1、美國文學史各章節(jié)知識點指南時間：2011年2月使用教材：美國文學史（第二版）常耀信著Chapter 1 Colonial America 1607 Jamestown, Virginia：the first permanent English settlement in America 1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English Anne Brads

2、treet: the first American woman poet Major work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) Contemplations (9) on P. 17 （熟悉這首詩歌） To My Dear and Loving Husband致我親愛的丈夫 Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial period H

3、uswifery on P. 19 （熟悉這首詩歌） Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience (1644) Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue John Winthrop: “Model of Christian Charity” （基督慈善之典范）The History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826) (新英格蘭史) 1630 - 1649 in diary Thomas Pain

4、e: Common Sense, The American Crisis, The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason Philip Freneau: Poet of the American Revolution The Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying Ground, The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Charles Brockden Brown: the first important American novelist Wieland, Edgar Huntly, Ormond, Aurth

5、ur MervynChapter 2 Edwards, Franklin, Crevecoeur the 18th century: Age of Reason and Enlightenment Jonathan Edwards: Americas first systematic philosopher The Freedom of the Will, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac熟悉3

6、7頁的引文 Hector St. John de Crevecoeur: Letters from an American FarmerChapter 3 American Romanticism, Irving, Cooper Washington Irving: the first American writer to win international acclaim The Sketch Book: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fenimore Cooper: Leatherstocking Tales (五個故事

7、的題目) Natty Bumpo (人物形象)Chapter 4 New England Transcendentalism, Emerson, Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature (the Bible and manifesto of New England Transcendentalism) The American Scholar (Americas Declaration of IntellectualIndependence) Henry David Thoreau: Walden, or Life in the WoodsChapter 5 H

8、awthorne, Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter, Twice-Told Tales, The House of the Seven Gables, The Blithedale Romance, The Marble Faun, Young Goodman Brown Herman Melville: Moby Dick, Omoo, Mardi, Redburn, White Jacket, PierreChapter 6 Whitman, Dickinson Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass;

9、free verse; Song of Myself Emily Dickinson: Of the 1775 poems, only 7 poems were published in her lifetime. 熟悉教材中98至102頁所選的詩歌Chapter 7 Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe: The Fall of the House of Usher, The Philosophy of Composition, The Poetic Principle, The Raven，To Helen 熟悉教材中107頁所選的The Raven中的部分詩行C

10、hapter 8 The Age of Realism, Howells, James William Dean Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham, Criticism and Fiction Henry James: important writings listed on P. 125 the international themeChapter 9 Local Colorism, Mark Twain Hamlin Garland: Crumbling Idols, Veritism (真實主義) Bret Harte: The Luck of Roar

11、ing Camp Mark Twain: 主要作品, vernacular literature, colloquial style Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人 & her Uncle Toms Cabin湯姆叔叔的小屋 Louisa May Alcott 路易莎·梅·奧爾科特 & her Little Women 小婦人 Kate Chopin 凱特·肖班 & her The Awakening 覺醒Chapter 10 American Naturalism, Crane, Norris, Dreiser, R

12、obinson Stephen Crane: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (the first naturalistic novel in American literature), The Red Badge of Courage (the first anti-war novel in American literature), Famous short stories: The Open Boat, The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky Frank Norris: The Octopus, McTeague Theodore

13、Dreiser: Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, the Desire Trilogy, The Genius Edwin Arlington Robinson: Richard Cory Jack London: The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf, Martin Eden O. Henry (William Sidney Porter): famous for his short stories such as The Gift of the Magi Upton Sinclair: The Jung

14、le, the Muckraking MovementChapter 11 The 1920s, Imagism, Pound The first American Renaissance: the first half of the 19th century The second Renaissance: the 1920s The three principles of the Imagist Poetry 熟悉四首意象派詩歌：In a Station of the Metro, Oread, The Red Wheelbarrow, Fog, 并會分析其中的第一和第四首 Ezra Pou

15、nd: The Cantos, Hugh Selwyn MauberleyChapter 12 T. S. Eliot, Stevens, Williams T. S. Eliot: The Waste Land （五個部分的題目）, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 其他主要作品founder of New Criticism: depersonalization, objective correlative William Carlos Williams: PatersonChapter 13 Frost, Sandburg, Cummings, Ha

16、rt Crane, Moore Robert Frost: New England poet, lyrical poet, the unofficial poet laureate, won the Pulitzer Prize four times The Road Not Taken (熟悉此詩), Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Mending Wall, Apple-picking <<摘蘋果>> Carl Sandburg: Fog, The Harbor (two famous Imagist poems) E.

17、E. Cummings: the most interesting experimentalist in modern American poetry Hart Crane: The BridgeChapter 14 Fitzgerald, Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald: the spokesman of the Jazz Age The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway: Hemingway hero with “grace under pressure”, the iceberg principle“I always try to w

18、rite on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eights of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesnt show. ” 冰山運動之雄偉壯觀，是因為它只有八分之一在水面上。 水底的部分占整座冰山的八分之七。 主要作品 The Old Man and the Sea won him the 19

19、54 Nobel Prize for literature. Chapter 15 The Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner William Faulkner: Yoknapatawpha County (his fictional kingdom) 主要作品（見教材）Chapter 16 Anderson, Stein, Lewis, Cather, Wolfe Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio, colloquial style Gertrude Stein: The Autobiography of Alic

20、e B. Toklas, Three Lives “You are all a lost generation.” (To Hemingway) Sinclair Lewis: the first American author to win the Nobel Prize for literature (in 1930) Main Street, Babbit Willa Cather: My Antonia Thomas Wolfe: Look Homeward, AngelChapter 17 The 1930s, Dos Passos, Steinbeck John Dos Passo

21、s: U. S. A. John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath (Joad family); Nobel Prize for literature in 1962 and Pulitzer Prize winner for fictionChapter 18 Porter, Welty, McCullers, West, The New Criticism Katherine Anne Porter: The Flowering Judas, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Eudora Welty: Death of a Tr

22、aveling Salesman Carson McCullers: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Café Nathanael West: Miss LonelyheartsChapter 19 American Drama Eugene ONeill: Americas greatest playwright so far, Pulitzer Prize winner four times, Nobel Prize Winner in 1936, 美國戲劇之父 The Emperor Jones, The

23、Hairy Ape Susan Glaspell: mother of American drama Trifles Tennessee Williams 田納西·威廉姆斯：P. 301 在美國戲劇史上地位僅次于Eugene ONeilThe Glass Menagerie 玻璃動物園The Streetcar Named Desire Arthur Miller 亞瑟·米勒：P. 305 Death of a Salesman 推銷員之死 Edward Albee愛德華·阿爾比：P. 313 Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 誰害怕弗

24、吉尼亞·伍爾夫 The Theater of the Absurd 荒誕派戲?。篜. 313Chapter 20 Postwar Poetry, Poets of the 1940s Generation Postmodernism 后現(xiàn)代主義：P. 320 Elizabeth Bishop畢曉普：P. 327 后現(xiàn)代主義時期傳統(tǒng)型女性詩人Chapter 21 The Confessional School, The Beat Generation The Confessional School 自白派詩歌: P. 356 Three representatives: Robert

25、Lowell & his Life Studies 人生探索P. 357 Sylvia Plath 西爾維婭·普拉斯 & her poem Daddy老爸，The Bell Jar 鐘形罩/瓶中美人（自傳體小說，美國青少年的必讀書）P. 364 Anne Sexton安妮·塞克斯頓 The Beat Generation 垮掉的一代：P. 373 Three representatives: Allen Ginsberg愛倫·金斯堡(垮掉一代的奠基者) & his Howl嚎叫 （垮掉一代的宣言書） P. 374 & P.P. 37

26、6-83. Jack Kerouac 杰克·凱魯阿克 & his On the Road在路上P. 374 William Burroughs 威廉·巴羅斯 & his Naked Lunch裸體午餐P. 374Chapter 22 The New York School, Meditative Poetry, The Black Mountain Poets New York School 紐約派（后現(xiàn)代主義時期的一個詩歌流派）: P. 393 Representative: Frank OHara 弗蘭克·歐哈拉& his Lunch

27、Poems 午餐詩P. 394 The Black Mountain Poets黑山派詩人 （此詩歌流派的名稱來源于北卡羅來納Asheville的黑山學院，流派內(nèi)的詩人多為該學院的教師）P. 408 Representative: Charles Olson查爾斯·奧爾遜 P. 409Chapter 23 Postwar American Novel (I)(傳統(tǒng)型小說) 美國猶太文學P.P. 429-48 Representatives：Saul Bellow索爾·貝婁 (1915 2005) PP. 429-36 1976 Nobel Prize winner (P.

28、430) Best work: Herzog赫索格 Norman Mailer諾爾曼·梅勒 （1923 2007）P.P. 436-41 Best work: The Naked and the Dead裸者與死者（反戰(zhàn)小說） J. D. Salinger J. D. 塞林格 （1919-1-1 2010-1-27）P.P. 441-44 Best work: The Catcher in the Rye 麥田里的守望者（美國青少年的必讀書） Bernard Malamud 伯納德·馬拉默德 P.P. 444-48 Best work: The Assistant店員/伙計

29、 Philip Roth 菲利普·羅斯 Best work: Goodbye, Columbus再見吧，哥倫布 John Updike (1932 2009) 約翰·厄普代克 P.P. 448-52 Best work: Rabbit pentalogy兔子五部曲 P. 448 南方文學：P. P. 454-63Representatives: Flannery OConnor 弗萊娜莉·奧康納 P.P. 454-58Best work: A Goodman Is Hard to Find好人難尋 William Styron 威廉·斯泰倫 （1925

30、2006）P.P. 458-62 Best work: Sophies Choice蘇菲的選擇 女性文學：Joyce Carol Oates 喬伊斯·卡洛爾·奧茨 P.P. 465-68 Best work: Them他們Chapter 24 Postwar American Novel (II)（新型小說） 荒誕派/黑色幽默小說 Black Humor/novels of the absurd P. 474 Representative: Joseph Heller 約瑟夫·海勒 P. P. 476-481 Best work: Catch-22 第二十二條軍規(guī)

31、 （Catch-22已成為詞典中的一個詞條，意為“不合情理的處境，叫人左右為難的情況，難以逾越的障礙”） Kurt Vonnegut 庫特·馮尼格特 （1922 2007）P. P. 481-487 Best work: Slaughterhouse-Five第五號屠場（自傳性作品） Ken Kesey 肯·凱西 （1935 2001） P.P. 487-491 Best work: One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest飛越杜鵑巢 前衛(wèi)小說 avant-garde novel Representative: Thomas Pynchon 托馬斯

32、83;品欽 P. P. 501-7 Best work: V, Gravitys Rainbow萬有引力之虹 Vladimir Nabokov 弗拉基米爾·納博科夫 P.P. 514 9 二十世紀公認的杰出小說家和文體家，出生于俄國，后入美國國籍。與英國籍的波蘭裔作家Joseph Conrad相媲美。兩位都用精美的英文書寫了對生活的觀察和感悟。 Best work: Lolita 洛麗塔（曾一度被視為禁書）Chapter 25 Multiethnic Literature (I) 少數(shù)族裔文學：African American Literature 美國黑人文學 美國黑人文學的發(fā)展軌

33、跡 P. P. 520 - 7 黑人文學的繁榮期：Harlem Renaissance 哈萊姆文學繁榮（blues音樂得到了彰顯） 最主要的代表人物：Langston Hughes蘭斯頓·休斯 P.P. 527 - 530 美國黑人文學的桂冠詩人 主要作品：The Negro Speaks of Rivers 黑人談河流 The Weary Blues傷心的布魯斯 黑人小說的發(fā)展：Richard Wright 理查德·萊特 （19081960）P.P. 530-2 代表作品：Native Son土生子 Ralph Ellison 拉爾夫·埃里森 （1913 1994）P.P. 532 -5 代表作品：Invis