1、人教版新目標(biāo)英語八年級上冊知識要點 初二上學(xué)期Unit 1 How often do you exercise? 1.exercise: vi:鍛煉、運動. You are heavy,you should exercise every day.你很重，你應(yīng)當(dāng)每天鍛煉。 noun:名詞“訓(xùn)練、鍛煉”:(不可數(shù)名詞):Youd better take more exercise. 常用復(fù)數(shù)“體操”：do morning exercises. do eye exercises. 名詞“練習(xí)、習(xí)題、功課”：spelling exercises拼寫練習(xí) do ones exercise做練習(xí)（功課）

2、Please do the exercises on Page 8.請做8頁上的練習(xí)題。2.at/on weekend(s)=at/on the weekend 在周末 on Sunday在星期天 on Saturday morning3.go to the movies=go to see a movie=go to the cinema去看電影 see a film=see a movie看電影4和一般現(xiàn)在時連用的頻率副詞有：ever(曾經(jīng))、never(從不)、sometimes=at times有時 usually通常 often 常常 always總是 once a week一周一次

3、 two or three times a month 一月兩次或三次 hardly ever難得（對這些提問都用“How often”） every day 每天 every Sunday 每周日5.hardly:副詞“幾乎不”：There is hardly anything in the bottle.hard:副詞“努力地”：Work hard!努力工作。 Study hard.努力學(xué)習(xí)。 adj:硬的、：The cake is too hard.蛋糕太硬了。 adj:艱苦的、困難的: hard work.艱苦的工作。 What hard work (it is)! live a ha

4、rd life.過著艱苦的生活。 live a happy life過著幸福的生活6.shop:名詞“商店”=store. bookshop=bookstore. 不及物 動詞：“購物、買東西”：后不接賓語。I want shop this Sunday.這個周日我想購物。 go shopping=do some shopping=do the shopping=go to the shops.去購物7.result:可數(shù)名詞“結(jié)果、成果”：Here are the results of our market survey.這些是我們市場調(diào)查的結(jié)果。 He made a great resul

5、t.他取得了了不起的成果。 the result of 的結(jié)果 a map of China一張中國地圖 a photo of my family=my family photo我的家庭照8.Here are the results of ：這是的結(jié)果。 Here,there放在句子開頭時，句子要倒裝（即謂語放在主語的前面）：1).如果主語是名詞，句子要全部倒裝（即謂語放在主語的前面）：Here comes the teacher. 2).如果主語是人稱代詞，句子不倒裝：Here he comes.=He comes here.他來了。 9.Here,there謂語句子開頭時，要根據(jù)全部主語決

6、定謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)。Here are an apple and two eggs for you. There be句型的主語在be后面，但要根據(jù)就近原則決定be的單、復(fù)數(shù)： There is an apple and two eggs for you. There are two eggs and an apple for you.10.most:adj:大多數(shù)的、大部分的、幾乎全部的：Most people大部分人 people的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 noun:大部分、大多數(shù)：與of連用。Most of us like studying English.我們中大部分人喜歡學(xué)英語。11as fo

7、r:至于、關(guān)于。常用與引出另一話題。As for playing chess,I dont like it at all.至于下棋，我根本不喜歡。12interest:不可數(shù)名詞“興趣”：show great interest in (doing) sth.在做某事方面顯出巨大的興趣。 place(s) of interest.名勝景點 The Palace Museum is a place of interest.故宮是一處名勝古跡。interested:感興趣的 be/feel interested in (doing) sth.對做某事感興趣。interesting:有趣的：She i

8、s interested in the interesting book.她對這本有趣的書感興趣。13.improve:vi/vt:改善、提高：We should improve our life.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)改善我們的生活。Her English is improving.她的英語在提高。14a book on medicine. a book about action movies.15.be good for對有好處/益處 be bad for對有害處 be good to sb對某人好 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.=Its good

9、for your eyes to do eye exercises.16.happy unhappy不幸福的 friendly unfriendly不友好的 health:名詞“健康”。 healthy健康的 unhealthy不健康的 she is in good health.=Shes healthy=She is fit.=She is well.她是健康的。17How long:對物體的長度和一段時間提問： How long is the ruler? How long are the holiday?How long is the river? How long do you sl

10、eep every night? How often:每隔多久一次。對頻率副詞或詞組提問。 How soon:多久以后。對一般將來時中的“in+段時間”提問：-How soon will he come back? -In a week.18.drink: vt:喝、飲：The cow is drinking water.牛在喝水。 something to drink.一些喝的東西。 vi:干杯。Drink to ones health.為某人的健康干杯。 noun:飲料：a cooling drink冷飲 a hot drink熱飲 bottled drinks瓶裝飲料 一些（一口）飲料：

11、Give me a drink of water.給我一些水喝。19pretty:adj:漂亮的、標(biāo)致的、美麗的、秀麗的：a pretty garden一個美麗的花園 優(yōu)美的、悅耳的：a pretty piece of music 優(yōu)美的樂曲 adv:相當(dāng)、十分、很：修飾形容詞或副詞。=quite. quite/pretty well.e home from school 放學(xué)回家 come home from work下班回家 eating habits飲食習(xí)慣 writing desk寫字臺 swimming pool游泳池 running star賽跑明星21.try:試圖、盡量 try

12、 to do sth.盡量做某事 try doing sth試著做某事 try/do ones best to do sth竭盡所能做某事 try on試穿(代詞放中間) 名詞“嘗試”：have a try試一試 Lets have a try讓我們試一試。22a lot of=lots of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞=many +復(fù)數(shù)名詞： lots of apples=many apples.a lot of=lots of+不可數(shù)名詞=much+不可數(shù)名詞： lots of milk=much milka lot:名詞詞組“許多”，作賓語：She knows a lot about it.關(guān)于那件事，

13、她了解很多。a lot:副詞詞組。用來修飾形容詞、副詞（比較級）；也可在動詞后作狀語，相當(dāng)于very much. The teacher cares about me a lot=very much.老師非常關(guān)心我。23.look after=take care of 照看、照顧 look at sb(sth)看著sb/sth look for尋找 look up:抬頭看；向上看； He looked up at the sky.他抬頭看著天空。 查字典：Please look the word up in the dictionary. Look it up.查尋它。（代詞放中間）. loo

14、k out of朝外看。 Dont look out of the windows.不要向窗外看。 Look out=take care=Be careful:當(dāng)心、小心 be careful with sth=be careful in doing sth.細心做某事 careful:細心的；仔細的 careless 粗心的24.in a junior middle school在一所中學(xué) surf the Internet上網(wǎng) had better (not) do sth最好（不）做某事25help sb (to) do sth. help sb with sth. a useful b

15、ook.一本有用的書26.the same as與一樣 in the same class在同一個班里 in different schools 在不同的學(xué)校 be different from與不同 difference:名詞“不同點、差異、區(qū)別”: There are many differences between the two pictures.這兩幅畫間有許多不同點。27.a kind of bird一種鳥 some kinds of一些種類的 many kinds of許多種類的all kinds of各種各樣的28.although=though雖然、即使、縱然：引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從

16、句，不與but連用，但可與yet連用。Although(Though) he is very old,he is very healthy.=He is very old,but he is very healthy.29.maybe=perhaps.副詞“也許、可能”: Maybe he knows the way to the post office.=He may know the way to the post office.或許他知道去郵局的路。30 A: How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視？) B: I watch TV every day.

17、(我每天都看電視。) A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜歡的節(jié)目是什么？) B: It's Animal World.(是動物世界。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多長時間看一次這個節(jié)目？)31.That sounds interesting.這是“主語+系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。sound（聽起來），look（看起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（覺得），seem（好象），grow（變得）,get（變得）等詞在英語中可用作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。如：It tastes goo

18、d. 這味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 這音樂聽起來很入耳。32.主要頻率副詞的等級排序： always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經(jīng)常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)隔一段時間做某事數(shù)次用 數(shù)詞 + 時間間隔 的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。如： once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊詞 once) twice a day 一天兩次(“兩次”用特殊詞 twice) three times a month 一個月三次(三次或三次以上用 基數(shù)詞 + ti

19、mes 的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成) four times a year 一年四次重點短語：how often 多久一次 as for 至于；關(guān)于 how many 多少（針對可數(shù)名詞） how much 多少（針對不可數(shù)名詞） look after = take care of = care for 照顧；照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 許多；大量 every night 每晚 hardly ever 幾乎不 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 嘗試做某事 get good grades 取得好成績 kind

20、of 有點 want sb. to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事 be /keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think alike. 人心各異 junk food 垃圾食品eating habit 飲食習(xí)慣 start with 以開始 go shopping去購物 have a party 聚會 go to the movie（s）去看電影 the same as和相同 surf the internet 上網(wǎng) healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 go skate boarding 去劃板 . keep healthy=stay h

21、ealthy 保持健康 exercise=take (much) exercise=do sports鍛煉 take more exercise 做更多的運動 be different from 不同 twice a week一周兩次 although=though雖然 most of the students=most students大多數(shù)學(xué)生 shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物 activity survey活動調(diào)查 do homework做家庭作業(yè) do house work做家務(wù)事 eat less meat吃更少的肉 come home fro

22、m school放學(xué)回家 of course=certainly=sure當(dāng)然 give sb some advice help sb to do sth幫助某人做某事=help sb with sth a lot of vegetables=many vegetables許多蔬菜【語法知識聚焦】一般現(xiàn)在時Be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時:表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)He is twelve. 他十二歲。 They are at home.他們在家。行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時:A.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作 I go to school at seven every day. He plays soccer on Sunday

23、s.B.表示主語具備的性格和能力等She likes apples. They speak Japanese.否定式和疑問式1）We go to school at seven every day. We dont go to school at seven. Do you go to school at seven? Yes, we do.（No, we dont.）2）He goes to school at seven every day. He doesnt go to school at seven. Does he go to school at seven? Yes, he do

24、es.(No, he doesnt.)一般現(xiàn)在時常和表示時間頻度的副詞連用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening 2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it 4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.一般現(xiàn)在時常和以下時間表達法連用。如：in the morning, in the af

25、ternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成：1、直接加-slooklooks readreads playplaysstopstops2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加es missmisseswashwashes do-does3. 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞去y為i，再加es stu

26、dy studies cry cries4.特殊的 have - has ( ) 1.A: How often _ she exercise? B: Twice a week.A. do B. doesC. doingD. did( ) 2. I _ like to drink milk. A. not B. doesntC. dontD. no( ) 3. Good food and exercise _ me to study better.A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help( ) 4. Is her lifestyle the same _ yo

27、urs or different?A. as B. inC. atD. to( ) 5. I like _ for breakfast.A. a bookB. a rulerC. an eggD. a sofa( ) 6. The _are $21.A. glasses B. shoe C. table D. bike( ) 7. Tennis _ my favorite sport.A. are B. isC. amD. be( ) 8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim _ two tennis rackets.A. have B. play C. pla

28、ys D. has( ) 9. “Lets play computer games.” “That _ interesting.”A. looks B. soundsC. listens D. reads( )10. My father likes football. But he _ it. He only _ football matches on TV! A. plays, watches B. play, watch C. doesnt play, watches D. plays, doesnt watch 11.Tom and Jim usually play soccer (在周

29、末)。12.He (幾乎不) (喝) milk.13.Some students watch TV (一周3到4次)。14Most of the books (be) useful. 15.How many (hour) are there in a day?16. do you visit your uncle? -Often. A.How long B.How many C.How often17.The students exercise every day and try healthy. A.keep B.keeping C.kept D.to keep18.This shop se

30、lls a lot of things. A.little B.many C.some D.few19.My teacher wants me hard. A.to study B.study C.studies D.studying20.-How often are the Olympic Games held? - four years. A.Every B.Each C.In D.For21.Eating fruit is good for our (健康). 13.Can you go (skateboard)?22.How often Li Lei (watch) TV? 23.Hi

31、s (eat) habits are not good.24. (對于)junk food,most students like it very much.25. it is rainy today, he still works outside. A.Although;but B.But;although C./;although D.Although;/26.I like to exercise on Saturday,I swim or A.watch TV B.play tennis C.read a book27.The old man doesnt have money. A.ma

32、ny B.much C.some D.a lot28.I exercise three or four times a week. (對畫線部分提問) ?29.Peter is a boy.He can read and write well. A.5-years-old B.5-year-old C.8-year-old D.8-years-old30.(改錯) His words made me feel happily. 23.(改錯) Play football is his favorite. 31（改錯）Is her lifestyle the same as you or dif

33、ferent? 32.You look tired.Youd better a good sleep. A.have B.having C.had D.to have33.- are you late for class? -Never. A.How many B.How much C.How about D.How often34 When I come home_ work, I felt very tired. A. to B. from C. for D. at35. I usually exercise ten _ eleven times a week. A. to B. at C

34、. for D. in36. I think Im _ unhealthy. A. kinds of B. a litter C. kind of D. pretty very.37.Maybe Im not very healthy, _ I have healthy habits.A. and B. because C. although D. so38. I love junk food very much, but I try to eat _ only once a week. A. its B. it C. them D. they39.Can you play football

35、_ us? A. with B. for C. in D. and40.This is an _ lifestyle. A. healthy B. unhealthy C. unfriendly D. orange41. _ do you shop? I shop every week. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How far42. A lot of vegetables helps you keep _ good health. A. at B. in C. in D. on43.He knows a lot _ he is still

36、 a child. A. so B. although C. but D. or44. His English isnt very good. You must _ him.A. try help B. trying to help C. try to helps D. try to help用下列所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. What do you usually do on weekends? I often do some_(read).2. Here _ (be) the results of the student activity survey.3. My mother wants

37、me_ (drink) milk every day. She _ (say) its good for my health.4. My _ (eat) habits are pretty good, I try _ (eat) a lot of vegetables.5. Good food and exercise help me _ (study) better.6. What are the _ (different) between Picture A and Picture B?7. You must have _ (eat) less meat, more vegetables.

38、8. Whats your favorite exercise?- _ (swim).句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. She goes to the movies three times a month.（對劃線部分提問）How _ _ she _ to the movies?2. My mother wants me to play the guitar.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）My mother_ _ me to play the guitar.3. We eat meat twice a week.（同義句）We_ meat two_ a week.4. I always exercise after schoo

39、l.（變成完全否定句）I_ exercise after school.5. I practice the piano every day.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ do you practice the piano? Unit 2 Whats the matter?1.matter:麻煩事、毛?。?vi:(主要用與否定句和疑問句中)：有關(guān)系、要緊：It doesnt matter.沒關(guān)系。2.have/has: 1）.有： 2).拿、得到、取得=get. May I have your name?我可以知道你的名字嗎？ 3).吃、喝：have a cup of tea. 4).進行、從事、舉

40、行：have a talk談話 have a try試一試 have a party舉行聚會 have a meeting開會 have a class上課 have English lessons上英語課 5).享有、經(jīng)歷、遭受：have a good holiday 度過快樂的假日 have a bad toothache 6).叫、使：have sb do sth. 7).使、讓：have sth done. I will have my hair cut tomorrow. 8).have to do sth. 不得不做某事 She has to go now.3.ache:指持續(xù)的疼

41、痛，做名詞后綴：headache toothache stomachache sore:指因發(fā)炎引起的肌肉疼，放在名詞前：a sore throat have a sore+身體部位=have a +部位ache. pain:肉體上的劇烈疼痛：I have a pain in my feet.我腳痛。4.lie: 平躺、仰臥： lay lain. Lie down.躺下 lying 位于：Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中國的東方。 撒謊： Dont lie.=Dont tell a lie.不要撒謊。5something:肯定句中。 anything:

42、否定句和疑問句中。everything每樣?xùn)|西 nothing:否定句中 I ate nothing=I didnt eat anything.6連系動詞：feel感覺、感到 look看起來 smell聞起來 taste嘗起來 sound聽起來+adj:The music sounds beautiful.7.Im not feeling well.=I dont feel well.我感覺不舒服。 8.hope to do sth.希望做某事 hope +that句子。 I hope she will come tomorrow. I hope so.我希望如此。 名詞“希望”：She ga

43、ve up her hope of becoming a doctor.她放棄了當(dāng)醫(yī)生的希望。9ill: 1）.生病的，（只放在be動詞、連系動詞后作表語）：be ill in bed.生病臥床 be ill in hospital生病住院 2）.壞的。=bad. (作定語)： ill news=bad news 壞消息 an ill boy一個壞孩子 sick:生病的。作表語或定語： She feels ill/sick.她感覺病了。 a sick boy一個生病的男孩。 sickness=illness疾病 Dont worry about her illness/sickness.別擔(dān)憂

44、她的疾病。10.listen:聽（強調(diào)動作）：The old man listened carefully,but he heard nothing. listen to music.聽音樂 listen to sb. hear:聽見（表結(jié)果）： 感官動詞：hear/listen to/see/watch sb do sth./doing sth.11.look:看（表動作）：Look! whats that? Look at the blackboard!看黑板。 see看見（表結(jié)果）：I can see nothing.=I cant see anything.我什么都看不見。 look

45、for:尋找（表過程） -What are you looking for? find:找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)： I looked for my pen everywhere(=here and there到處),but I couldnt find it.12.way: 1).方式、方法、手段：the way to do sth.做某事的方法。 2）.路線、線路：the way to sw。到某地的路 This way,please.請走這邊。 Use your head,then/and youll find a way.動動腦筋，你就會想出辦法。13.too much：太多+不可數(shù)名詞。 too m

46、uch還可作狀語：Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many:太多+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)： much too+形容詞/副詞=too +形容詞/副詞： Its much too cold today.14.also:也。肯定句中的助動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞后面，行為動詞前面。 too:也。肯定句末尾。前有逗號。 Nice to meet you,too.=Nice to meet you as well (=too) either:也。否定句尾。15.east 東方 （ south南方 west西方 north北方）+ern:都變?yōu)榱诵稳菰~：的

47、。 China is an eastern(東方的) country.中國是一個東方國家。 a western country.一個西方國家16Its +形容詞+（for sb 或of sb）+to do sth.這個句型中to do sth 是真正的主語，用it代替它，不定式放在了后面。 Its very important for us to learn English well.=To learn English well is very important for us.17.get tired變的累的 get wet變得濕的 get angry with sb生某人的氣18.some

48、 times:好幾次 sometimes=at times 有時 At times I play basketball with them. some time:一段時間。time為不可數(shù)名詞“時間”：He will be away for some time.他要離開一段時間。 sometime:（過去或?qū)淼模┠硞€時候。Well meet sometime next week.下周某個時候我們要見面。 times:時代、時勢、景況： the times 當(dāng)代 in modern times在近代 in ancient times 在古代 hard times艱難時世19.man(不用冠詞)

49、：人類。 丈夫：man and wife夫婦 20.a few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞:有幾個（表肯定） few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞：沒幾個；幾乎沒有（表否定） a little+不可數(shù)名詞（一點點） little+不可數(shù)名詞：幾乎沒有一點（表否定）21.enjoy doing sth.=like (doing) sth=like to do sth. enjoy oneself=have a good /nice/great/wonderful time.22.at the moment=now.此時、現(xiàn)在。 wait for a moment.請稍等 Just a minute,please.稍等片刻。23.la

50、te:副詞“晚地、遲地”： study late.學(xué)得晚 come/go to school late上學(xué)遲到 形容詞“晚的、遲的”：be late for school. I dont like to be late.我不喜歡遲到。24until:介詞/連詞：直到之時；在之前：肯定句中，與延續(xù)性動詞連用。如： I waited for him until he came back yesterday. 否定句中，用瞬間動詞：She didnt go to bed until 12 oclock. notuntil直到才25Maybe you should see a dentist. 或許你

51、應(yīng)該看牙醫(yī)。26I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起來。27Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認為我們需要陰陽調(diào)和以保持身體健康。28Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對這有好處。 29People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang

52、. 太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。30Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. 有一個健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。31When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night. 疲倦時，晚上你不該外出。32I believe him, but I cant believe in him. 他的話是真的，但是我不信任他這個人。33I am not feeling very well at the moment. 這段時間我感覺不大好。Im tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。34Im stressed out because my Mandarin isnt improving. 我很容易緊張，因為普通話沒有長進。35I practice playing the piano every day.我每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。36. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache