1、時(shí)態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：every ，sometimes, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2）客觀(guān)真理，客觀(guān)存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3）表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例： Columbus proved

2、that the earth is round.4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如： Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在

3、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀(guān)狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。Where did you go just now?2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welc

4、ome.3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth " 到時(shí)間了 ""該了"It is time for you to go to bed. would (had) rather sb. did sth.4) wish, wonder, think, hope I thought you might have some.It is time sb. did sth." 時(shí)間已遲了 ""早該了"你該睡覺(jué)了。It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺(jué)了。表示'寧愿

5、某人做某事 'I'd rather you came tomorrow.等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.（ 含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（ 含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著 ）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（ 含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in

6、Kentucky for seven years.（ 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指 剛離去）注意：用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1） 動(dòng)詞 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike?3 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1) shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被 will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在爭(zhēng)求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)。Which paragraph sha

7、ll I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to + 不定式，表示將來(lái)。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discus

8、s the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。5) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)1) 下列動(dòng)詞： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus st

9、ar? It stars in ten minutes.2)倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3) 或條件句中。 When Bill comes ( 不是 will come), ask him to wait for meI'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4) 在動(dòng)詞 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they

10、 have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have (has) +過(guò)去分詞。&比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2)過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與

11、模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) :yesterday, last week ,ago, in1980, in October, just now, this morning, tonight, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, already,recently3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, work,study, know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become

12、, get married 等。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。）Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來(lái)了。He has been in the League for three y

13、ears.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ）He has been a League member for three years.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ）He joined the League three years ago.（三年前入團(tuán)， joined 為短暫行為。 ）I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, in 1960 ）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。（錯(cuò)） Tom has w

14、ritten a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.6過(guò)去完成時(shí)1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去 -1卜-1-> 其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。She said （that） she had never been to Paris.b.狀語(yǔ)從句 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When the police ar

15、rived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞， 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等， 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示 "原本 ，未能 "We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as 。He said that he had learned some English before.By the ti

16、me he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.7將來(lái)完成時(shí)1）構(gòu)成 will / be going to do sth.2）概念a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。b.動(dòng)作完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。They will have been married for 20 years by

17、then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.8現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：a.表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。）She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有： get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。

18、The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.d.與always, constantly, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)色彩。You are always changing your mind.時(shí)態(tài)比較趙寶斌編輯整理在英t中，時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的難點(diǎn)之一，它種類(lèi)多，容易混淆，下面筆者通過(guò)幾種時(shí)態(tài)比 較，幫助英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者理解和掌握時(shí)態(tài)的用法?，F(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去一般時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與過(guò)去一般時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去一般時(shí)將來(lái)一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

19、時(shí)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過(guò)去一般式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1） I come from Shanghai（ 上海人）I have come from Shanghai （從上海來(lái)）2） You read very well.（強(qiáng)調(diào)能力）You've read very well.（強(qiáng)調(diào)一次剛完成的動(dòng)作）3） I forget.（ 一時(shí)想不起來(lái)了）I have forgotten.（仍沒(méi)想起來(lái)，可能已回憶起來(lái)了）4） The book is written in simple English.（ 表狀態(tài)）The book has been writ

20、ten in simple English.（表動(dòng)態(tài)，已用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)成）5） Every time I see him, he's been reading.（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作不可能同時(shí)進(jìn)行）Every time I have seen him,he's been reading.（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）6） He is gone.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）He has gone （強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作和時(shí)間）7） He won't come till the play begins.（ 演出開(kāi)始時(shí)）He won't come till the play has begun.（戲已開(kāi)始）8） Aft

21、er I leave school, I'll go to college.（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊密相接）After I have left school, I'll go to college.（強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)后，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可能有間隔）9） It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.（這兩句話(huà)樣，后一句是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)）10） Where are you? （ 在哪） Where have you been?（ 去了哪）2. 現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1） He works

22、 hard. （強(qiáng)調(diào)始終如一）He is working hard. （強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在）2） What do you do? （ 干什么工作的）What are you doing? （在干什么）3） Here comes the bus! （ 表高興和欣慰）The bus is coming. （汽車(chē)到來(lái)的情景）4） I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.（ 差點(diǎn)把他的名字忘了）5） You don't eat much. （ 強(qiáng)調(diào)胃口不大）You're not eating much. （你怎么不吃呀）6） The matc

23、h starts at 7 o'clock. （ 比較固定，不宜改變）The match is starting at 7 o'clock. （可以改變）7） Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.（ 表示不滿(mǎn)，責(zé)備）8）Tom goes to college now.Tom is going to college now.（ 這兩句區(qū)別不大，后者更生動(dòng)）9） I tell you. （我可以告訴你）I'm telling you.（ 我告訴你吧，有感情色彩）10） He always sleeps in th

24、e afternoon.He is always sleeping in the afternoon.（ 后者意味著整個(gè)下午都睡掉了）11） I expect you to phone me. （ 幾乎等于命令）I'm expecting you to phone me. （婉轉(zhuǎn)）12） What do you say? What are you saying?（ 你說(shuō)些什么呀，表說(shuō)話(huà)人驚訝，不滿(mǎn)）13） I find that the book is too difficult for me.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）I'm finding that the book is too di

25、fficult forme. （強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，逐漸感到）14） Apples cost more these days.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)）Apples are costing more these days.（ 越來(lái)越貴）15） He always thinks of others.He's always thinking of others.（ 表示贊揚(yáng)）16） Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后） Whenever I see him, he isarguing with somebody.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行

26、）17） I hope you'll give us some advice.I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.（ 表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)）18） I must go. （ 我應(yīng)該去）I must be going.（ 我該走了）19） We can discuss this while we eat.（ 說(shuō)話(huà)是沒(méi)用餐）We can discuss this while we are eating.（ 進(jìn)餐已開(kāi)始）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去一般時(shí)1） I've seen him this morning.（ 還在上午的時(shí)間里）I sa

27、w him this morning.（ 時(shí)間已不在上午了）2） Who's opened the window? （ 窗戶(hù)還在開(kāi)著）Who opened the window? （ 與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān),窗戶(hù)可能已關(guān)上）3） Have you ever heard him sing? （ 他可能不是愛(ài)唱歌）Did you ever hear him sing?（ 你曾聽(tīng)過(guò)他唱歌嗎,他可能是歌唱家）4） Have you ever heard of such a thing? （ 你聽(tīng)過(guò)這種事嗎）Did you ever hear of such a thing?（ 這種事, 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)嗎? 是一

28、個(gè)修辭性問(wèn)題，表示驚異。）5） What have I done to make you so angry? （ 對(duì)方仍生氣）What did I do to make you so angry? （暗示某一過(guò)去的時(shí)間，可能對(duì)方已不生氣了。）6） How has he done it? （ 他這活干的怎么樣？強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）How did he do it? （他是怎么干這活的？強(qiáng)調(diào)干活的方式）7） He has lived in New York for eight years. （ 他仍在紐約）He lived in New York for eight years. （他可能不在人世了）8）

29、He has been called a thinker.He was called a thinker.（ 他曾被譽(yù)為思想家）9） You've heard what I said. （ 你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的話(huà)了）You heard what I said. （你是聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的話(huà)的，口氣嚴(yán)厲，具有感情色彩。）10） I've lost my pen. （ 筆還沒(méi)找到）I lost my pen. （筆可能找到了）11） He has already been there. （ 曾去過(guò)哪）He was already there. （當(dāng)時(shí)在哪）12） Since I have been il

30、l, my friend has visited me every day. （生病還在延續(xù)）Since I was ill, myfriend has visited me every day. （ 病已好了）13） Have you slept well? （ 暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了）Did you sleep well? （暗示睡的是否舒服，滿(mǎn)意）4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與過(guò)去一般時(shí)1） I came here after I finished middle school.（ 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作每間隔）I came here after I had finished middle school.（

31、兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有間隔,強(qiáng)調(diào)先后概念）2） I waited till I saw him.I waited till I had seen him. （ 這兩個(gè)句子差不多,過(guò)去完成時(shí)更普遍）3） We hoped he would come.（ 我們希望他來(lái)）We had hoped he would come.（ 我們本希望他來(lái)的）4） I don't think he sang as well as he once did.（ 指具體一次）I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.（ 泛指以前,現(xiàn)在可能不唱了）5） Bef

32、ore I came here, I was a soldier.（ 我來(lái)此以前在當(dāng)兵）Before I came here, I had been a soldier.（ 我來(lái)此以前,曾當(dāng)過(guò)兵）6） Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.（ 表示 Jim 在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)仍很結(jié)實(shí)） Jim said he didn't know hehad been so strong.（表示在Jim說(shuō)話(huà)之前曾結(jié)實(shí)過(guò) ）7） They were friends from many years.（ 表示現(xiàn)在還是朋友）They had been friends

33、 for many years.（ 意味這友誼結(jié)束了）8） He did the work at 6.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間）He had done the work at 6. （6 點(diǎn)工作已做完）9） I learned French during my holiday.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)了）I had learned French during my holiday. （ 強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)會(huì)了）10） When she sang she sat down.（ 表示唱著坐下）When she had sung she sat down.（ 表示唱完坐下）11） I went to bed when I did my

34、homework.（ 不明確 ）I went to bed when I had done my homework.（ 作業(yè)做完）12） I have lived here since I was a child.（ 從我長(zhǎng)大成人）I have lived here since I had a child.（ 從我孩提時(shí)）5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去一般時(shí)1） I read a book yesterday. （ 書(shū)已看完）I was reading a book yesterday.（ 書(shū)尚未看完）2） The guests arrived.（ 客人已到）The guests were arriv

35、ing.（ 客人陸續(xù)到達(dá)）3） He woke from a dream. （ 表示全醒）He was waking from a dream.（ 表示初醒）4） The old man died.（ 已死 ） The old man was dying.（ 要死 ）5） John told me about it.（ 告訴我了,我都知道了）John was telling me about it.（ 跟我談起過(guò),我想了解更多的事情）6） They persuaded me to go along with them.（ 已經(jīng)說(shuō)服）They were persuading me to go a

36、long with them.（ 還在勸說(shuō)）7） The wind blew hard all night.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)）The wind was blowing hard all night.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)風(fēng)刮個(gè)不停）8） I expected you. I was expecting you.（ 客氣,表示可能等了很舊了）9） He knocked at the door.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性）He was knocking at the door.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)多次性）6. 將來(lái)一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1） Will he come? Is he coming?（ 時(shí)間發(fā)生的比較近）2） How long wi

37、ll you stay hear? （ 表示意愿）How long will you stay here?（ 表示打算）3） She'll have a baby. （ 表示肯定）She's going to have a baby.（ 表示推測(cè),計(jì)劃）4） I'll see him this evening.（ 表示意愿）I'm seeing him this evening.（ 表示打算, 已有安排）7. 現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過(guò)去一般式1） Do you wish to see me?Did you wish to see me?（ 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣）2） That&#

38、39;s all I have to say.（ 我的話(huà)就這些）That's all I had to say.（ 我要說(shuō)的就這些）3） How do you like the film? （ 看電影過(guò)程中）How did you like the film?（ 看完電影后）4） It is nice to see you.（ 見(jiàn)面時(shí)說(shuō)）It was so nice to see you.（ 離別時(shí)說(shuō)）5） I never like him. （ 沒(méi)時(shí)間性）I never liked him.（ 從來(lái)沒(méi)喜歡過(guò)）6） I think I know that voice.（ 沒(méi)見(jiàn)客人時(shí)）I

39、 thought I know that voice.（ 見(jiàn)到客人時(shí),證明自己正確或錯(cuò)誤）7） Who is that? （ 哪人還在）Who was that?（ 人已不在場(chǎng)了）8） This cake is made at home.（家里常做這種蛋糕 ）This cake was made at home.（這種蛋糕是自家做的 ）8 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1） Someone has phoned you.（打了電話(huà) ）Someone has been phoning you.（直在打電話(huà) ）2） I've read the novel.（已讀完）I've been

40、 reading the novel.（還沒(méi)讀完）3） He has lived here for six weeks.e has been living here for six weeks.（ 區(qū)另I不大，后者更 口語(yǔ)化）4） Have you met her lately?Have you been meeting her lately?（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面）5） Who's eaten my apples?（蘋(píng)果沒(méi)有了）Who's been eating my apples?（有感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿(mǎn)）9 .現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)1） I hope that he

41、'll come.I had hoped he would come.（與事實(shí)相反）（經(jīng)常這樣用的詞有 ：expect, think, intend, mean, suppose）英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用法 趙寶斌寸態(tài)定義動(dòng)詞特性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞意義上卜義提示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)瞬間動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞always, often, sometimes,usually, every morning多用于心理活動(dòng)和個(gè)兒嗜好的動(dòng)詞。多出現(xiàn)在直接引語(yǔ)中M在進(jìn)行時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)多用持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，如果是瞬間動(dòng) 詞多表示動(dòng)作的 重復(fù)。now, at the moment, at a certain time.多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞前后有提示語(yǔ)，如：loolistenM在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果和影響瞬間動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞since, for, so far, until now, this morning（week） before,in the past few weeks, ever表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。有時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不明顯