1、中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1.1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：1)1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以輔音加以輔音加y y結(jié)尾的，去結(jié)尾的，去y y變變i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母， 先雙寫該輔音字母，再加先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：amisarebe

2、enhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone 部分常見的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：部分常見的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： go-went-gone do-did-donehave/has-had-had take-took-taken eat-ate-eaten see-saw-seenspeak-spoke-spoken write-wrote-written sing-sang-sung build-built-builtgrow-grew-grown make-made-made am/is/are-was/were-been send-sent-sent 英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)英語的謂

3、語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is spoken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語賓變主賓變主,主變賓主變賓,原主前加原主前加by動(dòng)變被動(dòng)變被,看清看清be, 結(jié)構(gòu)分別結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+ pp主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成： be+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（be+done)be+done)He plants trees in spring. 主謂賓(受動(dòng)者)Treesare planted byhim改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)in spring.主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語找賓語 -即

4、動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 -即即by+ 主語主語/ 賓語賓語. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The

5、 windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)口訣主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，賓語提前主語變，原主變賓原主變賓by后見，后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主謂謂賓賓(受動(dòng)者受動(dòng)者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls every day.主主謂謂賓賓(受動(dòng)者受動(dòng)者)Bowls are w

6、ashed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S(主語）主語）+am/is /are +過去分詞過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are +p.p. We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.2. They bought ten computers last te

7、rm Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞 He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)was/were+p.p.He made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：S+ will be+

8、過去分詞過去分詞一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：am/is /are +P.Pwas/we

9、re +P.P.will+be+ P.P. 練習(xí)一練習(xí)一My mother made the soup.2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer.3.The boy broke the window The soup was made by my mother. My computer will be repaired by Uncle Wang.The window was broken by the boy.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。這塊手表是中國制造的。This watch is made in C

10、hina.2. 沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。Many trees should be planted every year.何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？ 3. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。世界上越來越多的人說漢語。世界上越來越多的人說漢語。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。許多房屋被沖走了。許多房屋被沖走了。Many houses were washed away by the fl

11、ood.5、漢語中含有、漢語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時(shí)。等詞時(shí)。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫來的。叫來的。6、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 7、漢語中含有、漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有人有人說說”、“大家說大家說”等時(shí)。例如：等時(shí)。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mot

12、her died of SARS.眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測(cè)說據(jù)推測(cè)說 It is supposed that 補(bǔ)充部分補(bǔ)充部分1. 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語為物，可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意義。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be w

13、orth doing中,doing表被動(dòng)意義。例：This book is worth reading. 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行車需要修理。1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom t

14、wice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. Last

15、 year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year. was built5.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.6.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)“賓”，用 be加上“過去分”?！癰e

16、”要隨著主語變，人稱時(shí)態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。“行為對(duì)象”作主語，邏輯主語“by”來引。原句若是雙賓語，一變“主”來一保“賓”。“間賓”要把主語變，原來“直賓”還是“賓”?！爸辟e”要把主語變，“間賓”前加“to”最稱心。唯有原“賓”是“復(fù)合”，只有變賓要當(dāng)心。原句“賓補(bǔ)”變“主補(bǔ)”，位置不必挪寸分。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變“被動(dòng)”，情態(tài)加be加過分。如若“情態(tài)”后帶to，變后有to才弄準(zhǔn)?！岸陶Z動(dòng)詞”變“被動(dòng)”，相當(dāng)“及物”莫疑心。不過其后“介”或“副”，變后還得要承認(rèn)。課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)（一）改寫句子（一）改寫句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spr

17、ing every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA letter is going to be written(二二)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1

18、) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4) French_ (speak) in France. was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed1 （陜西（陜西2013）Driving after drinking wine _ in China.A allows B doesnt allowC is allowed D isnt allowed2 (陜西陜西2014 ）A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.A starts B is startedC has started D was startedDD深度觀察深度觀察Thank you for listening!人有了知識(shí)，就會(huì)具備各種分析能力，人有了知識(shí)，就會(huì)具備各種分析能力