1、2016 職稱英語真題及答案 綜合 A第 1 部分：詞匯選項 （第 1 15 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分）下面每個句子中均有1 個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1 個意義最為接近的選項。1. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A. honestB.qualifiedC. enabledD.clever2. The latest car model embodies the new research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD.broadens3. The coastal a

2、rea has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremeA. severe B.hard C.warmD. dry4. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A. gradeB.attractC. bearD. suffer5. He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill. A.oldB.bigC. newD.small6.

3、The weather was so gorgeous thatmany people went outing.A. uncontrollableB. pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable7. Competitors must abide by thejudges decisionA. keepB. readC. understandD. obey8. The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefu

4、lly9. Some newspapers in the west are notably biased. A.especiallyB.whollyC. totallyD. fairly10. His answers were obscure and confusing. A.unclearB.obviousC. clearD. direct11. The way she looked after her youngsister was really touchingA. disturbingB. connecting C.movingD.waving12. We are worried ab

5、out this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitable C.changeableD.adaptable13. They have built canals to irrigatethe desert.A. decorateB.changeC. visitD.water14. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. outstandingB. realC. creativeD. false15. The new garment fits her per

6、fectly.A. clothesB.haircutC. purseD.necklace第 2 部分：閱讀判斷 （第 16 22 題，每題 1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇 A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇 C 。Income taxFor many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to reg

7、ister ones annual earnings with the US government.That last item is the law, though sometimes its a hassle(難事 )to obey.Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system amazingly complicated. But he adds that very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are jus

8、t beginning their careers. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the systems complications.Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. S

9、ome use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilberts. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents lead when filling their income forms.Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use profe

10、ssional tax servicesbecause their parents have always done so, said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State.On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor.In fact, obeying the law h

11、as its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference.Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about 100, wh

12、ich will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.Thalman called the whole process a hassle, but added that he didnt wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers.Im worried about what would happen if I failed to file, he said. I know one i

13、ndividual who didnot report his income tax for many years, and hes now in federal prison. I certainly don t want that.16. A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 C17. The US income tax system does not wholly apply to a co

14、llege graduate who is just beginning his or her career.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 A18. Its pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 B19. When young people file their income tax form, they will often follow in their parents footsteps.A.

15、 RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 A20. Young people from poorer families neednt file their income tax forms.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 B21. If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 A22. The

16、 US income tax system will be simplified in the next few years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【答案】 C第 3 部分：概括大意與完成句子（第 23 30 題，每題 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有2 項測試任務：（ 1）第 23 26 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為第 2 5 段每段選擇 1 個最佳標題； （ 2）第 27 30 題要求從所給的6 個選項中為每個句子確定1 個最佳選項。Tunguska Event1 A hundred years ago this week, a giganti

17、c explosion ripped (撕裂 ) open the day above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilom

18、eters. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under thenight sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for milli

19、ons of years, was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worriesscientists.“ Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星 ) hitting a significant chunk(塊) of land . andimagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,” the British science journal Nature comment

20、ed recently.4 But no fragments of the“ rock ” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo.When the next Tungu

21、ska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect ( 使偏轉(zhuǎn) ) it or blow it up in space.5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germanys Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 mill

22、ion tons of methane(甲烷 )-rich gas from deep within earths crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.23. Paragraph 2C24. Paragraph 3F25. Paragraph 4E26. Paragraph 5AA. Competing ExplanationsB. Unknown AttacksC. Mysterious Explos

23、ionD. Star WarE. Importance of Finding EvidenceF. Explanation that Worries Scientists27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years agoA28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling lightD29. The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the EarthB30. Wolfgang Kund

24、t, who has developed an alternative theoryCA. has remained a puzzleB. lacks sufficient evidenceC. is a university professorD. was generated by the explosionE. will kill many animalsF. are attacked by aliens第 4 部分：閱讀理解 （第 31 45 題，每題 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1 個最佳選項。第一篇 Sports Star

25、 Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most toweringOlympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center

26、is his celebrity (名氣 ). Few, if any, Chineseathletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能 ) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in

27、 the 2002 NBA draft (選拔 ), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he isa handful (難對付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rock

28、ets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折） in his left foot, a collective shudder (震動) spread a

29、cross China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his footsurgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success,and though the estimatedfour-month recovery period will leave him

30、 little time to prepare with Team China, Yao hasvowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China,where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs be

31、nefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.“ There is no reason to dismiss TCM,Yao told a press conference in Beijing.“ It s been used in our country for thousands ofyears. I dont think that i

32、t s short on science.”31. The word towering in Paragraph 1 meansA. Iarge.B. fat.C. tall.D. great.32. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of hisA. mobility.B. assaultC. defense.D. celebrity.33. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments becauseA. his right foot had be

33、en hurting.B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C. the surgical operation had been a failure.D. he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.34. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He missed the Athens Olympics.B. He is an NBA player.C. He fractured his left foot.D. He is an internatio

34、nal figure.35. In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM isA. indifferent.B. positive.C. negative.D. doubtful.第二篇Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come to

35、o close. The black holes gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also

36、 trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life, as it veered towards a super massive black

37、hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggeste

38、d that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosi

39、on. There will be anexplosion of the star it will be completely destroyed, Brassart says.Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the blackhole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach

40、, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-ra

41、ys.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US.It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough, he

42、 says.Brassart agrees. Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied, he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, a

43、nd he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their Case that they explode in the process.36. What would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?A. The black hole would rip the star apart.B. The star would veer away from the black hole.C. The black hole could reduce its size cons

44、iderably.D. The flattering process would reduce the stars density.37. According to paragraph 3,researchers differed in the likelihood of generatingA. star density.B. shock waves.C. the uneven forces.D. nuclear explosion.38. According to paragraph 4, the new simulations favoredA. the creation of a ne

45、w star.B. the formation of a new black hole.C. the enlargement of the star.D. a nuclear explosion.39. What is supposed to happen several months after the explosion of the star?A. The star s matter will move further away from by the black hole.B. Theblack hole s matter will heat up.C. The torn star s

46、 matter will swirl into the black hole.D. The black hole s matter will devour ultraviolet light and X-rays.40. The word“ disruption” in Paragraph 6 meansA. eruption.B. interruption.C. flattening.D. tearing apart.第三篇Dont Count on DungConservationists(自然保護主義者) may be miscalculating the numbers ofthe t

47、hreatenedanimals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The erroroccurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(糞) the creatures leave behind.The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really

48、are in some regions,according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York.Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees.“ We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,” says Payne, whoelectronically tra

49、cks elephants.Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. Theyalso need to know the rate at which dung decays: Because it s extremely difficult to determinethese rates,

50、however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray( 離開正道 )

51、, says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count ele

52、phants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derivedfro m decay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre.“ However accurate your dung densityestimate might be, the decay rate can severel

53、y affect the result.”Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in sizeto an elephant s natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areasdistorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says” If the eleph

54、ant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a realincrease or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷獵 )outside.”Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evide

55、nce such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞 ).41. The word threatened in paragraph 1 meansA. frightenedB. angered.C. endangered.D. killed .42. The way elephant numbers are estimated isA. technical.B. theoretical.C. unhelpful.D. mistaken.42.Counting piles of dung is not reliable because they differ inA.

56、decay rate.B. size.C. shape.D. track location.44. According to Plumptre, a dung-pile census should be conducted in aA. small region.B. natural range.C. protected area.D. monitored place.45. In making an animal census study, Plumptre advises researchers not to rely onA. indirect evidence.B. monitorin

57、g techniqueC. electrical devices.D. aeroplanes.第 5 部分：補全短文 （第 46 50 題，每題 2 分，共 10 分）下面的短文有 5 處空白，短文后有6 個句子，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇5 組文字，將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。SaunaCeremonial (儀式性的 ) bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna.The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Ame