1、2021/3/261Grammar2021/3/262Grammar(1)Conversion2021/3/263詞性轉化指的是單詞從一個詞類轉到詞性轉化指的是單詞從一個詞類轉到另一個詞類而不發(fā)生詞形的變化。它另一個詞類而不發(fā)生詞形的變化。它包括很多類別包括很多類別,如名詞如名詞 動詞、動詞動詞、動詞 名詞、形容詞名詞、形容詞 動詞、副詞動詞、副詞 動詞等。動詞等。2021/3/264 1.名詞轉化為動詞名詞轉化為動詞 2.形容詞轉化為動詞形容詞轉化為動詞 3. 副詞轉化為動詞副詞轉化為動詞 4. 動詞轉化為名詞動詞轉化為名詞 5. 形容詞轉化為名詞形容詞轉化為名詞2021/3/2651. 名

2、詞轉化為動詞名詞轉化為動詞1) 許多表示物件的名詞可轉化為動詞來表示動作許多表示物件的名詞可轉化為動詞來表示動作2021/3/266Who chaired the meeting? 誰主持會議誰主持會議? It can seat a thousand people. 能坐一千人。能坐一千人。 Each apartment can house a family of six. 每套房間可以住一戶六口之家。每套房間可以住一戶六口之家。 I hope we can room together. 我希望我們能住同一個房間。我希望我們能住同一個房間。 This helped to bridge over

3、 our difficulties. 這幫助我們度過了困難。這幫助我們度過了困難。 They flowered well but bore little fruit. 它們花開得很好它們花開得很好,但果結得不多。但果結得不多。 2021/3/2672) 表示身體某部分的名詞轉化為動詞表示身體某部分的名詞轉化為動詞2021/3/268HandHand in your exercise-books, in your exercise-books, please. please. 請把練習本交上來。請把練習本交上來。 Well Well backback you up. you up. 我們將作你的

4、后盾。我們將作你的后盾。 Who Who headedheaded the delegation? the delegation? 誰任代表團團長誰任代表團團長? ? 2021/3/2693) 表示某類人的名詞轉化為動詞表示某類人的名詞轉化為動詞 2021/3/2610If so, we shall be badly fooled. 如果這樣我們就會上大當。如果這樣我們就會上大當。 He insisted on staying up to nurse the child. 他堅持不睡覺來護理這個小孩。他堅持不睡覺來護理這個小孩。 We were hosted by members of the

5、 embassy. 我們受到大使館成員的款待。我們受到大使館成員的款待。2021/3/26114) 抽象名詞等轉化為動詞抽象名詞等轉化為動詞 2021/3/2612Where do swallows winter? 燕子在哪里燕子在哪里過冬過冬? We summered by Lake Geneva. 我們在日內瓦湖畔我們在日內瓦湖畔度過夏天度過夏天。 For six days and nights they battled to save his life. 他們他們苦戰(zhàn)苦戰(zhàn)了六晝夜來搶救他的生命。了六晝夜來搶救他的生命。 Through my childhood, I had hunger

6、ed for education. 我從小就我從小就盼望盼望上學。上學。 2021/3/26135）特定場合下的轉化）特定場合下的轉化 His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他再說理時他再說理時“如果如果”和和“但是但是”用得太多用得太多了。了。 This book is a must for students of electronics. 這是學電子學的學生的一本必讀書。這是學電子學的學生的一本必讀書。 Follow the following dos and donts in the lab. 在實驗室一定要遵守在實驗室一定要遵守“能做

7、的事能做的事”和和“不不能做的事能做的事”。2021/3/26142.形容詞轉化為動詞形容詞轉化為動詞2021/3/2615 Dry, narrow, quiet, clear, warm, slow, tidy 等詞都可轉化為動詞。等詞都可轉化為動詞。 The room gradually quieted down. 屋里慢慢的靜了下來。屋里慢慢的靜了下來。 They finally freed themselves from slaves. 他們最后把自己從奴隸制度下解放出來。他們最后把自己從奴隸制度下解放出來。 Please tidy your room. 請整理好你的房間。請整理好你的

8、房間。2021/3/2616The train slowed down to half its speed. 火車速度慢了一半?；疖囁俣嚷艘话?。 This is the chief way of narrowing the difference between them. 這是縮小他們之間差距的主要辦法。這是縮小他們之間差距的主要辦法。 Please warm up the dish over the stove. 請把菜放在爐子上加熱一下。請把菜放在爐子上加熱一下。 The room gradually quieted down. 室內慢慢靜了下來。室內慢慢靜了下來。 2021/3/261

9、73. 副詞轉化為動詞副詞轉化為動詞This helped to further their unity. 這有助于促進他們的團結。這有助于促進他們的團結。Truth will out. 真相總會大白的。真相總會大白的。3000 workers there downed tools. 那兒三千工人罷工了。那兒三千工人罷工了。Please forward the letter to my new address. 請把信轉到我的新地址。請把信轉到我的新地址。She will off and do her own things. 她將走掉去做自己的事。她將走掉去做自己的事。2021/3/26184

10、. 動詞轉化為名詞動詞轉化為名詞We stopped there for a swim. 我我們在那兒停下來游了一會兒泳。們在那兒停下來游了一會兒泳。 This is for winter wear. Dont make it too tight. 這是冬天穿的這是冬天穿的,別做得太緊。別做得太緊。 I like a quiet read after supper. 晚飯后我喜歡靜靜地看一會兒書。晚飯后我喜歡靜靜地看一會兒書。Women have an equal say in everything. 婦女在各方面都有同等的發(fā)言權。婦女在各方面都有同等的發(fā)言權。 2021/3/2619*有時動

11、詞轉化成名詞后意思有一定的變化有時動詞轉化成名詞后意思有一定的變化 He has about the same build as his brother. 他的體型和他哥哥差不多。他的體型和他哥哥差不多。 Women have equal say in everything. 婦女在各方面都有同等的發(fā)言權。婦女在各方面都有同等的發(fā)言權。 He won two games; the other two were draws. 他贏了兩局他贏了兩局,另外兩局打平了。另外兩局打平了。 2021/3/26205.形容詞轉化為名詞形容詞轉化為名詞 He didnt want to disturb the

12、 quiet needed by patients. 他不愿打擾病人需要的安靜環(huán)境。他不愿打擾病人需要的安靜環(huán)境。 The boy is a dear. 他是個招人喜愛的孩子。他是個招人喜愛的孩子。 There is only one black in my class. 我們班上只有一名黑人學生。我們班上只有一名黑人學生。 2021/3/2621Exercise: Rewrite the sentences as the example shows.Example: Whats the answer? They want me to answer the question. 1. The C

13、hicago Bulls won their first championship in 1991. There was a first championship _ for the Chicago Bulls in 1991.win2021/3/26222. Jordan surprised everyone when he retired. It was _ for everyone when he retired.3. They changed the rules of the game to try to stop him. There was _ in the rules to tr

14、y to stop him.a surprisea change2021/3/2623More Exercise1. His answer was “No”.He _ “No”.2. My dream was to play for the Shanghai Sharks.I _ of playing for the Shanghai Sharks.answereddreamed2021/3/26243. The interviewer asked Michael Jordan some questions about his career. The interview _ Michael J

15、ordan about his career.4. At the end of the first half the score was 2-0 to China. China _ 2-0 at the end of the first half.questionedscored2021/3/26255. The star of the film was a young basketball player, Leroy. A young basketball player, Leroy, _ in the film. starred2021/3/2626Exercise 3.1. A lot

16、of young boys _ about playing in the NBA.2. The _ of the game was incredible 169 to 147.3. Michael Jordan was the biggest _ of the Chicago Bulls for many years.4. My uncle _ as a trainer for the Shanghai Sharks.5. The teacher often asks us _ about basketball.dreamworkstarresultquestionnounnounverbno

17、unverbworkedquestionsdreamresultstar2021/3/2627Answers to exercise 4.1. broke2. head3. record4. played5. headed6. recorded7. play 8. break 2021/3/2628Read the following sentences, paying specialattention to the underlined words.1. Chamberlain averaged over 50 points a game for an entire season.2. Hi

18、s average was more than 30 points a game.3. Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season.4. The final score was 169-147.v. v. 平均平均n. n. 平均數平均數v. v. 得分得分n. n. 得分得分2021/3/2629Complete the sentences with the words. He _ his arm playing basketball. Yao Ming injured his _ duri

19、ng a game. Jordans total of points is a world _. Chamberlain _ for four different NBA teams.Break head play record dreamBreak head play record dreambrokebrokeheadheadrecordrecordplayedplayed2021/3/2630 After the game, the funs _ for the exit. We _ the commentary of the game on a cassette. Has there

20、been a film or a _ about basketball? Many boys _ about playing in the NBA. There was a ten-minute _ in the game, because a player was injured. His childhood _ has come true.headedheadedrecordedrecordedplayplaydreamdreambreakbreakdreamdreamBreak head play record dreamBreak head play record dreamBreak

21、 head play record dreamBreak head play record dream2021/3/2631happy unhappy（加前綴）（加前綴）black adj.（黑）（黑）to blacken v.（使變（使變黑）黑）(加后綴）加后綴）名詞兼動詞的名詞兼動詞的care的派生詞有的派生詞有:careful adj. carefully adv. carefulness n. Grammar(2)2021/3/2632派生法（派生法（derivation）定義定義:派生法是在一個單詞派生法是在一個單詞(詞根詞根)加上前綴加上前綴(prefix)或后綴或后綴(suffi

22、x),構成一個新單詞構成一個新單詞的構詞法。的構詞法。2021/3/2633前綴prefix1.non-,un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il- +adj/adv/n表否定意義表否定意義 2. un-,dis+v 表相反表相反3. mis+v, 表表“錯錯”“”“誤誤”2021/3/26347.由前綴由前綴a-構成的副詞構成的副詞 前綴a-表達了介詞at, on, in, away, from, up, to, out的詞義。 afloat(飄浮著),abreast(并肩地,并排地),afoot(在步行中,在進行中),ashore(上岸,在陸上),aside(在旁邊,到旁邊),abo

23、ard(在船上),afire(燃燒著)。2021/3/2635-ard, -art, 表示表示“做做的人的人” coward, laggard, braggart(夸張者夸張者)2021/3/2636-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent-ish boyish, girlish, childish,foolish2021/3/26374. 副詞后綴副詞后綴-ly 表方式表方式,程度程度 possibly, swiftly, simply, freely, clearly-ward, -wards 向向.; 朝朝.方向方向 downward, upwar

24、d,forward,eastward;inwards, afterwards-ways 在在.方向方向,以以.方式方式 always, sideways,crossways(交叉地交叉地)-wise 在在.位置位置,以以.方向方向 otherwise, clockwise(順時針方向地順時針方向地)2021/3/2638 -ish, 表示表示“使使,令令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish -ate, 表示表示“成為成為,處理處理,作用作用” separate, operate, indicate 2021/3/2639用法用法 例詞例詞n +fulpo

25、werful hopeful wonderful painful beautiful helpfuln. +less構構成詞義相反成詞義相反的的adjendless homeless careless fearlessn,. + icHistoric artistic fantastic dramatic poeticn. + alNational environmentaln. + iveActive expensive2021/3/2640用法用法例詞例詞n.+ ousfamous courageous n. + ablecomfortable reasonablen.+ iblesens

26、ible responsiblen. + y rainy sunny cloudy windyn. + lyfriendly monthly2021/3/26412. 形容詞后綴形容詞后綴-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-al natural, additional, educational-an, ane urban, suburban, republican-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent-ish boyish, childish -ful

27、beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ous dangerous, generous, courageous, various2021/3/26424. 副詞后綴副詞后綴-ly possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards downward, inwards, upward-ways always, sideways-wise otherwise, clockwise2021/3/2643 用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. If you go by train, you can hav

28、e quite a _(comfort) journey, but make sure that you take an express train.2. She is a teacher with _(end) patience, so all children in her class like her very much. comfortable endless2021/3/26443. After _ (care) consideration we decided to offer you the job. 4. She was on _ (friend) terms with most of the hospital staff. 5. No matter how _ (power) the enemy seem, we must fight them to the end.carefulfriendlypowerful2021/3/2645Exercise Write sentences about your favourite sport or pastime. Use as many words as you can from Activity 4.2021/3/2646