1、最新國(guó)家開(kāi)放大學(xué)電大?？朴⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀(3)期末試題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)題庫(kù)及答案(試卷號(hào)：2157)英語(yǔ)閱讀(3)題庫(kù)一Part IRead Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write Af B, or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each)Passage 1Communication

2、 and Gender in Business1 According to popular American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women's ways of talking are often ignored or misund

3、erstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles are both valid. Here are some of Tannen's main points.Conversational styles in boys and girls show up early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their rank in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of

4、the group. Thereforet men's conversational styles often use competition, while women try to keep the appearance of equality.3 Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt to restore the power balance in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibili

5、tyt women feel unjustly blamed.4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted by Western men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference： Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and the direct approachused

6、 by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.5 In business, women are often blamed if they “talk like a woman" (soft, indirect, cautious) t but are also blamed if they “talk like a man”(bossy, aggressive).6 We have strong negative images of women in authority： Wicked Witch and

7、Mother, so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women.7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings. In a group of men and women, women tend to become silent bystanders, while men are active participants.8 Males and females in Western culture speak differen

8、t body languages. Men often spread out their limbs, taking up a lot of space, gesture widely, speak in loud tones, and engage in direct eye contact. These behaviors communicate power and high status. Women hold in their limbs, take up little space, make small gestures» speak in soft voices, and

9、 lower their eyes frequently. These behaviors give away power and announce low status.9 Males interrupt females much more than they interrupt other males，and more oftenthan females interrupt either mates or females.10 Research has shown that there is nothing "natural” about male or female langu

10、age but that these gender habits simply show the stereotyped role in which society puts men andwomen.Questions 110 are based on Passage 1.1.vary (paragraph 1)A. are similarB.are differentC. are universal2.valid (paragraph 1)A. acceptableB.foolishC. different3.show up (paragraph 2)A. changeB.are the

11、sameC. appear4.restore (paragraph 3)A. overpowerB.revengeC. bring back to the original position5.unjustly (paragraph 3)A. unfairlyB.unknownlyC. erpreted (paragraph 4)A. translatedB.understoodC. repeated7.aggressive (paragraph 5)A. unwilling to agree with othersB.easy to get along withC.

12、 ready to attack others8.bystanders (paragraph 7)A. outsidersB.onlookers(旁觀者)C. participants9.limbs (paragraph 8)A. arms and legsB.newspapersC. ideas10. interrupt (paragraph 9)A. pushB. apologize toC. cut into the conversationPart IRead Passage 2 and choose either Af B or C to complete each of the f

13、ollowing statements. WriteA, B or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each)Passage 2Translating Fashion1 It's seven o'clock in the morning and Natassia Antipova, a beautiful Russian financial consultant, is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself：

14、 "What shall I wear today?" A decade ago her choices were simpler. Then, there was one kind of mascara, one color eye shadow. Now, Natassia's bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon, Estee Lauder> and Nina Ricci. Her closets contain Levis and Armanis, as well as local brand names. He

15、r awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded. In Tokyo, on the same day. Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company. Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit. In her English pocket-book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products fro

16、m Shisiedo, the Tokyobascd beauty company. Last year Maki had Japan's most popular cosmetic surgery procedure> a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western. The list goes on： Theglobalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time, a vast market for those companies who some

17、how have a look that translates worldwide.2 Therer s nothing new, of course, about the process of fashionable imitation. In Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas. This fashion remained popular for some time. “Likewise, after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066> French styles became chic.

18、 Thiskind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries. But what is new is the sheer size and depth of penetration of this global fashion.3 Consider Levi jeans, a company with a brand imprint carried by 2, 800 retail companies in 45 countries. Worldwide sales for 1996 were US $ 7. 1 billion. Or

19、 Estee Lauder, which since it went international in 1960, has penetrated 100 markets and racked up sales of $ 3. 4 billion in 1997. Or take China, whose women were forbidden as recently as 10 years ago to powder their noses in recent years, the fashion and cosmetics market has expanded by 20 to 30 p

20、ercent annually. But is this all a plot by greedy designers» manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image? Alison Lurie, author of The Language of Clothes, thinks not. She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days.4 Of far more importance to

21、 fashion trends, according to Marc Bourgery, an advertising consultant, is the question of how a country entertains itself. He gives the example of Japan, a country that has a love affair with golf and, more recently, withAmerican situation comedies. "Japanese people now want to be defined as w

22、itty, successfuland affluent, and so that style has become cool and sought after. ”5 Bourgery > who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best in which countries, thinks that global fashion is not about the West dictating to the East. Rathert it is about a new feeling

23、of internationalism. "Armani, for example, does not set out to look authentically Italian, anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French,” observes Bourgery. " Instead, their footprint is a look which says 'I'm elegant> sophisticated, successful,T and that translates wor

24、ldwide. ”6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making, a mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it. Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point. Russian women confide that not all of them are crazy about the new

25、cosmetic imports environmentally conscious teens twenty-some-thingst uare mad for the newest line of Russian skin care, Green Mama, made exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Altai region of Sineria. ” Beauty-conscious Syrians also claim that their traditional oils and scents are for them a

26、 treasure trove of beauty secrets. In their Damascus bathrooms t alongside the modern cosmetics > are pewter bowls which to mix Henna and bay leaf, honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils.7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it can't be clearly defined. Today's

27、concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before, and it's growing day by day.Questions 1120 are based on Passage 2.11. Russian women havefashion choices compared to a decade ago.A. the sameB. moreC. fewer12. Rhinoplastry ispopular among women.A. JapaneseB. Eur

28、opeanC. African13. After the Norman invasion of Britain, styles became popular.A. JapaneseB. FrenchC. British14. The difference in fashion today is the .A. trend it createsB. choice of stylesC. size and penetration15. Levi jeans does business in countries.A. 100B. 2,800C. 4516. Alison Lurie says are

29、 making decisions on fashion these days.A. designers and companiesB. people and culturesC. editors and manufacturers17. Marc Bourgery thinks dictates what global fashion is.A. the EastB. the WestC. internationalism18. Armani is most probably a (n) brancl(商標(biāo))name.A. ItalianB. FrenchC. Japanese19. Tod

30、ay the makes fashion choices.A. consumerB. designerC. international market20. Fashion is today.A. specificB diverseC. expensivePart IDRead Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet. (20 points, 2 points each)Passage

31、 3Advertising1 In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly identical. One manufacturer ' s toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturer's. Thus, m

32、anufacturers are confronted with a problem how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising.hey try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.2 One typ

33、e of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumer's reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth.3 Another type o

34、f advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essentia! boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example, the advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products

35、 that the consumers associate with fun.4 Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile

36、advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you may even be jealous when they see you driving the hot, new Aardvark car. Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love. This ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages

37、are made or their low cost； instead the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy's cut finger. In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages. The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation “Ouch Bandages= lov

38、e."5 One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies.Questions 2130 are based on Passage 3.21. Consumer usually has the choice of several different products of the same brand in a competitive economy.22. T

39、he products are more or less the same although they have different labels.23. Manufacturers have to advertise their products in order to stay in business.24. According to the passage, there are mainly four types of advertisements.25. A scientific approach is used to prove the true value of the produ

40、ct.26. In selling a product, appearance of truth may be more important than the truth of advertising.27. Ads associated with fun are likely to attract potential buyers.28. According to the passage, many automobile ads try to appeal to the consumer9 s reasoning mind.29. The picture of a mother tender

41、ly kissing her small boy is to show the usefulness of bandages.30. People's desires can be more satisfied by the improved advertisements.Part IVRead Passage 4 and answer the following questions. Make your answers as short and clear as possible. (20 points, 4 points each)Passage 4London1 London i

42、s an interesting and exciting city. It is fashionable and full of life. Nearly a third of London's population today are young people with a modern outlook on life. Most of them earn good money and therefore they have much more freedom and independence than young people used to have. They set the

43、ir own fashions in clothes； and they spend a lot of money on their entertainment.2 London is also more cosmopolitan today. And this, too, has helped to give new life to the capital. People of all nations, races and religions live and work in London. Thousands of foreign students are studying at Lond

44、on University and at other educational centres. And every year several million visitors from all parts of the world visit London, either on business or for a holiday. Indeed, it sometimes seems as if there were almost more foreigners than Londoners in London.3 More than three million people live in

45、inner Londont and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London. Thus, the total population of Greater London is over eight million.4 Besides the people living in London, thous

46、ands of men and women form towns and villages surrounding the capital work in London and travel to their offices daily by train or by car. Most of these people live in the suburbs, within about ten to twenty miles of central London； but many live in the countryt perhaps as much as thirty or forty mi

47、les away. These thousands of people stream into London like an attacking army between 8：30 and 9：30 in the morning； and then they pack into the crowded trains, or their cars, and stream home again between about 4 ：30 and 6 ：30 in the evening.5 London is very busy and over-crowded. There is a continu

48、ous noise of traffic in all the main streets. The traffic never seems to stop, even during the night, and people always seem to be in a hurry. They appear to do everything in a rush, with an eye on the clock, as il they had only a short time to live. The noise and rush is tiring, but you soon get us

49、ed to it.London, which stands on the River Thames9 has a history of nearly two thousand years. The Romans made London their capital soon after they landed in Britain in the first century. They built a bridge across the River Thames and opened a small port on the north bank of the river. Then they bu

50、ilt a small town. London, which today is one of the three largest cities in the world, has developed from this small Roman town.7 Although London is a very old town, most of the houses are relatively new. In some districts whole streets are being rebuilt. Some of the biggest modem developments are i

51、n the city of London, and it is surprising how well the new building fit in with the old , architecture.Questions 3135 are based on Passage 4.31. Why are young people more independent now than they used to be in London?32. What's the total population of Greater London?33. How do most of the peop

52、le, who live in towns and villages near London and work in London, go to work?34. At what time do most people go home from work?35. How old is London?試題答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(僅供參考)Part I (30 points, 3 points each)1. B2. A3. C4. C5. A6. B7. C8. B9. A10. CPart H (30 points, 3 points each)11. B12. A13. B14. C15. C16.

53、 B17. C18. A19. A20. BPart Ill (20 points, 2 points each)21. F22. T23. T24. F25. F26. T27. T28. F29. T30. FPart IV (20 points, 4 points each)31. Because most of them earngood money./ Because theyare richer.32. Over eight million.33. By train or by car.34. Between about 4 ：30 and 6 ：30 in the evening

54、.35. Nearly two thousand years.英語(yǔ)閱讀(3)題庫(kù)二Part IQuestions 1一10 are based on Passage 1. (30 points9 3 points each)Passage 1Searching for Utopia1 While most of the world seems to be motivated by more money, better televisions> more powerful cars, the highest-tech computers, bigger houses, there are

55、some independent souls who are tired of "the rat-race” that is, the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead. Since around 1990, there has been a slow but steady rise in intentional communities” in the U. S. An intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live together

56、with a common purpose. Although quite diverse in philosophy and lifestyle, each of these groups places a high priority on a sense of community, in other words, the feeling of belonging and mutual support. There were 300 intentional communities listed in the 1990 edition of the Intentional Communitie

57、s Directory； by 1995, this had grown to 600, and it is estimated that there are now several thousand, listed and unlisted, in operation. These communities vary in size, but in the 600 listed communities in 1995, total population, including children, was estimated at 24,000.2 At first glance, the int

58、entional community movement appears quite diverse. It is multi-generational, i. e. with ages ranging from children to seniors. They may choose to live together on a piece of rural land, in a suburban centre> or in an urban neighbourhood. In some communities, individuals own their own land and house； in others, these things are shared. There is a wide variety of choices regarding standard of living some embrace voluntary simplicity while others have full access to the products and services of todayy s society. Even the purposes vary widely. For e