative pronounsHe 'taught us EnglishHis 'brother is my 'best friendLet's learn from each other.They '

17、help one another in their work.She 'thought herself 'better than 'anyone else.'Do you 'know the 'man who is 'sitting /there?5. Auxiliary and modal verbsThey have been in the 'countryside recently.You may go 'now.6. Link-verb to BEHe is a 'good comradeSpecial c

18、ases with no stress on content words:1. A content word which appears for the second time in a sentence or in a short context is not stressed:'How 'many 'times have you been there?Three times.He 'thinks of that as a child thinks.2. If a noun is preceded by another qualifying noun, the

19、 second one is often unstressed. And these two nouns are often connected by the sense, actually they may be considered as compound words, e.g.'That is our classroom building.I 'met her at the railway station.3. To avoid repetition we often use substitute words. These substitute words usually

20、 have no sentence stress:'Which 'dictionary do you want?That small one.'Will he 'come tomorrow?Yes, I think so.4. When demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those indicate very weak demonstrativeness and are only the equivalent to the word "it" or the definite article “

21、the, they are unstressed:I can 'easily do this.It is 'necessary to 'take these pre cautions.5. In phrases this morning, this afternoon, etc., the demonstrative pronoun this is not stressed:We are 'rived this morning.6. In exclamatory sentences such words as what, how are usually unst

22、ressed:What a 'horrible day!How 'thoughtful she is!7. The word "street" never bears sentence stress in street names:Oxford Street High StreetSpecial cases with stress on form words:1. Auxiliaries, modals and link-verb to BE bear sentence stress in the following cases:a. When they a

23、re in the in the initial position of a sentence, they are stressed:'Do you like it?'Can I help you?'Are you a freshman?b. When they are in the final position, used as short answers to general questions, they are stressed:'Do you like it?Yes, I do.Can you finish in time?Yes, I can.

24、9;Are you a freshman?Yes, I amc. If they are in contracted negative forms, they are stressed:It 'doesn't matter.He 'isnt a doctor.I 'cant ac crept it.2. Modal verbs may, can, must, ought to are usually stressed in the following cases:a. When may expresses the meaning, of possibility,

25、 it bears sentence stress:They 'may 'come this evening.b. When can expresses the meaning of astonishment, it bears sentence stress:'Can it be 'five already?c. When must, ought to express the meaning of strong certainty and expectation, they are stressed:He 'must be in the room.Yo

26、u 'ought to have 'been there.3. Prepositions may be stressed when they are at the beginning of a sentence and followed by an unstressed syllable:'In the box he 'found a letter.4. Subordinate conjunctions are usually stressed when they are at the beginning of a sentence and followed b

27、y an unstressed word:'If you wish, I'll help you.'When he comes, I'll 'tell him about it.5. Reflexive pronouns in emphatic use are usually stressed:He 'couldnt 'come him self. Logical StressApart from sense stress there is another kind of stress which is called logical stress. The distribution of such stresses is subject to the speaker's will. The speaker may put stress on any word he wishes to emphasize. So a word logically stressed may stand at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence and it usually implies some idea of contrast. Fo