1、Look at these sentences. The phrase and clause underlined are used as appositive (同位語同位語).1. Although Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.2. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Discovering useful structures同位語是句子成分的一種同位語是

2、句子成分的一種, 它位于名詞、它位于名詞、代詞后面代詞后面, 說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況, 它它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。句充當(dāng)。同位語同位語 the appositive同位語的表現(xiàn)形式：同位語的表現(xiàn)形式：1) 名詞名詞 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 2) 代詞代詞 I myself will do the experiment.3) 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 She is the oldest among them six.4) 從句從句 He told me the news that the pla

3、ne had exploded. 他告訴我飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。他告訴我飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。5) 由由such as, that is引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些學(xué)科某些學(xué)科, 如數(shù)學(xué)和物理如數(shù)學(xué)和物理, 是很難學(xué)的。是很難學(xué)的。6) 由由of引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自從自從2000年以來年以來, 北京市發(fā)生了很大北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化的變化。7) 由由or引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) The fr

4、eezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 結(jié)冰溫度即冰點(diǎn)結(jié)冰溫度即冰點(diǎn), 是水在常壓下結(jié)冰是水在常壓下結(jié)冰時(shí)的溫度。時(shí)的溫度。1) 同位語從句同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中用作在復(fù)合句中用作同位語同位語的從句稱的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。位語的作用。同位語從句同位語從句the appositive clause它一般放在它一般放在f

5、act, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名詞的后面等名詞的后面, 對對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 說明前面名詞說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that, 連接副詞連接副詞how, when, where, whether, what等。等。e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem wheth

6、er we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back. 同位語從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它同位語從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開。和名詞隔開。注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.2) 同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式: 由由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) The fact that you dont

7、have enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet. The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later develope

8、d a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 由由whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) I have no idea when they will go.3) 有時(shí)可用有時(shí)可用namely (即即), that is to say (也就是說也就是說), in other words (換句話說換句話說), that is(那就是那就是), for example等引出同位語等引出同位語

9、, 說明其前說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時(shí)同位語直面的名詞或代詞。有時(shí)同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。 He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.4) 同位語從句

10、與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別: 同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常?；焱徽Z從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜? 我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面區(qū)別它們我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面區(qū)別它們: 同位語從句同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞; 定語從句定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。抽象的也有不抽象的。 同位語從句同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系輯關(guān)系； 定語從句定語從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。 同位語從句同位

11、語從句主要由連接詞主要由連接詞that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), 有時(shí)有時(shí)也可用也可用when, where, who, whether等引等引導(dǎo)導(dǎo); 定語從句定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞不可省略引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞不可省略; 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)常引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴？墒÷?。 The news that

12、he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個(gè)完整句子一個(gè)完整句子, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用be的不的不同形式同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)表語從句此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)表語從句: The news was that their team had won.區(qū)別下列句子哪些是同位語從句區(qū)別下列句子哪些是同位語從句, 哪些是哪些是定語

13、從句。定語從句。1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three parts is known to many.2. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句3. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.同位語從句同位語從句4. The state that consi

14、sts of three countries is developing very fast.定語從句定語從句5. The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.6. The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./ The fact

15、 worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語從句的復(fù)合句從句的復(fù)合句。2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last n

16、ight that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the

17、idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.1. We dont think you two have met before. 我們想你們兩位以前沒

18、有見過面。我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。 (賓語從句賓語從句)翻譯句子翻譯句子, ,并說明這個(gè)名詞性從句的作用并說明這個(gè)名詞性從句的作用。2. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 約翰肯定會考好。約翰肯定會考好。 (主語從句主語從句)3. Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much. 他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。 (主語從句主語從句)4. Now is when we need him most. 現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時(shí)候?，F(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時(shí)候。 (表語從句表語從句)5. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿過那個(gè)森林的。我不知道她是如何穿過那個(gè)森林的。 (同位語從句同位語從句)6. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他們獲獎的事實(shí)令我們高興。他們獲獎