1、高中英語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)詳細(xì)講解（3）1、 動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“邏輯主語+being+其他”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的“邏輯主語+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”的一種形式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，being往往可以被省去，這種省去being的結(jié)構(gòu)，稱之為無動(dòng)詞“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。A.邏輯主語+名詞Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十個(gè)學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次競賽，年紀(jì)最小的是個(gè)12歲的男孩。（the youngest和a boy of 12之間省去了 being）注意：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，一是在&quo

2、t; There being +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，二是在邏輯主語是代詞的情況下。There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.因?yàn)槭切瞧谌?，所有辦公室都關(guān)門。B.邏輯主語+形容詞He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺怯地轉(zhuǎn)向=He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那里，嘴張得大大的。（h

3、is mouth和wide open之間省去了 being）=He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.C.邏輯主語+副詞School over, we all went home.放學(xué)了，我們都回家了。（school和over之間省去了 being）=School was over, and we all went home.He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在課桌旁，沒穿鞋子。（his shoes和off之間省去了 being）=He sat at his desk and his shoes were o

4、ff.D .邏輯主語+介詞短語He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.他站在黑板面前，背對(duì)著我們。=He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.新老師面帶微笑走了進(jìn)來。=The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.The teacher came into

5、 the classroom， a rule in his hand.老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一把直尺。= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.提示：在“邏輯主語 +介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里，如果名詞用單數(shù)，可以不用冠詞，同時(shí)介詞短語里的限定詞也可省略。The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音樂老師站在門口,手里拿著一把小提琴。( = The music teacher stood at the door, a violin inhis hand.)2、 with/

6、without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞 with/without + 賓語 +賓語的補(bǔ)足語可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。A with+ 名詞代詞+形容詞He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。= He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。= He stood in the rain, and his cloth

7、es were wet.注意：在 “ with+ 名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing 形式或 -ed形式。With his son so disappointing ， the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。With his father well-known, the boy didn t want to study.父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書。B with+ 名詞代詞+副詞Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的燈都打開時(shí)

8、，我們的學(xué)?？瓷先ジ?。= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父親在前，小孩在后走著。= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.Cwith+ 名詞代詞+介詞短語He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在門口，手里拿著

9、一部電腦。= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D with+ 名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的 -ed 形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作業(yè)做好了，彼

10、得出去玩了。= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信號(hào)發(fā)出了，火車開始起動(dòng)了。= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn t dare go home without the job finished.工作還沒完成，我不敢回家。=I wouldn 't 音弦 dare go home because the job was not finished.E with+ 名詞

11、代詞+動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍，那男子感到很高興。= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。= The girl hid her box and no one knew where

12、 it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁沒人注意的時(shí)候，從窗口溜走了。= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.Fwith+ 名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩看上去很不開心。= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.Th

13、e kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動(dòng)。The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：在 withwithout 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒再說什么話就離開了會(huì)議室。( without 不能省略)3、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)

14、立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上， “獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。A 作狀語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句或并列分句。1 表示時(shí)間Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降臨，我們?cè)谝患倚÷灭^住了下來。 ( = When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. )All the guests seated, they began their dinner

15、.所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。( = When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner. )With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家了。( After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home. )2表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president

16、 is having a hard time.有許多難題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。( = As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. )There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜沒有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk

17、 home at midnight.)3表示條件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天氣允許的話，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。( = If weather permits ， we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week. )All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。( =As long as all the work is done, you can have a r

18、est. )Everything 提示：表示時(shí)間、原因、條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。【誤】 When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】 Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下課了，學(xué)生都離開了教室?！菊`】 The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】 The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出來了，他們繼續(xù)趕路

19、。4表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那個(gè)奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。（ = The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand. ）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.殺人犯被帶了進(jìn)來，手被捆在背后。（ =The murderer was brought i

20、n, and his hands were tied behind his back. ）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童。（ Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children. ）B 作定語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. （with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾thestudent）他就是有許多問題要解決的那個(gè)人。= He is the person who has a lo