1、1 / 10【2019-2020】高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)練Unit13People（含解析）北師大版必修5李仕才I閱讀理解AFriendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might varyfrom one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.“No man is an island. ” In other words, w

2、e are all parts of society. Weall need the love, admiration, respect andmoral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varie

3、sdepending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoybeing surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of clo

4、seness is determined by many factors. Closefriends can be formed at any stage in ones lifebut they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the levelof closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity （互惠）, honesty and a certain amount o

5、f love and affection.1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?A. Teenagers.B. Adults.C. The elderly.D.A couple.2.What does the sentence “No man is an island ” really mean?A. No man is willing to live on an island.B. Man usually doesn t go to an islandC. Everyone i

6、s related with our society.2 / 10D. Our society is just like an isla nd.3. What can we lear n about outgo ing people?A. They like being alone.B. They are fond of making frien ds.C. They have intense frien dships.D. They have fewer close friends in deed4. What does the last paragraph main ly talk abo

7、ut?A. The formati on of close frien ds.B. The nu mber of real frien ds.C. Hon esty, love and affect ion.D. Factors to determ ine the degree of close ness.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論講述的是友誼的重要性。不論是青少年還是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。沒有人是孤立的，每個人都是社會的一部分，都需要他人的愛、陪1.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句 Many studies have shown that teenagers whohav

8、e no friends ofte n suffer from psychological disorders.青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故選A。2. C【解析】詞句推斷題第三段第二句話解釋了這句引言的意思JIn other words; we are all parte cfMety”，因此推斷“No man is an klancT的意思島 每個人都是社會的一部分，每個人都與社會息 息相關(guān)。故選3. B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段尾句Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounde dby many people whereas shy pers ons

9、 are perhaps content with fewer but morein te nse frie ndships.”可在，外向的人喜歡交朋友。故選B。4.D 【解析】段落大意題。通讀最后一段可知，本段講述親密程度是由許多因素決定的，不管親密程度如何，友誼都是建立在互惠，真誠，愛和情感的基礎(chǔ)上的。（2017 河北石家莊第一次模擬）When I was about ten years old, I was walking downthe street with my mother.She stopped to speak to Mr.Lee, and I knew I could se

10、e3 / 10Mr.Lee any time around the neighborhood, so I didn t pay any attentionto him.Afterwe passed Mr.Lee, my mother stopped me and said someth ing that has stuck with mefrom that day until now.She said ，“ You let that be the last time youve ever walked by somebody and not openedup your mouth to spe

11、ak, because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.” Mother s wordssound simple, but itsbeen a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am.【解題導語】 作者小時候因為在路上沒有給鄰居打招呼而受到了母親的批評。 母親的 話使作者悟出了主動與別人交流的重要性。1 What did the author do when he met Mr.Lee?A He talked with somebody else.

12、B He was attracted by a dog.C He greeted him politely.D He ignored him.D 解析： 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ so I didn t pay any attention to him”可知，作者的母親與鄰居說話時，作者沒有在意鄰居，故選D。2What kind of person is the author s mother?A Optimistic.BKind-hearted.C Strict.DOpen-minded.C 解析： 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ You let that be the last time y

13、ou ve ever walked by somebody.becauseeven a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street. ”可推知，母親對作者很嚴格。3A He played a joke.B He inspired him.C He invited him to coffee.D He gave him the seat.B 解析： 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“ If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat. ”可知，公司的創(chuàng)辦人說如果作者想要在公司獲得很大

14、發(fā)展，他完全可以坐到創(chuàng) 辦人的位置，由此可推知，這位領(lǐng)導在鼓勵作者。4 What does the author think of saying hello to people?A It can build connections with others.B It s a way to show sympathy to humble people.4 / 10D It can bring him what he wants.CCareer criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler （學步的兒童） years a

15、nd may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isnt challenged,scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found thosewho had “callous unemotional （ 冷漠無情的 ）characteristics ” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behav

16、ior characteristics such as a lack ofsympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parentsand doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos. ” He sai

17、d, “Parents both take careof their child and provide their childs genes so it s been difficult to knowif were seeing thatparenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the

18、 development of antisocial behavior. Scientistslooked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers antisocial behavior. The scientistsfound children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the samebehavior characteristics, despite havinglimited or no touch wit

19、h them as they were adopted as babies.“The really exciting take -home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions （互動） that parents have with their young children can make ahuge difference in children s development, said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Orego

20、n who co-led thedata collection.University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the AmericanJournal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if thesebehaviors still continue to exist from the

21、toddler years.1.Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Kids social behaviors are related to crime.B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.5 / 10C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.2. What

22、 con clusi on might the scie ntists draw from the study?A. An tisocial behaviors might be in herited.B. The genes decide kids antisocial behaviors.C. An tisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.D. Adopted babies surely have an tisocial behaviors whe n they grow up.3. What can be in ferred f

23、rom the passage?A. Parenting is the main reason that causeskids antisocial behaviors.B. What causes career crimin als to begi n their crimes is their pare ntscharacteristics.C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers active in teract ionswith kids.D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of

24、 kids can be lightened by positive parenting.4. Why will researche rs track kids process of grow ing?A. To make sure if kids behaviors will last.B. To make sure if praise will change kids.C. To determine if kids behaviors will be inherited.D.【文章大意】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，積極的育兒方式可以減輕孩子的反社會行為。1. C

25、【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的Career criminalsbegin theirantisocialbehavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crimeif their behavior isn t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介紹了孩子們的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，故C 項正確。2. A【解析】推理判斷題 & 根第五段中的EVGEwhen childrem have inhciited （18傳）

26、a very血lkngiiig set ofbehaviors, hearing good job，or recdvirg eucouragemenl can help ptoted them devdoping serious problemsGMning from thdrinherited兒童的反社會行為可能是遺傳的故A項正確&3. D【解析】6 / 104. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Researchers will follow the group of childrenthrough early adolesce nee to determ ine if the

27、se behaviors still continue to existfrom the toddler years. ”可知，研究人員追蹤孩子的成長過程是為了弄清楚孩子的反社會行為是否會持續(xù)下去，故A 項正確。D（2017 遼寧沈陽一模）When going through major life changes, like changingcareers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time.We ve all gonethrough periods whe n the people in our lives h

28、ave cha ngedgraduati on, moving toa new city, gettinga new job, joining a new club, etcdon t think I need toconvince you just how much in flue nee other people can have over your ide ntit y.lf you ve ever experieneed a majorswitch in your people environment, then you know that you cha nge as well.Mo

29、st peopl e don t make these choices consciously （ 意識至U地 ）though.You might con sciously decide tospe nd more time with a certa in friend, or you may ask some one out on a date to begin a new relationship.But fewpeople choose their existing frien dships deliberately.The res_no_“getting _rid_of_ people

30、”.People are always dropping into and out of each otherslives.Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations.You dont get rid of anyone.The truthis that in order to make room for new people and new experiences,you may need to loosen up some of yourexistingconn ecti ons.Wh

31、at about loyalty（ 忠誠）? Shouldn t you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, evenif their in flue nee on you is slightly harmful, shouldntyou stick by them?Loyalty to a friend sometimes means hav ing to let go.lt means being loyal totheir highest and best self as well .If some

32、 one is destro ying his health by smok ing, for example, you aren t showingloyalty by smoking right along with him.Tru e loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, getyourself back on solid gro und, and the n decide what you can really do to help your friend.It can take a lot of

33、 courage to tell some one，“ I m sorry, but I can t haveyou in mylife any more. ” But even thou gh this might seem like a selfishact at times,it s ofte n the best thing for the other pers on too.lf a relati on ship is holdi ng you back in some way, understand thatit s also hurting the other person.Fo

34、r example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation isconsidered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.1 When experiencing major life changes, people may _7 / 10B influence their friends aroundC choose their friendships purposelyD have

35、their people environment changedD 解析：細節(jié)理 解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“ When going through major life changes.I would change the peoplewith whom I spent the most time.experienced a major switch in your people environment ”可知，當經(jīng)歷人生重大改變時，人們也會 經(jīng)歷人際環(huán)境的改變。即 D 項正確。2 What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?A E

36、veryone has at least one friend.B It is unnecessary to make new friends.CFriendship still exists though theres less connection.D You ought to treat your old and new friend equally.C 解析：句意理解題。根據(jù)畫線句后的“ Pe ople are always dropping into and outof each other s lives.Associations grow into friendships, an

37、d friendships fade into associations.Youdontgetrid ofanyone.youmay need to.existingconnections. ”可知，盡管人們之間的聯(lián)系少了，但友誼依然存在。故選C 項。3What is the authorsopinion on the loyalty to friends?A Never betray your close friends whatever happens.B Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.C Stick by yo

38、ur friends even though they do harm to you. DBreak up with your friends immediately if theysmoke.B 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者對朋友忠誠的態(tài)度是捍衛(wèi)他們的優(yōu)點但也要糾正錯誤，即B 項正確。4 How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?A We should accept what we are told to do.BWe should stay silent and be in favor of

39、 it. CWe should bravely disobey him if he is wrong. D We shouldgive our boss courage to continue.C 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval,encouraging your boss to continue to behaveviolently ”可知，如果老板錯了，員工就要勇敢地不去服從，即n七選五Alone But Not LonelyThe death of

40、 a loved one or the inability to find people who understand you canleave you feeling lonely.Even if you are surrounded by other people, it s naturalC 項正確。8 / 10to experience an emptiness while longing for love or acceptance.2._Geoffrey F Fisher once said ， “In cities, no one is quiet but many arelon

41、ely.3._ ”A Loneliness is therefore a feeling that can be experienced whether or not one is physically alone.B They would rather feel accepted on a shallow level than risk feeling alone.C The problem of loneliness can be easily solved in a modern world.D But, when doing so, the main thing we are tryi

42、ng to avoid is loneliness.E In the country, people are quiet but few are lonely.F It can provide you with amazing benefits.G It guides you through hardships.【解題導語】 本文是一篇議論文。 在當今快節(jié)奏的社會中， 我們無法在安靜中做到平 靜。但是，獨處并不意味著孤獨。獨處自有它的魅力。1D 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，在當今快節(jié)奏的社會，我們設(shè)法參加各種活動以擺脫懶散 和無聊。根據(jù)下文可知，獨處不一定就是不舒服抑或孤獨，事實上它和孤獨是兩回事。D

43、 項“但當這樣去做時， 我們試圖避免的主要問題就是孤獨”與上下文緊密聯(lián)系， 說的是上述各 種擺脫懶散和無聊的活動其實是為了逃脫孤獨。故 D 項正確。2A 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，在你渴望愛與接受時，即使你周圍有很多人，你也會感到 空虛。 A 項“因此孤獨是一種感覺，無論一個人是否是獨自一人都能體會到這種感覺”是對 上文孤獨含義的闡述。故 A 項正確。3 E 解析：根據(jù) Geoffrey F Fisher 所說的話可知，此處是把城市和鄉(xiāng)村里人們對 孤獨的感受進行對比。 E項“在農(nóng)村，人們很安靜，但是沒幾個人感覺孤獨”符合語境。故 E 項正確。4B 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，年輕人寧愿和陌生人一起也不愿獨自

44、待一個晚上。他們尋 找消磨時間的方式， 同時也渴望真正的友誼。 因此年輕人在一起拉幫結(jié)派， 但并不喜歡自己 的伙伴。根據(jù)下文可知，為什么獨處讓我們這樣害怕呢？由此可知，B 項“他們寧愿從表面上被人接受也不愿冒感覺孤獨的風險”與上下文緊密聯(lián)系。故B 項正確。5. F 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，不要害怕沉默，下文講到沉默的種種好處。由此可知，F(xiàn)項“它能給你帶來令人驚嘆的好處”能引起下文，符合語境。故F 項正確。川、七選五Buildi ng Trust i n a Relati on ship Aga inTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past

45、 experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you can t be successful when there s a lack of trust in a relati on ship that results from an actio n where the wron gdoertakes no resp onsibility to fix the9 / 10mistake.Unfortunately,we ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we ve been sto lenfrom, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are differe nt levels of losi ng tr