1、非謂語動詞過去分詞過去分詞: v-ed不定式不定式: (to) dov-ing 形式形式動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(六六) 非謂語動詞的常見變形非謂語動詞的常見變形1. 不定式不定式 to do 一般式一般式 to be done 一般式的被動語態(tài)一般式的被動語態(tài) to have done 完成式完成式 to have been done 完成式的被動語態(tài)完成式的被動語態(tài) for/of sb. to do sth 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)2. 動名詞動名詞 doing 一般式一般式 being done 被動被動 sbs doing 動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 3. 分詞分詞 doin

2、g 主動主動/正在進行正在進行 being done 正在進行的動作的被動正在進行的動作的被動 having done 該動作早于謂語動詞的動作該動作早于謂語動詞的動作 having been done 完成式的被動語態(tài)完成式的被動語態(tài) done 被動被動/已完成已完成 sb./sth. doing 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) sb./sth. done 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 4. 所有非謂語動詞的否定式，都是將所有非謂語動詞的否定式，都是將 not前置前置5. 非謂語動詞的前后結(jié)構(gòu)要對稱。非謂語動詞的前后結(jié)構(gòu)要對稱。Review the general function of non-fi

3、nite verbs (Tickor)(一一). 不定式和動名詞作主語不定式和動名詞作主語I. 不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,可以用可以用it作形式主語作形式主語.1. It is important _ Tom to get that job.2. It is kind _ you to help me with my English.forof總結(jié)總結(jié): It is +adj.+for/of sb to do sth的結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中,若此形容詞是說明的是不定式的性質(zhì)時若此形容詞是說明的是不定式的性質(zhì)時, 則用則用_; 若說明的是人若說明的是人(sb.)的特性的特性, 則用則用_. It i

4、s nice_ you to help me with my English.2. It is necessary _you to improve your spoken English.offorforofII. 動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習(xí)慣表達法動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習(xí)慣表達法1. It is no use (good) + 動名詞動名詞 “做某事沒用做某事沒用(不好不好)”*Its no use crying over spilt milk. _。*在公共場合隨地吐痰在公共場合隨地吐痰(spit)不好。不好。 _.*未來的事無法知道。未來的事無法知道。 _.*說不清未來會發(fā)生什么。說不

5、清未來會發(fā)生什么。 _。 2. There is no + doing(動名詞動名詞) “無法無法.，不能，不能.” (= It is impossible to do sth.)覆水難收覆水難收Its no good spitting in publicThere is no knowing what may happenThere is no telling what may happen in the future.1. 散步是鍛煉的一種好方法。散步是鍛煉的一種好方法。2. 教這些孩子是我今天下午的工作。教這些孩子是我今天下午的工作。Walking is a good form of e

6、xercise.To teach these children is my job this afternoon.III. 動名詞和不定式作主語的區(qū)別動名詞和不定式作主語的區(qū)別 總結(jié)總結(jié): 不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別to do作主語時常表示某一次具體的動作作主語時常表示某一次具體的動作, 具有偶然性具有偶然性;doing(動名詞動名詞)表示習(xí)慣性的動作表示習(xí)慣性的動作, 往往表往往表 抽象概念。抽象概念。 注意注意: 該規(guī)則同樣適用于作賓語該規(guī)則同樣適用于作賓語, 表語表語. 比如比如: like to do / like doing Practice -What d

7、o you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bike. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC 1. She has no pencil _. A. to write with B. to write about C. to write D. write in 2. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attendingAB若作定語的動詞不定式是若作定語的動

8、詞不定式是vi, 后必須要后必須要 有介詞有介詞不定式作定語不定式作定語3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playingB不定式不定式做做定語定語時時: (1). to do 表示事情由句子主語自己做表示事情由句子主語自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由別人做表示事情由別

9、人做; 4. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _. A. drunk B. to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking 5. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answeredBA不定式不定式常作常作不定代詞和序數(shù)詞、形容詞不定代詞和序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、最高級、last、next修飾的名詞修飾的名詞的后置定的后置定語語不定式作定語總結(jié)：不定式作定語總結(jié)：

10、1. 若作定語的動詞不定式是若作定語的動詞不定式是vi, 后必須后必須 要有介詞要有介詞;2. (1). to do 表示事情由句子主語自己做表示事情由句子主語自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由別人做表示事情由別人做;3. 不定式不定式常作常作不定代詞不定代詞和和序數(shù)詞、形容詞序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、最高級、last、next修飾的名詞修飾的名詞的后置定的后置定語。語。II. 動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別總結(jié)總結(jié): (1) 動名詞動名詞作定語作定語表示所修飾的名詞的表示所修飾的名詞的 功能或用途功能或用途, 可用可用for改寫；改寫； (2) 現(xiàn)在分

11、詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語作定語表示表示“主動主動/正在進正在進 行行”或或“令人感覺令人感覺”可用定語可用定語 從句改寫。從句改寫。swimming pool, waiting room, walking sticka sleeping car = a car _ _a sleeping child = a child _ _ _for sleepingwho is sleepingIII. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語飄雪飄雪_ 落葉落葉_The underground system _ _ (build) now in the city will be open next ye

12、ar.總結(jié)總結(jié): v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語: _ _ v-ed過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語: _ _ falling snowfallen leavesbeing built表示表示“主動，正在進行主動，正在進行/令人感覺怎么樣令人感覺怎么樣”表示表示“被動，已完成被動，已完成/人自身感覺怎么樣人自身感覺怎么樣”Practice The court hears about 120 cases a year and visitors are welcome to see a case _. A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguing D.

13、being argued2. Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying3. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they were nowhere _. A. to find B. to have found C. to be found D. being foundDBC(三三) 補足語補足語: 主語補足語主語補足語&賓語補足語賓語補足語

14、 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not toAI. ?？梢愿？梢愿鷗o do 做賓補或主補的動詞有做賓補或主補的動詞有1. allow sb. to do sth. ask/advise/encourage/expect/force/would like/love/hate/order/teach/tell/want/warnwish/forbid/get等。等。2. 使役使役/感官動詞

15、的被動語態(tài)常作主補感官動詞的被動語態(tài)常作主補 have/make/see sb. do sth. (賓補賓補)sb. be made to do sth. (主補主補) II. 只能跟只能跟do (不含不含to的不定式的不定式) 作賓補的動詞作賓補的動詞1. 感官動詞感官動詞 (記憶口訣記憶口訣) 一感一感: feel 二聽二聽: hear, listen to (全過程全過程) 三讓三讓: let, make, have 四看四看: see, watch, notice, observe(全過程全過程)2. 使役動詞使役動詞have/make/let(等等)sb. do sth.III. 分

16、詞作賓補分詞作賓補1. have/make/let/get/see/hear(等等) sth.+v-ed/v-ing 2. with sth.(n.) + v-ing/v-ed/3. leave sb. + v-ing/v-ed/Practice Please remind me _ the medicine tomorrow. A. of taking B. taking C. to take D. take2. -Do you have anything more _, sir? -No. You can have a rest or do something else. A. typin

17、g B. to be typed C. typed D. to typeCB3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting4. Though I have often heard this song _. I have never heard you _ it. A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing C. sung, sing D. to be sung, t

18、o singDC(四四) 狀語狀語(1). John raised his voice _. A. to make himself heard B. making himself heard C. to make himself hear D. making himself hear(2). Mr. Smith arrived home _. A. to find his purse steal B. to find his purse stolen C. find his purse stolen D. finding his purse steal(3). He hurried to th

19、e station only _(find ) the train left.BA(表目的表目的)(表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)to find(表意料之外結(jié)果表意料之外結(jié)果)狀語總結(jié)狀語總結(jié): 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語, 表目的表目的/結(jié)果結(jié)果(往往指往往指 意料之外的結(jié)果意料之外的結(jié)果), 但要注意其邏輯主語應(yīng)但要注意其邏輯主語應(yīng) 與句子的主語保持一致與句子的主語保持一致.All these gifts must be mailed at once_ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C.

20、so as to be received D. so as to be receivingC狀語總結(jié)狀語總結(jié):2. 分詞作狀語分詞作狀語 *v-ing: 主動、正在進行主動、正在進行/表自然而然的結(jié)果表自然而然的結(jié)果 *v-ed: 被動、已完成被動、已完成 *當(dāng)分詞的動作前無自己的邏輯主語，則當(dāng)分詞的動作前無自己的邏輯主語，則 將其主語看成主句的主語，將其主語看成主句的主語， 而此時若表被而此時若表被 動常省略掉從句中的主語和系動詞動常省略掉從句中的主語和系動詞*If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious= Putting more salt into the soup, you will find*When he was asked about his family, he made no answer.