1、-助動詞Au*iliary Verb：協(xié)助主要動詞構成謂語動詞詞組的詞。自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。主要動詞Main Verb：是被協(xié)助的動詞，構成時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 He doesnt like English. 他不喜歡英語。doesnt是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義)最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等。根本助動詞只有三個：be, do, have他們沒有詞匯意義，只有語法作用，如協(xié)助構成進展時，完成時，被動態(tài)，否認句，疑問句等。 1、 be 動詞的用法既可作系動詞，又可作助動詞，做助動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一人稱

2、用am,第二人稱及復數(shù)用are,第三人稱及單數(shù)用is， am,is 過去式為was, are的過去式為were,它與現(xiàn)在分詞構成進展時態(tài)和過去分詞一起構成被動語態(tài)。a. 表示時態(tài) be+doing現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在進展的動作He is singing. 他正在唱歌。 b. 表示語態(tài) be+done(過去分詞 表被動語態(tài)He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。 c. be+to do動詞不定式表示方案安排命令。 We are to plant trees ne*t week. 下周我們將要去植樹。 You are to e*plain this 。對此你要做出解釋。二、do的

3、用法Do主要幫助實意動詞構成否認和疑問句，后跟動詞原形，有時放在實意動詞前起強調作用，還可代替前文出現(xiàn)的動詞，防止重復。Do有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一、二人稱及復數(shù)用do，第三人稱及單數(shù)用does，過去式為did。1構成一般疑問句。 DO +主語+動詞原形 +其他I like singing 變?yōu)橐蓡柧錇?Do you like singing ?2do + not 構成否認句。主語+do +not +動詞原形。 I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批評。He doesnt like to study.他不想學習。Many students didnt know

4、the importance of English before.過去好多學生不知道英語的重要性.3)構成否認祈使句。 Dont go there.不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說明：構成否認祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。 Do e to my birthday party please.請一定來參加我的生日宴會。 I did go there.我確實去那兒了。 I do miss you.我確實想你。我真想你了！5用作代替動詞。 - Do you like Beijing?-你喜歡嗎. - Yes

5、, I do. No,I dont. -是的，喜歡。do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing. He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he?他知道如何開車，對吧.3、 have 的用法Have+過去分詞 構成完成時態(tài)I have studied english for a long time .情態(tài)動詞的根本用法歸納情態(tài)動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態(tài)動詞無人稱

6、和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構成謂語。一、 can, could1) 表示能力Mary can speak three languages.Can you skate?此時可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式；而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)。Ill not be able to e this afternoon.當表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功*事時應用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2)

7、表示請求和允許。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。- Could I e to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示推測驚訝、疑心、不相信的態(tài)度，用于疑問句、否認句和感慨句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might1) 表示請求和

8、允許。might比 may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否認答復時可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，制止。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.在口語中更常見。2用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3) 表示推測、可能性不用于疑問句。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。

9、1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1) 表示必須、必要。You must e in time.在答復引出的問句時，如果是否認的，不能用mustnt制止，不準，而用neednt, dont have to不必.- Must we hand in our e*ercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是說話人的主觀看法， 而have to則

10、強調客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時， have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式。1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推測、可能性只用于肯定的述句1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 shall, should1) shall +動詞原形 表示將來時態(tài)Shall we go shoppi

11、ng tomorrow?2) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)3. He shall be punished.(威脅)六、 will, would1) 表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。 Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡嗎.2)

12、 will +動詞原形 表將來時態(tài) He will e back ne*t month . 他下個月將會回來。3表示意志、愿望和決心。1. I will never do that again. 助動詞練習題1 把以下句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹?. It is a lovely dog. _2. She is lovely girl. _3. We are classmates. _4. I am a doctor. _5. There is a bird in the tree. _6. They are good friends. _7. I love my parents. _9. We ha

13、ve a pleasant home. _ 10.They go to church on Sunday. _ 11.You are a singer. _ 2. 用do does be 填空1 _ she know all the answers ? Yes , she _ . No, she _.2 _ the twins often fight ? Yes ,_ do. No, _ dont.3 _ your dad like listening to music? Yes ,_ does . No, _ doesnt. 5 _ you have a new teacher? Yes ,

14、 I _. No, I _. 6 _ she a teacher? Yes, she _ . No, she _.10 _ your father smoking in the living room? Yes, _ is .No, he _.助動詞和情態(tài)動詞專項練習一、情態(tài)動詞的根本用法Can John Smith _ his homework on time? A. finish B. finishes C. finishing D. finishedShe dare _ out by herself at night. A. go not B. not to go C. to not g

15、o D. not goYou _ to the party tonight if you have something important to do. A. dont need e B. neednt to eC. neednt e D. dont need ingWell be ready to leave at eight.Well, John must _ back by then.A. being B. is C. be D. to beYour grandmother _ the newspaper without glasses. A. can still read B. can

16、s still readC. still can reads D. can still reads二、must, need, dare的用法Must I get up early tomorrow, Dad?No, you _. Tomorrow is Sunday.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldntMust we finish the book today?Yes, you _.A. can B. may C. need D. mustYou _ play on the road. Its dangerous. A. mustnt B. may C.

17、 can D. mustYou _ return the book now. You can keep it until ne*t week. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dare notI _ a sleeping bag because Ive already got one. A. neednt have B. didnt have C. dont need D. need not Mr Smith _ a pen from Jack. A. must to borrow B. had borrowedC. must borrowed D. had to

18、 borrow三、can, could, may, might的用法The man _ walk fast because he is lame in the right foot. A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cantCould I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you _.A. will B. would C. must D. canA puter _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. might not B. may not C. couldnt D.

19、 cant That must be a mistake.I dont think so. It _ a mistake.A. may be not B. neednt be C. cannot beHe _ help crying at the news of his fathers death. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. hadnt D. didnt “Now, _ all smile, please? he asked. A. may you B. do you C. shall you D. can youI havent brought my diction

20、ary with me. _ I use yours? A. Must B. Shall C. May D. Need四、should, would, shall, will的用法Must I copy the new words in class?No, you _. You _ do it at home.A. neednt, may B. mustnt, mustC. mustnt, may D. neednt, mustntWould you please not draw pictures on the wall?Sorry. I _ it again.A. am not doing

21、 B. dont do C. didnt do D. wont do21._ I open the window? Its so warm here. A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. Must22._ you like some oranges? A. Would B. Can C. May D. Must23.Tom said that he _ apologize to Mary. A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to24.“Do you think we _ turn back? Jane asked. A. shal

22、l B. will C. should D. wouldHe _ any help. He can do it all by himself. A. needs not B. needntC. doesnt need D. doesnt need to askLi Fang isnt in the classroom. He _ be at the library. Lets go and find him. A. can B. must C. need D. shouldMay I have a look at your new watch ?Yes, you _. A. can B. mu

23、st C. need D. shouldMust I hand in the e*ercise book tomorrow ?No, you_. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow. A. can t B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldntThere _ an English test ne*t Monday. A. maybe B. was C. may be D. may Youd better ask someone, or you_ get lost. A. may B. mustnt C. are going to

24、 D. can7.“e on! Peter called. “We _ stay here any longer. A. couldnt B. cant C. hadnt to D. mightnt8.Must Tom write it now? No, he _. A. neednt B. cant C. must D. mustnt9.“Have you seen Li recently?“No, I think he must _ away on vacation. A. being B. is C. be D. to be10.“All right. You _ if you dont

25、 want to. A. dont need stay B. neednt stay C. neednt to stay D. dont need staying1：She_toseedocumentaries記錄片. A、dowant B、 dontwant C、doesntwant D、notwant2：Lookatthatpictureonthewall._youlikeit? A、Do B、Can C、Could D、Are3：He_likepears. A、 do B、is C、doesnt D、not4：Doyouoftengotothecinema_Sunday?No,we_.A

26、、on,dont B、on,arent C、in,do D、in,dont5：Canyouseealightonthetable?Yes,_.A、Iam B、Imnot C、Ican D、Heisnt6：Doestheboywanttobeanactor?_. A、 Yes,heis B、No,hedoes C、Yes,hedoes D、No,heisnt7：_hehaveanyapples? A、Do B、Does C、Is D、Are8：She_wanttobeapolicewoman,becauseshethinksitskindofdangerous. A、 isnt B、arent

27、C、dont D、doesnt9：Whyhehavebrownhair? A、 do B、does C、is D、has10：Whattime_hegethomeeveryday? A、is B、does C、do D、am11：What_youseeinthepicture? A、is B、are C、can D、have12：Jack_likeflyingkites_throwingafrisby. A、dont,or B、doesnt,and C、 dont,and D、doesnt,or13：A：_Jim_aball?B：No,he_.A、Do,have,dont B、Does,has

28、,doesnt C、Is,have,isnt D、Does,have,doesnt14：I_haveawatch. A、 amnot B、does C、dont D、doesnt15：youagoodtimeonyourvacation? A、Did;have B、Did;had C、Were;have D、Were;had16：Simonlikes_football,buthedoesnt_itwell. A、 play,plays B、toplay,plays C、plays,playing D、playing,play17：Shehavetowashthedishesnow. A、don

29、t B、not C、doesnt D、cant18：_Colin_Chinesehistory?Yes,hedoes. A、Do;like B、Does;likes C、Do;likes D、Does;like19：LiLei_lunchathome. A、hasnt B、havent C、donthave D、doesnthave20：Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?John. A、cleaned B、does C、did D、is21：_youusuallyetoschoolbybike? A、Dont B、Doesnt C、Arent D、Isnt22：Where_lionsefrom?IthinktheyefromAfrica. A、are B、is C、does D、do23：_wehaveanye