1、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成分詞在句中可以作分詞在句中可以作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。I. Participle used as attributes （定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)） 位置位置: 單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語(yǔ)則在名詞后單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語(yǔ)則在名詞后,被分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯被分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)。 The stolen car was found by the police last week.受傷的工人受傷的工人are b

2、eing treated well.The injured workersThe missing boy was found by the police last week.在這里工作的農(nóng)民在這里工作的農(nóng)民 are very busy.The farmers working here 2. 作用作用-相當(dāng)于一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句（2）The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is

3、 there anything planned for tonight ？= The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 注：注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）（表示完成） The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.（表示正在進(jìn)行）（表示正在進(jìn)行） II. Participles used as pre

4、dictive（表語(yǔ)）表語(yǔ)）1. 分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)， 其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。 The movie was exciting. She was excited. 現(xiàn)在分詞：主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在分詞：主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人令人”，表主動(dòng)，表主動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞：主語(yǔ)的感受，過(guò)去分詞：主語(yǔ)的感受，“感到感到”，表被動(dòng)，表被動(dòng) They feel disappointed at the election. How disappointing the election is! 這場(chǎng)選舉多么令人失望這場(chǎng)選舉多么令人失望! !他們對(duì)這場(chǎng)選

5、舉感到失望他們對(duì)這場(chǎng)選舉感到失望. . Can you make a sentence? -ing vs -ed常見(jiàn)的這類此有：常見(jiàn)的這類此有：interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worryingworriedIII. Past participle used as the Object Complemen

6、t (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的動(dòng)詞：的動(dòng)詞： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被”e.g. I want the work finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room cleaned. Get sth. done; have sth. done2. 2. 表表“感覺(jué)，感覺(jué)， 心理狀態(tài)心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(賓

7、語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) + p.p.e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police. People found the water polluted. Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese? 這里這里object是是 感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)但對(duì)于但對(duì)于p.p.來(lái)說(shuō)來(lái)說(shuō),是主動(dòng)關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 不定式不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞, 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:三者與賓語(yǔ)邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系三者與賓語(yǔ)邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間

8、的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，完成強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，完成I saw her come into the classroom. I saw her coming into the classroom. I saw her taken out of the classroom.3.3.使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞: :make, get, have, keep,leave, etc. e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the tabl

9、e cloth. He had his watch repaired.4. 在在“with / without賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)(過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系賓關(guān)系。e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?_tie的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)IV. Participles used as the Adverbial(狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ))分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 When he was asked why he did it, he began to cry.1. 分詞作分詞作

10、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Asked why he did it, he began to cry.When he was answering the question, he began to cry. Answering the question, he began to cry. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.2. 分詞作分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句(If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you.Spending more time,

11、I can catch up with you.(If I )spend more time, I can catch up with you.3. 分詞作分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Since he was brought up in the village, he knows many people there. Brought up in the village, he knows many people there.Living in the countryside, he knows many flowers names.(Since he) lives

12、 in the countryside, he knows many flowers names.Although they were defeated many times, they continued to fight.4. 分詞作分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Failing, I will never give up.Although I failed, I will never give up.Defeated many times, they continue to fight.The teacher entered the classroom and

13、he was followed by a group of students.5. 表示方式和伴隨情況表示方式和伴隨情況時(shí)時(shí), 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分。并列的謂語(yǔ)成分。The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of student.The teacher entered the classroom, bringing our test paper.The teacher entered the classroom (and he) brought our test paper.分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 為

14、了使意義更加明確為了使意義更加明確,也可以在分詞前也可以在分詞前加上對(duì)應(yīng)的連詞加上對(duì)應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if 等等4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.3. Since living in the countryside, he knows many flowers names.2. If spending more time, Ill catch up with you.1. When asked why he did it, he began to cry.注意：帶有連詞的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句注意：帶有連

15、詞的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句,省略的部分為省略的部分為主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+be的相應(yīng)變化形式的相應(yīng)變化形式.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別_London (夜里參觀倫敦夜里參觀倫敦)at night, you feel like in a dream._ (當(dāng)有人夜里來(lái)訪當(dāng)有人夜里來(lái)訪)at night , you must make sure the visitor is really your friend.When visitingWhen visited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。 分詞的動(dòng)作是主句

16、的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之用過(guò)去分詞。反之用過(guò)去分詞。_ (寫(xiě)完了所有寫(xiě)完了所有的信之后的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Having finished all my letters_ (信寫(xiě)完之后信寫(xiě)完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 從山頂看，從山頂看， 我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。 從山頂看，從山頂看， 公園很美麗。公園很美麗。Seeing from the top o

17、f the hill, we can see a beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful. 1）Seeing from the tower，you will see the whole city. 2）Seen from the tower，you will be like small ant. 3）I found a pot containing many old coins. 4）I have got a pot found under the ground by accident. 5）I h

18、eard the girl singing when I passed by her room. 6）I have heard the girl beaten to death by her boss._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in

19、 the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to Lost2. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有：類似的還有： Generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái) Given 鑒于鑒于 Judging from/by 根據(jù)根據(jù)來(lái)看來(lái)看 Considering 考慮到考慮到 Supposing that 假如假如 Talking of 說(shuō)到說(shuō)到 Seeing (that) 鑒于，由于鑒于，由于 固定用法：固定用法：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由

20、“邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞或代詞）邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞或代詞）+分詞分詞”構(gòu)構(gòu)成成 使用前提：使用前提： 分詞的主語(yǔ)分詞的主語(yǔ) 與與 主句主語(yǔ)主句主語(yǔ) 不同不同1邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 表示主動(dòng)的意義表示主動(dòng)的意義 班長(zhǎng)回來(lái)后，我們一起討論了問(wèn)題班長(zhǎng)回來(lái)后，我們一起討論了問(wèn)題 名詞名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句 When our monitor came back, we Our monitor coming back, we discussed the topic together. All being well, the project will be finished

21、 in four months.= If all is well, 代詞代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was over.= As nobody had any more to say, 代詞代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句 She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind.= She walked along the path and her daughter follo

22、wed close behind.代詞代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，伴隨意義，相當(dāng)于并列句現(xiàn)在分詞，伴隨意義，相當(dāng)于并列句2邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 表示被動(dòng)的意義表示被動(dòng)的意義 This done, all of us went home.= When this was done, all of us went home.代詞代詞+過(guò)去分詞，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去分詞，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.= If good luck is given, I will earn more money t

23、han all of you.名詞名詞+過(guò)去分詞，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去分詞，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.= He was lying on the grass and his hands crossed under his head.代詞代詞+過(guò)去分詞，伴隨意義，相當(dāng)于并列句過(guò)去分詞，伴隨意義，相當(dāng)于并列句3邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+分詞的完成式分詞的完成式 或分詞的完成被動(dòng)式或分詞的完成被動(dòng)式 因?yàn)榈卣鸫輾Я怂麄兊募覉@，他們移到了洞里。因?yàn)榈卣鸫輾Я怂麄兊募覉@，他們移到了洞里。 = As

24、 the earthquake had destroyed their house, The earthquake having destroyed their house, they had to move into a cave.名詞名詞+分詞的完成式，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句分詞的完成式，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句 賊已被擒，我們放心了。賊已被擒，我們放心了。 The thief having been caught, they felt relieved.名詞名詞+分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句 The moon having risen, we took

25、a walk in the fields.= When the moon had risen, 名詞名詞+分詞的完成式，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句分詞的完成式，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 So much time having been spent, the work is only half done.= Though so much time has been spent, 名詞名詞+分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句從句4There + being + 其他成分其他成分 There being nothing to do, we had to leave earlier

26、.= As there was nothing to do, =Having nothing to do, we had to leave earlier.現(xiàn)在分詞的慣用語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞的慣用語(yǔ)feel like doing= intend to doeg.Ifeellikesleeping.It goes without saying that= It is needless to say thateg.Itgoeswithoutsayingthathewillnevergiveup.There is no doing= It is impossible to doeg.Thereisnogoin

27、goutbecauseoftheheavyrain.be on the point of doing= be about to doeg.Hewasonthepointofleavingwhenthetelephonerang.Exercise: The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the

28、 washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A.it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew

29、 look.A.planting B.plantedC.to plant D.to be planted5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,but

30、 you cant make yourself_in English. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlockingC.left,