1、英語輔導(dǎo)：初升高技能提升、強(qiáng)化知識(shí)點(diǎn)開啟高中新航程親愛的童鞋：你知道高中英語比初中英語考試更難得高分嗎?初中的英語考試是學(xué)什么，就考什么，高中英語考試，感覺是學(xué)什么不考什么，每次考試都撒大網(wǎng)，似乎與學(xué)的東西沒什么關(guān)聯(lián).建議：1）拓展詞匯。 不僅課本上的單詞短語句子要掌握，還要把考試卷子，作業(yè)練習(xí)，課外報(bào)刊雜志上重要的單詞短語抄錄下來，每個(gè)人必須準(zhǔn)備單詞積累本，不斷積累，不斷復(fù)習(xí)，鞏固記憶。2） 搭建基本語法框架。 高中的每次考試 都涉及基礎(chǔ)語法：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；各類從句；冠詞；非謂語動(dòng)詞等等。 3） 英語的學(xué)習(xí)方法： 重復(fù) + 積累 + 訓(xùn)練+ 朗讀 + 背誦 為了不讓自己在高中的高強(qiáng)度的海浪中擱淺

2、在沙灘上，在暑期銜接培訓(xùn)時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真喲！初升高銜接內(nèi)容：1. 基礎(chǔ)語法部分1） 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)2） 定語從句3） 狀語從句4） It的用法5） 非謂語動(dòng)詞Module 1 B 2. 高一（上）新課1） Module 1， book 12） Module 2, Book 13） Module 3 Book 13. 考試技能部分1） 高中閱讀理解技巧2） 高中完形填空技巧3） 高中短文改錯(cuò)技巧1 基礎(chǔ)語法部分 第一部分 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)【時(shí)態(tài)的基本概念】動(dòng)詞do 的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)形式變化對(duì)照表主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do ( does )am(is, are )+ done一般過去時(shí)didwas(were )+

3、 done一般將來時(shí)will(shall) dowill be + done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am(is are )doingam(is,are)being+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was(were) doingwas(were)being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have(has) donehave(has)been+done過去完成時(shí)had donehad been+done過去將來時(shí)would dowould be + done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have(has)been doing沒有被動(dòng)形式過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Had been doing沒有被動(dòng)形式1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志: often usually som

4、etimes every day on Sunday 等 1) We go to school every day.2)Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. 考點(diǎn)：1） 主將 從現(xiàn) 在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的概念。：when, after, before, until, as soon as/ the moment：if, unless; so(as)long as。I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.

5、I will come to see you when you finish your training2）火車、 飛機(jī)、輪船的時(shí)刻表，學(xué)校單位等的時(shí)間作息表用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；The flight to Beijing takes off at five oclock this afternoon.Classes begin at eight tomorrow morning.3) 賓語從句表永恒的真理:He told me that practice makes perfect.4) 表思想感情等動(dòng)詞用于表暫時(shí)的情況: hear, see , taste, smell, sound, seem,

6、 look, like, hate, prefer, want, believe, doubt, think, suppose, understand, need 等 I m hungry. I want something to eat.2. 一般過去時(shí)：過去發(fā)生過了的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志:yesterday, last, ago, in 1990Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences

7、and answered their questions as honestly as I could. 考點(diǎn): 固定句式1) Its time (that) sb. did（should do）Ten oclock nowits time you went home.2) would rather (that) sb. did Dont come and see me today. Id rather you came tomorrow.3) 在wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中(表現(xiàn)在或?qū)? I wish I had a better memory.4)在if (If only)引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中

8、 If I had money, Id buy a car. If only I had more time.5)在 對(duì)話中用過去時(shí)態(tài)，表示“剛才。、原來。). Im sorry, I didnt recognize youIm sorry, I forgot to bring my book here一般將來時(shí)：將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志: tomorrow, this afternoon, next week, in two days, in 2010, if條件句的主句等將來時(shí)的五種動(dòng)詞形式(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示“純粹的將來”和“主觀意圖 “愿意”和 臨時(shí)決定1）Go thro

9、ugh the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. (P1, Senior Book2A) 2）Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. (表示“主觀意圖)3）- Have you told the news to Mary?-Oh, I forgot. I will phone her about it at once.( 臨時(shí)決定而,be going to表事先的計(jì)劃 ) going to

10、+ 動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示“打算做某事”或“已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況。Im going to cut this tree down. It is going to rain. (有跡象表明將要下雨) to +動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示按照計(jì)劃、安排或表示命令、禁止。1)The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 2) The president is to visit China on Monday, March the 8th. be doingWhat wil

11、l you be doing at this time tomorrow?I will be studying in Harvard this autumn. I have received the admission.5.用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式表示將來的概念。這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動(dòng)詞。How many of you are making the trip Is anybody seeing you off d) be about to do表馬上要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 不可與具體時(shí)間連用 be to do 則可以與具體時(shí)間連用The plane is about to take off.The pla

12、ne is to take off in two minutes.3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志: now, at present, at this moment, look, listen, there be時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu): am/is/are doingIm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me (P. 1, Senior Book2B)考點(diǎn):1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)同always配合使用時(shí)，be always doing

13、帶有贊賞，喜歡或厭惡、批評(píng)，不喜歡等感情色彩。1.)They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. , Senior Book1B)2)He is always making trouble.2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示目前正在發(fā)生的變化和發(fā)展中的情況.1)The population of the world is rising very fast.2)Is your English getting better now?3)The world is changing. Science and

14、 technology is developing.4 過去進(jìn)行時(shí):過去某一時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志: this time yesterday/last week, whendid時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成: was/were doing 考點(diǎn):1) was/were always doing帶有厭惡、批評(píng)，不喜歡等感情色彩。 He was always playing computer games last year.2) was/were doingwhendid 正在做.的時(shí)候突然. We were listening to the teacher very attentively when

15、 he suddenly rushed out.3)-Did he finish his homework last night. -I dont know. He was doing it when I went to bed.5 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動(dòng)作。時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志: already, yet, ever, never, just, once, twice, three times, so far, recently, lately, now, these days, for three years, since two days ago, since last year等時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)

16、成: have/has done1)Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 2) We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. 考點(diǎn):1)并非所有以for +段時(shí)間引導(dǎo)的短語都用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). He has stayed ( will stay/ stayed) here for three days.2) He has gone there for three days錯(cuò).He has been/

17、stayed there for three days對(duì)3) 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)說明過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響作用，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)詢問或說明已經(jīng)知道了事情的起源和原因, 這時(shí)要用過去時(shí). Some fool has let the cat in. Who let the cat in I did. 4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用于when, as soon as, until引導(dǎo)的從句中表將來完成. Well have a rest when we have finished the job. You can leave as soon as your report has been checked. Im usi

18、ng the ladder. Youll have to wait until I have finished it.5) This/It is the first/second time that sb have/has done the best/most beautiful flower that sb have/has done Its the first time that he has driven a car. This is the most beautiful city that I have ever been to. Thats the seventh beer that

19、 youve drunk this evening.但: I t was the first time that he had driven a car.6 過去完成時(shí)：比過去的一個(gè)參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作，作為參照的過去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間有時(shí)在句子中直接表述出來，有時(shí)通過上下文暗示。時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志: beforedid , by +過去時(shí)間時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成: had doneHer parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a

20、young boy. 考點(diǎn):1) had (just) donewhendid. I had just finished the last exercise when the bell rang for the end of the class. We had just got to school when it began to rain.2) Hardly had sb. done.whendid No sooner had sb donethandid 剛一做了. 就. Hardly had I had time to speak when he turned to rush out.7

21、 過去將來時(shí)：以過去某一時(shí)間為參照，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在賓語從句中由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求，經(jīng)常會(huì)用到過去將來時(shí)。I thought it was going to be fun.8 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 由過去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在句子中一般可以翻譯成“一直”。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成: have/has been doing .People have been talking of it a lot recently. 1)Pippas parents have been waiting for them.2)For years we have been dreaming bette

22、r housing and jobs. (-3)-you look tired now.-Yes, I have been painting the house.關(guān)于時(shí)態(tài)須熟記的幾個(gè)固定句型:1. 祈使句, and/or+ 將來時(shí)1） Use your head and you will find a way.2） Give blood if possible and many lives will be saved.3） Dont move,or I will fire.2. be always/forever/constantly doing3. This/It is the first/

23、second time that sb. have/has donethe+最高級(jí) 4. That/It was the first/second time that sb. had donethe+最高級(jí) 5. was/were doing was/were on/atwas/were going to do whendidwas/were about to dohad (just) done6. Hardly had sb. done.whendid No sooner had sb donethandid6. Make sure/Check that sb do不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1) 不

24、及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài). die, happen, take place, occur, break out, appear, disappear等2) 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的集中情況:a. 系動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, stay, remain, get, become + adj.The steel feels cold.The food has gone bad.b. 表示開始,結(jié)束，運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等.Work begins

25、at eight in the morning.The shop closes at 6 pm every day.c. 表示主語的某種特征的動(dòng)詞,如read, write, sell, wash, wear, lock, dry, cook+ adv.This coat dries easily.Nylon cleans easily.d. hang, prove, increase, improveMy coat is hanging behind the door. His theory proves right. e. be+adj, to doEnglish is not so di

26、fficult to learn.This problem is hard to work out.f. Sth be worth doingg. Sth need doing ( to be done)The room needs cleaning/ to be done.A 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 2. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A.

27、will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 3. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 4. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. h

28、asnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 5 . My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 6. When will you come to see me, Dad I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finis

29、hing D. finish 7. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 8 . The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 9. Lets keep to the point or we

30、 _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached10. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed B高考真題1：Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ s

31、o rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change2. How long _ at this job Since 1990.。w。s。5。o。m w。w。s。5。o。m w。w。s。5。o。m w。w。s。5。o。mA. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 3 With the rapid growth of population, the ci

32、ty _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 4 The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 5. . You havent said a word about my new coat , Brenda. Do you like it Im sorry, I _ a

33、nything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 6 With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 7 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge It

34、 will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 8 . The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 9 . No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to r

35、esign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 10. The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _ to 95, the news agency reports. A. has increasedB. have increasedC. has been increased D. have been increased11- My flight _ . I'd better be on my way. Goodbye.- Bye. Happy landing!A. was

36、announced B. is being announced C. has announced D. is announced12-Were you told to attend the meeting I didnt see you anyway.- , but I had an accident on the way.AI was goingBI wouldCI should haveDId like to13. It seems that you _ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A. dont readB.

37、 didnt readC. havent readD. hadnt read14. Did you see a man in black pass by just now? No, sir. I _ a newspaper. （四川卷）A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading15. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. （江蘇卷）A. is preparing B. was preparingC

38、. had been preparingD. has been preparing輕松一刻N(yùn)ot long after an old Chinese woman came back to China from her visit to her daughter in the States, she went to a city bank to deposit the US dollars her daughter gave her. At the bank counter, the clerk checked each note carefully to see if the money wa

39、s real. It made the old lady out of patience.At last she could not hold any more, uttering. "Trust me, Sir, and trust the money. They are real US dollars. They are directly from America."它們是從美國直接帶來的一位中國老婦人在美國看望女兒回來不久，到一家市銀行存女兒送給她的美元。在銀行柜臺(tái)，銀行職員認(rèn)真檢查了每一張鈔票，看是否有假。這種做法讓老婦人很不耐煩，最后實(shí)在忍耐不住說：“相信我，先生

40、，也請(qǐng)你相信這些鈔票。這都是真正的美元，它們是從美國直接帶來的?！钡诙糠侄ㄕZ從句定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1）who, whom, that  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是想你見的人嗎（who/tha

41、t在從句中作主語）  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語） 2） whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：   They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.  Please pass me the book whose cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從

42、句中可作主語、賓語等。例如： A disease which / that had never been seen before appeared in the country The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句  關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which&qu

43、ot;結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如： 1) There was a time when （in which） I was tired of studying. 2)Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。 3)Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：   This is the moun

44、tain village where I stayed last year.  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. （錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯(cuò)） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對(duì)） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （對(duì)）

45、 I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。  限制性和非限制性定語從句 1） 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限

46、制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 2） 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 3） 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如： He seems not to have

47、grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 介詞+關(guān)系詞 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如： This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過

48、的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one's h

49、ealth. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。 as 的用法 例1. the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。例如：     I have g

50、ot into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。 例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：    As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。    As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.   As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。 關(guān)系代詞t

51、hat 的用法1）不用that的情況 a） 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如： （錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介詞后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2） 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all

52、, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。 d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。. e）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。A 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which you know the man _A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that

53、I spoke is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when factory

54、_we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked you lend me the book _the other day