1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式(verb structure)，用來表示說話人所說，用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí) (fact)，而只是一種，而只是一種假設(shè)假設(shè)(hypotheses ) 愿望愿望(wishes)、建議、建議(suggestion) 或懷疑或懷疑doubt等等。等等。What is Subjunctive Mood?虛擬語氣分三種情況來掌握：虛擬語氣分三種情況來掌握：1.1.虛擬條件句虛擬條件句2.2.名詞性從句的虛擬語氣名詞性從句的虛擬語氣3. 3. 虛擬語氣的其他用法虛擬語氣的其他用法IfIf條件句條件句主句主

2、句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞用用were)would(或或could, should, might) do與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反had donewould(或或could, should, might) have done與將來事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反或可能相反或可能相反did(were)should dowere to dowould(或或could, should, might) do一、虛擬條件句：一、虛擬條件句： 條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況時(shí)，要用虛擬語氣。條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況時(shí)，要用虛擬語氣。1）If I were you, I would study h

3、ard.2）If it rained, I would not be here now.1）If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.2）If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eye

4、s.3)If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.注意問題：注意問題：1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。eg: If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.If she didnt love driving, she wouldnt have become a taxi driver.3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)、在條件句中如果出

5、現(xiàn)were, had, should可可省去省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home1) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.2) If I were

6、to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.4. with, without, but, but for, but that, otherwise, or引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。這時(shí)主引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。這時(shí)主句用虛擬句用虛擬1) Without you, I would never know him.2) But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have d

7、one the work so well.要不是要不是你的合作，我們不可能把工作做得這么出你的合作，我們不可能把工作做得這么出色。色。3) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.要不是要不是害怕，她會(huì)拒絕的。害怕，她會(huì)拒絕的。eg: 1) I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now. 2) I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working. 3) I am busy now, otherwise I woul

8、d help you. 4) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have know nothing about it. 5) What would you do with a million dollars?1) If he _ drunk, he wouldnt have lost control of the car. A. wasnt B. werent C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2) I would have gone to the concert, if I _ time. A.

9、 had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 4) _ I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having3) _ to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem. A. If he is B. Were he C. Had he D. Be he 5) _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were

10、he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 6) If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 7) If I _ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have

11、 8) If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 9)_, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 10) I

12、f you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：1. 1. 在表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中在表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣，基本句型：需用虛擬語氣，基本句型：主語主語(should(should）動(dòng)詞原形，如：）動(dòng)詞原形，如：1). We suggested that the meeting should be held

13、. 2) The suggestion that the meeting should be held was rejected. 3) It was suggested that the meeting should be held.4) The suggestion is that the meeting should be held.5) It was required that the crops should be harvested at once. 6) That is their demand that their wages be increased.suggestsugge

14、st等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用(should) + do, (should) + do, 這類動(dòng)詞的字頭記憶口訣為這類動(dòng)詞的字頭記憶口訣為: : I drop caps.I drop caps. 具體為具體為: :insist, demand, desire, request(insist, demand, desire, request(請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求), ), require, order, propose(require, order, propose(建議建議), ), command(command(命令命令), ask(), ask(要求要求), a

15、dvise, prefer, ), advise, prefer, suggestsuggest注意注意:1) I insisted that John had done it. I insisted that John (should) do it.eg: Her expression suggested that she was angry.insist1) 表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為2）表示堅(jiān)持要求某人該）表示堅(jiān)持要求某人該真實(shí)語氣真實(shí)語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣2) I insisted that the earth moves round the sun.Suggest 表示暗示，說明的意思時(shí)

16、用真實(shí)語氣表示暗示，說明的意思時(shí)用真實(shí)語氣He suggested that we (should) go to school at once.2. 在在Its strange/important/necessary/surprising that句式中句式中, that 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用(should) +do,如如:注意：在這種句子中絕不可用注意：在這種句子中絕不可用“would”、 “must” “could”等。等。eg: 1) Its strange that he (should) not come. 2) Its important that you (shoul

17、d) ask your parents for advice about your work. 1) The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 2) He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done. A.was written B. be written C. must be written D

18、. would be written4) It is required that you _ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 5) He insisted that he _ me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw 6) It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry 8)

19、It is important that I _ with Mr. Willians immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 7) He insisted that John _ it. A. do B. does C. did D. would do 9) The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. wou

20、ld be given El condor pass - Paul Simon Id rather be a sparrow （麻雀）（麻雀）than a snail（蝸牛）（蝸牛）. Yes I would. If I could, I surely would. Id rather be a hammer（鐵錘）（鐵錘） than a nail（釘（釘子）子）. Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.Away, Id rather sail away Like a swan（天鵝）（天鵝） thats here and gone A ma

21、n gets tied his feet on the ground It gives the worldIts saddest sound, Its saddest sound.Id rather be a forest than a street. Yes I would. If I could, I surely would. Id rather feel the earth beneath my feet, Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.三、虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件三、虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句：句

22、：1. wish1. wish后的賓語從句：后的賓語從句： 1)1)與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致 主語過去時(shí)；主語過去時(shí)； 2)2)與過去愿望不一致與過去愿望不一致 主語主語hadhad過去分詞；過去分詞； 3)3)與未來愿望不一致與未來愿望不一致 主語主語wouldwould（could, could, should, mightshould, might）原形。）原形。eg: 1) I wish (that) I were you. 2) I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States. 3) I wish I

23、 could meet you tomorrow at the party.2. If only2. If only引起的感嘆句引起的感嘆句1) If only he could come! 他要能來就好了他要能來就好了2) If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。我要早知答案就好了。3) If only I knew the answer!3. as if（though）引導(dǎo)的從句）引導(dǎo)的從句eg: 1) She loves the children as if they were hers. 2) Alan talked about Rome a

24、s if he had been there It seems as if it is going to rain.4. would rather, 引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過去的情況用過去完成時(shí)，表擬，表示過去的情況用過去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來的情況用過去時(shí)，如：示現(xiàn)在與將來的情況用過去時(shí)，如：.eg: 1) Id rather you posted the letter right away. 2) Id rather you had returned the book yesterday. 3) Id rather you painted the wall gre

25、en next time.5. Its (high) time句型：當(dāng)句型：當(dāng)Its time后用后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為：從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為： 主語主語should原形原形 主語過去時(shí)主語過去時(shí)eg: 1) Its time that you went to school. 2) Its time that you should go to school.6. 表示祝愿時(shí)表示祝愿時(shí), 用用May +主語主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 如如: 1) May you succeed in your work!2) May you be happy!1)The boy acted _ he had nev

26、er lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2) I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 3) He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 4) Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D.