1、英語教師課堂話語的英語教師課堂話語的 一些常見問題一些常見問題南海學校南海學校 陳志軍陳志軍 2019 / 07 / 21 什么是英語教師課堂話語？什么是英語教師課堂話語？ 簡單地講，英語教師課堂話語就是英語教簡單地講，英語教師課堂話語就是英語教師在組織和實施英語課堂教學時產(chǎn)生的話語，師在組織和實施英語課堂教學時產(chǎn)生的話語，其中主要是英語，也包括母語。其中主要是英語，也包括母語。 一、課堂話語的情景欠真實一、課堂話語的情景欠真實T: Good. Sit down please. All right. Look at your teacher. I have a nice kite here.

2、Is it nice?SS: Yes.T: Is it your kite?SS: No.T: No. Do you want to fly a kite?SS: Yes.T: Yes. But you dont have one. Yes. Come here please.S: Yes, I can. It is easy.T: It is easy. This is not your kite. Borrow it.S: Can I borrow it please?T: Let me see. OK. Here you are.S: Thanks. 請看下面的例子：T: OK now.

3、 Who will try to be my patient first? OK Lily, you please come here.S: Good morning doctor.T: Good morning. Sit down please.S: Thank you.T: Whats your name?S: My name is Lily.T: How old are you?S: Im sixteen.T: Are you a student?S: Yes.T: Which school do you study in ?S: In Huaqiao Middle School.T:

4、Show me your hand please. Whats your trouble? 二、課堂話語的言語欠真實二、課堂話語的言語欠真實T: How are you?S1: Im fine, thank you.T: What day is it today?S2: Today is Friday.T: Whats the weather like today?S3: Its fine.T: Do you like English?S4: Yes, I do. I like it very much.T: Do you have any hobbies?S5: Yes, I do. 另外，

5、在呈現(xiàn)和講解知識等環(huán)節(jié)中，有些另外，在呈現(xiàn)和講解知識等環(huán)節(jié)中，有些教師也存在話語不銜接、不真實的問題。比教師也存在話語不銜接、不真實的問題。比如：如：T: I like red. Look, a red paper. Guess, whats this?(教師把紅紙剪成一個蘋果教師把紅紙剪成一個蘋果)S: Its an apple.T: Yes, its an apple. Apples are healthy fruit.(教師出示教師出示fruit 單詞卡片單詞卡片) 三、課堂話語的內(nèi)容欠真實三、課堂話語的內(nèi)容欠真實 。 T: I think you are so clever. I li

6、ke you very much. I want to makefriends with you. Would you like to be my friends?SS: Yes.T: When I go back, Ill call you.(這位教師在這位教師在另外一個地方借班上公開課另外一個地方借班上公開課). Look, this is my telephone number.(卡片正面寫著卡片正面寫著a telephone number). My telephone number is 7369852.(卡片反面寫著卡片反面寫著7369852)T: Do you have a tel

7、ephone number? If you have a telephone number, please write it down. (稍后教師繼續(xù)說話稍后教師繼續(xù)說話) Excuse me. Whats your telephone number?S1: My telephone number is . 有時候教師思索不周，隨口說出一些內(nèi)容不真有時候教師思索不周，隨口說出一些內(nèi)容不真實的話語。比如：實的話語。比如：T: I want to go to the shop this afternoon. I want an apple. What about you?S1: I want t

8、o go to the shop. I want a banana.T: Oh, you want a banana. Sit down please. Anybody else? Yes?S2: I want to go to the shop. I want a pear. . . .比如，一位教師在教授了比如，一位教師在教授了wash 這個動詞這個動詞,引導引導學生進展以下操練：學生進展以下操練：T: If I give you some water, what will you wash?S1: Ill wash my hands.S2: Ill wash my hair.S3: Il

9、l wash my clothes.S4: Ill wash my bike. 忽然鈴聲響起，教師對學生負疚地說忽然鈴聲響起，教師對學生負疚地說Im sorry.然然后接后接A: Hello.(角色角色A說的話事先用手機預錄好，角色說的話事先用手機預錄好，角色B是是教師教師)B: Hi, its Miss Wang.A: Hello, Miss Wang. What are you doing?B: Im having an English class. What about you?A: Im playing basketball.B: What about your mother? Wha

10、ts she doing?A: Shes cooking dinner.B: And you father?A: Hes playing chess.B: Thank you. Bye!A: See you.四、教師課堂話語的規(guī)范性不夠四、教師課堂話語的規(guī)范性不夠1.課堂話語缺乏正確性課堂話語缺乏正確性 請看下面例子：請看下面例子： T: (教師頭戴草帽，背著一個小蘿筐教師頭戴草帽，背著一個小蘿筐) Hello, Im a farmer. I have a big farm. There are many vegetables on my farm. Today, Ive taken them

11、 here. Look, whats this?. 類似的情況還有很多，比如：類似的情況還有很多，比如： T: Now he should stop doing hard work means he +had+ SS: +had+better stop doing hard work. T: Again. SS: He had better stop doing hard work.在教學如今進展時態(tài)時，教師會用開門和關門這兩個動作在教在教學如今進展時態(tài)時，教師會用開門和關門這兩個動作在教室里進展現(xiàn)成的情景教學，如：室里進展現(xiàn)成的情景教學，如：T: Now please look at me.

12、 What am I doing? I am closing the door. I am closing the door. What am I doing?SS: You are closing the door. T: Yes. I am closing the door. 練習練習closing的的 發(fā)音假設干遍發(fā)音假設干遍T: What am I doing? I am openingthe door. I am opening the door. What am I doing?SS: You are opening the door.T: Yes. I am opening th

13、e door. (pause)I am opening my book. Im closing my book. Now the whole class, please open your books. What are you doing?SS: We are opening the books.T: Now please close your books. What are you doing?SS: We are closing the books.英語中除了瞬間性動詞普通不用于進展時態(tài)以外，一英語中除了瞬間性動詞普通不用于進展時態(tài)以外，一些表示形狀和心思活動的動詞也很少用于進展時態(tài)。些

14、表示形狀和心思活動的動詞也很少用于進展時態(tài)。比如比如stand 這個詞可以用于進展時態(tài)中：這個詞可以用于進展時態(tài)中：如：如：My mother is standing beside me. Anna is standing there in her Sunday best. 但是這些句子都有一個表示位置、方式的狀語，但是這些句子都有一個表示位置、方式的狀語，beside me 和和there in her Sunday best。加上這些狀語后，句子的意思是加上這些狀語后，句子的意思是“某人站在何處或某人站在何處或“以某種方式站著，而不表示以某種方式站著，而不表示“正在站著的意思。正在站著的意

15、思。假設去掉這些句子中的狀語，這些句子就不完好。假設去掉這些句子中的狀語，這些句子就不完好。所以，像所以，像I am standing和和He is standing這樣的句子這樣的句子符合語法規(guī)那么，但在現(xiàn)實中是不存在的，也是沒有符合語法規(guī)那么，但在現(xiàn)實中是不存在的，也是沒有意義的。意義的。2.課堂話語缺乏準確性課堂話語缺乏準確性請看一個片段：請看一個片段：T: Look at the panda in the picture. What is it like? (學生無反響，教師反復學生無反響，教師反復What is it like?，學，學 生還是無反響生還是無反響)稍等稍等What c

16、olor is it?S1: Its white and black.S2: It has a big head.S3: It has a short tail. 五、導入環(huán)節(jié)教師話語的拖沓景象五、導入環(huán)節(jié)教師話語的拖沓景象T: I think you are so clever. I like you very much. I want to makefriends with you. Would you like to be my friends?SS: Yes.T: When I go back, Ill call you.(這位教師這位教師在另外在另外 一個地方借班上公開課一個地方借班

17、上公開課). Look, this is my telephone number.(卡片正面寫著卡片正面寫著a telephone number). My telephone number is 7369852.(卡片反面寫著卡片反面寫著7369852)T: Do you have a telephone number? If you have a telephone number, please write it down. (稍后教師繼續(xù)說話稍后教師繼續(xù)說話) Excuse me. Whats your telephone number?S1: My telephone number is

18、 . 請看下面一個教學片段：T: (聽完一首英文歌曲之后) How do you like this song? XX, what do you think? Do you like this song? Do you know the name of the singer?S1: Sorry, I dont know.T: Its OK. Does anybody know the name of the singer?S2: (過了一會，終于有人回答) The name of the band is Westlife.T: Exactly. Do you know the name of

19、the song?S2: You raise me up. T: You raise me up. Great. Westlife is a great band. The four boys sing very well. They are good singers. XX, would you like to be a singer in the future?S3: No.T: What would you like to be?S3: I want to be a scientist.六、課堂話語的冗余景象六、課堂話語的冗余景象看下面一個例子：看下面一個例子：T: OK. 今天我們主要學了今天我們主要學了8中顏色。那我們?nèi)缃裰蓄伾?。那我們?nèi)缃窨纯磮D來回答我的問題?？纯磮D來回答我的問題。OK,now, what color is number one?S