1、初中日常生活類閱讀理解NO.1Chinaholdsacensus（人口普查）every10years.Thefirstonewasin1963,atthattime,therewereonlyabout600millionpeopleinChina.Butin2000,thenumberwas1.29billion.Whydoesourcountrycarryoutapopulationcensus?First,thecensuawillhelpdrawabigpicturethecountry.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld,anditissti

2、llgrowing.Thegovernmentcouldusetheinformationfromthecensustohelppeoplelivebetterlives.Forexample,ifthepopulationcensusshowsthattherearealotofkidsinyourarea,thegovernmentwillknowthattheyhavetobuildmoreschoolsthere.Second,fromthepopulationcensus,scientistscanlearnmoreaboutpopulationgrowth.Insomeyears,

3、thepopulationgrowsfasterthaninothers.Eveninthesameyear,populationgrowthisdifferentindifferentplaces.Scientistscanusetheinformationtolookforreasonsbehindthegrowth.Third,thecensuswillhelptofindthenumberofforeignerslivinginChina.ItcanalsofindouthowmanyChinesehavemovedtoothercountries.Mostcountriescarry

4、outacensus,butthewaysofdoingitaredifferent.IntheUS,censusworkersfirstmailoutaquestionnaire（調(diào)查問卷）toeveryhouse.Iftheydon'tgetitback,theycallthehousebyphone.InAustralia,peoplecanfillinaquestionnaireonline.1. Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“carryout"mean?A.傳達(dá)B.實(shí)施C.運(yùn)送2. HowoftendoesChinaholdacensua?

5、A.EverythreeyearsB.Everyfiveyears.C.Everytenyears.3. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A. Thepopulationcensusstartedin1949.B. Inthesameyear,populationgrowthisthesameindifferentplaces.C. In2000,China'spopulationwasover1billion.4. Withtheinformationfromthecensus,.a. thepopulationwillg

6、rowslowly.b. thegovernmentcanhelppeoplelivebetterlives.c. scientistscanlearnmoreaboutpopulationgrowth.d. we'llknowthenumberofChinesewhomovedabroad.e. moreandmoreforeignerswillcometoChina.A.a,bandc.B.b,candeC.b,candd5.IntheUS,censusworkersusuallyaskpeopletofillinaquestionnaire.A.ontheroadB.bymail

7、C.onlineNO.2ATriptotheSmithsonianMs.DeJohnstoodatthefrontoftheroom."Okay,veryone,"shegan,“youallknow,WdllvisittheSmithsonianInstitutiononMonday.Wearegoingtospendsometimethismorningdiscussingwhatyouwouldliketoseethere.”Tyraisedhishand."Howmanymuseumsarewegoingtosee?”heasked."That&

8、#39;sagoodquestion,Ty,"repliedMs.DeJhon."Wdregoingtochoosefourmuseums.Iliketohearsomeofyoursuggestions.WhatinterestsyoumostattheSmithsonian?"“CanwegototheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory?”askedEmma."I'dliketoseethedinosaurskeletons（恐龍骨骼）there.”“IwanttoseeAnitaandArabella,“saidC

9、alvin."They'蜘the）sAaCte（spmdlers（wantedtoknowifspiderscouldspinwebsinspace,sotwospidersweresentintospaceonSkylabII.Anita'sandArabella'sbodiesarehousedattheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.”Ms.DeJohnbegantolistthestudents'suggestionsontheboard.“IfwegototheNationalZoo,“saiDeepak,“weansee

10、pandasfromchina.Ithinkthatgettingtoseetheminpersonwouldbereallyamazing.”"I'dliketogototheMuseumoftheAfricanArt,"saidImani."MyparentsmovedfromKewhentheywerechildren,butI'veneverbeentheretovisit.MyfamilycollectsAfricanart,soIliketolearnmoreaboutit.”“IthinkweshouldgototheNational

11、MuseumofAmericanHistory."saidChris."TheyshowontheInformationAge.IthassomeoftheveryfirstcomputersandevenSamuelMorse'stelegraph（電報(bào)）machines.”Ilikethisidea,too.agreedEmma."Theyhavea'handsnhistoryr6omwhereyoucanactuallytrythingsfromhistory,likesendingatelegraph.”Ms.DeJohnsmiledatt

12、heclass."Howknowledgeableyouallare!Nowhavewodoistakeavote,andwe'llbeonourwaytotheSmithsonian!”1. HowmanymuseumsistheclassgoingtovisitonMonday?A.One.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.2. AnitaandArabellaare.A. teachersB.studentsC.spidersD.pandas3.WhichmuseumdoesImaniwanttovisit?A.TheNationalMuseumofAmerica

13、History.B. TheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory.C. TheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.D. TheMuseumofAfricanArt.4WhatcanstudentsdointheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory?A.Sendatelegraph.B.CollectAfricanart.C.Takephotosofpandas.D.Seethedinosaurskeletons.NO.3Comparedtokidswhoeatwiththeirfamiliesonceaweekornotatal

14、l,kidswhoalwayssitdowntoeatwiththeirfamiliesarelesslikelytobeoverweightandeatunhealthyfoods,accordingtoU.S.researchersattheUniversityofIllinois.Inthestudy,whichincluded182,836childrenaged2to17,researchersfoundkidswhoatewiththeirparentsatleastthreetimesaweekhad12%lowerchancesofbeingoverweight.Thechil

15、drenwerealso20%lesslikelytoeatjunkfood,35%lesslikelytohaveeatingproblemslikemissingmealsormakinga_pig_of_oneself,and24%morelikelytoeatvegetablesandotherhealthyfoods.AccordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,childhoodoverweighthasincreasedbymorethanthreetimesoverthepast30years.Theextrap

16、oundsmaydestroykids'selfesteem（自尊）andcancausehealthproblemssuchasheartdisease.“Wealsoknowthatfamiliesthatsitdowntogetherarelesslikelytoeathighcaloriefood,sothekidscancontroltheirweight,"saidJohnHammond,aprofessorattheUniversityofIllinois.“Therearalsonutritional（營(yíng)養(yǎng)的）benefitsfromthat,"sa

17、idhim.Regularfamilymealsmakeiteasytoensureeveryoneisgettingthenutrientstheyneed,whichisgoodforchildren'sgrowth.Forexample,theycookfishonceaweekandredmeatonceortwiceeverytwoweeksandhaveavegetableateverymeal.Asaresult,theresearchersencouragefamiliestospendmoretimetogetheraroundthedinnertable."

18、;Itdoesn'thavetobeeverydaysaidJohnHammond."Weknowthatfamiliesareverybusy.”1. Theunderlinedphrase“makingapigofoneself"inParagraph2means.A.eatingporkB.eatingredmeatC.eatingvegetablesD.eatingtoomuch2. Familymealscanmakekidslesslikelytobeoverweightbecause.A. familymealsarealldeliciousB. pa

19、rentscancontroltheirkids'foodwheneatingtogetherC. familymealsareeateninahappymoodD. kidscangetanyfoodtheylikeduringfamilymeals3. Whichofthefollowingistheresearchers'suggestion?A. Tohavedinnerswithkidsasoftenaspossible.B. Tohavedinnerswithkidseveryday.C. Tohavedinnerswithkidsonceaweek.D. Toha

20、vedinnerswithkidstwiceaweek.4. Thetextismainlywrittenfor.A.scientistsB.childrenC.parentsD.teachersNO.4PoorAlicewasveryunhappy."Whatawonderfulgarden!"shesaidtoherself."I'dliketobeoutthere-notinthisdarkroom.Whycan'tIgetsmaller?"Itwasalreadyaverystrangeday.andAlicewasbeginni

21、ngtothinkthatanythingwaspossible.Afterawhileshelockedthedooragain,gotupandwentbacktotheglasstable.Sheputthekeydownandshesawalittlebottleonthetable.RoundtheneckofthebottlewasapieceofpaperwiththewordsDRINKMEinlargeletters.ButAlicewasacarefulgirl."Itcanbedangeroustodrinkoutofstrangebottles,"s

22、hesaid."Whatwillitdotome?"Shedrankalittlebitveryslowly.Thetastewasverynice.likechocolateandorangesandhotsweetcoffee.andverysoonAlicefinishedthebottle."Whatastrangefeeling!"saidAlice."IthinkI'mgettingsmallerandsmallereverysecond."Andshewas.Afewminuteslatershewasonly2

23、5centimetershigh."Andnow,"shesaidhappily,"Icangetthroughthelittledoorintothatbeautifulgarden."Sheranatoncetothedoor.Whenshegotthere.sherememberedthatthelittlegoldkeywasbackontheglasstable.Sheranbacktothetableforit,butofcourse,shewasnowmuchtoosmall!Therewasthekey,highaboveher,onto

24、pofthetable.Shetriedveryhardtoclimbupthetableleg,butshecouldnotdoit.Atlast,tiredandunhappy,Alicesatdownonthefloorandcried.Butafterawhileshespoketoherselfangrily."Comenow,"shesaid,"Stopcryingatonce.What'stheuseofcrying?"Shewasastrangechild,andoftentalkedtoherselflikethis.Soons

25、hesawalittleglassboxnearheronthefloor.SheopeneditandfoundaverysmallcakewiththewordsEATMEonit.xkb1NothingcouldsurpriseAlicenow."Well,I'IIeatit,"shesaid."IfIgettaller,Icantakethekeyoffthetable.AndifIgetsmaller,Icangetunderthedoor.Onewayoranother.I'llgetintothegarden.Soitdoesn

26、9;tmatterwhathappens!"Shewentoneating,butnothinghappened.1. Whycouldn'tAlicegetintothebeautifulgarden?A. Shecouldn'tfindthekeytothedoor.B. Shewastoosmalltogetthekeytothedoor.C. Shedidn'tknowhowtogetthroughthedoor.D. Shewasnotallowedtogointothegarden.2. WhatmadeAlicebecomesmaller?A.S

27、omehotsweetcoffee.B.Apieceofchocolate.C.Somethinginalittlebottle.D.Someorangejuice.3. Theunderlinedsentence"Onewayoranother"probablymeans"".A.WhetherIgetsmallerortallerB.IcaneatitinthiswayoranotherC.IfIgettallerandtallerD.IfIgetsmallerandsmaller4. What'sthemainideaofthispassa

28、ge?A. Alicedranksomethingthatmadehersmaller.B. Alicewasexcitedtobecomesmall.C. Aliceateasmallcakeandbecamebigger.D. Alicemetwithsomestrangethings.NO.5Whenyouwanttogoshopping,decidehowmuchmoneyyoucanspendonnewclothes.Thinkaboutthekindofclothesyoureallyneed.Thenlookforthoseclothesyoureallyneed.Thenloo

29、kforthoseclothesonsale.Therearelabels（標(biāo)簽）insideallnewclothes.Thelabelstellyouhowtotakecareofyourclothes.Thelabelforashirtmaytellyoutowashitinwarmwater.Asweaterlabelmaytellyoutowashincoldwater.Thelabelonacoatmaysay“dryclearfioonlyishincg'mayruinthiscoat.Ifyoudoasthedirections（說明）onthelabel,youcan

30、keepyourclotheslookingtheirbestforalongtime.Manyclothestodaymustbedrycleaned.Drycleaningisexpensive.Whenbuyingnewclothes,checktoseeiftheywillneedtobedrycleaned.Youwillsavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatcanbewashed.Youcansavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatarewellmade.Well-madeclotheslastlonger.Theylookgoodevenafte

31、rtheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Clothesthatcostmoremoneyarenotnecessarily（不定）bettermade.Theydonotalwaysfitbetter.Sometimeslessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.1. Ifyouwanttosavemoney,youhadbetterbuyclothesthat.A.don'tfityouB.don'tlastlongC.needtobedrycleanedD.canbewashed

32、2. Thelabelsinsidetheclothestellyou.A.howtokeepthemlookingtheirbestB.howtosavemoneyC.whethertheyfityouornotD.wheretogetthemdrycleaned3. ThefirstthingforyoutodobeforeyoubuyclothesisA. tolookforwell-madeclothesB. toseehowmuchmoneyyoucanspendonitC. toknowhowtowashthemD. toreadthelabelsinsidethem4. Wele

33、arnfromthepassagethatcheaperclothes.A.arealwaysworsemadeB.mustbedrycleanedC.cannotbewashedD.cansometimesfityoubetter5. Thebesttitleforthepassageshouldbe.A.BuyLessExpensiveClothesB. TakingEnoughMoneyWhenShoppingC. BeingaCleverClothesShopperD. ChoosingtheLabelsinsideNewClothesNO.6Lifeexpectancy（預(yù)期壽命）i

34、srisinginmuchoftheworld.Butdoctorsareseeinganothertrendthatisdisturbing.Somepeoplearechoosinglifestylesthatcontributetoearlydeath.AnewUSstudylooksatfourlifestylechoicesthatpreventpeoplefromstayinghealthyandlivinglonger.Itusedtoberareforpeopletoliveto100.ButbabiesbornintheUStodaycanhopetolivethatlong

35、.Inthetwentiethcentury,lifeexpectancyinwealthynationsincreasedbyasmuchas30years.AveragelifeexpectancyforAmericansis78.Butdoctorsareseeingpeopleadoptbadhabitsthatcancuttheirlivesshort,suchaseatingtoomuchoreatingtoomuchjunkfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcigarettes.Thesehabitsincreasetheriskforcance

36、r,diabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityandtheUniversityofWashingtonwantedtofindouthowmanyyearsarelostwiththeselifestylechoices."Whatwefoundwasthathighbloodpressure,smokingandoverweightaccountforfiveyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinmenandaboutfouryearsinwomenatthenationalleve

37、l,"GoodarzDaneai,oneoftheprincipalresearcherssaid.Theresearchersbrokedownthedataintorace,incomeandlocation.andtheyfoundevengreaterdifferences.Middle-incomewhiteshavethebestbloodpressure.ButAsian-Americanshavefewestbadhabitsandthebesthealth."They'renotgettingheartdiseasebecauseoflowbloo

38、dpressure,theyarenotgettingcancerbecausetheyhavelowriskfactorsforcancer,includingsmoking,"Danaeisaid.Theresearcherssaypublichealthofficialscouldusethestudytoplanprogramsthatwillhelppeoplemakebetterlifestylechoices.1.Somepeople'searlydeathistheresultoftheir.A.lifeexpectancyB.genesC.lifestyle

39、sD.hobbies2.BabiesbornnowadaysintheUScanbeexpectedtoB.livelessthan100A.liveto100C.live30yearslongerD.liveto783.Highbloodpressure,smokingandoverweightcanleadto.A. fouryearsoflossofexpectancyinmenandfiveyearsinwomenB. fiveyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinmenwhileaboutfouryearsinwomenC. fiveyearsoflossofli

40、feexpectancyinbothmenandwomenD. Nineyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinbothmenandwomen4.ComparedwithAsian-Americans,middle-incomewhiteshave.A.fewerbadhabitsB.betterhealthC.betterbloodpressureD.lowerriskofcancerNO.7"What'sthenameofourneighbor?Ican'trememberrightnow."Haveyoueverheardyourgr

41、andparentsaskquestionslikethissometimes?Usually,wethinkthatolderpeople'smemorybecomesbadbecausetheirbrainsgetweak.ButnowateamofscientistsattheUniversityofTubingeninGermanyhasanewidea."Thehumanbrainworksslowerinoldage,"saysMichaelRamscar,theleadscientist."Butonlybecausetheyhavestor

42、edmoreinformationovertime."Thefindingsarebasedonaseriesofcomputersimulations（模擬）oflearningandmemory.Scientistsletthecomputersreadacertainamountofwordsandlearnnewthingseachday.Whenthecomputer"reads"onlysomuch,itsperformanceoncognitive（認(rèn)知）testsissimilarofayoungadult.Butifthecomputerlear

43、nstheexperienceswemightencounteroveralifetime,itsperformanceissimilartothatofanolderadult.Oftenitisslower,butnotbecauseitsprocessingcapacityhasdeclined.Rather,increased"experience"hascausedthecomputer'sdatabasetogrow,givingitmoredata（數(shù)據(jù)）toprocess-whichtakestime.Thisissimilartooldpeople

44、.Imagineapersonknowstwopeople'sbirthdays.Anotherpersonknowsthebirthdaysof2000people,butcanonlymatchtherightpersontotherightbirthdayninetimesoutof10.Canyousaythefirstpersonhasabettermemorythanthesecondperson?1. Thewriterusesaquestionatthebeginningofthepassageto.A. invitethereaderstoanswerthequest

45、ionB. attractthereaders'attentiontothetopicC. showhowweakolderpeople'sbrainsareD. tellthereadersthelatestfindingsaboutbrains2. Accordingtotheresearch,whydooldpeopleforgetpeople'snameseasily?A. Becausetheyhaveaverypoormemory.B. Becausetheyaretoooldtorememberthings.C. Becausetheirbrainsbec

46、omeweakerthanbefore.D. Becausetheyhavestoredtoomuchinformation.3. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. Dooldpeoplehaveabadmemory?B. Scientists'newfindingsonbrainsC. Humanbrain'sprocessingcapacityD. Whichisbetter,theoldortheyoung?NO.8Eachyear,thousandsofChinesemiddleschoolstudentsgotostudy

47、inforeigncountries.Recentresearchshowsamong428middleschoolstudentsinShanghai,nearlyhalfofthemwouldliketostudyabroad（國(guó)外）."Chinesechildrenareeagertogoabroadtogetawiderview,lessacademic（學(xué)業(yè)）competitionorevenfamilyhonour,saidChenYi,aChinesewriterwhohaslivedintheUSAfor16years.lifeinfo'rBigncountr

48、iescanbehardforyoungpeople.”“Wdiavetofacethecultureshock（差異）andlanguageproblems,saidHongGuang,aChinesestudentinLondon.However,thesearenotalwaysthemostdifficultthingstoovercome.Tomostchildren,controllingthemselveswhenstudyingaloneinaforeigncountryisabigchallenge.ZhangJia,a16-year-oldstudentfromShangh

49、ai,enteredhighschoolinMelbourne,AustralialastOctober.Tohissurprise,histeachersthereseldompushedstudentstostudy.Andusuallytherewasn'muchhomework.Someofhisfriendsspenttheirwholeyear'moneyinthefirsttwomonthsofthenewterm.“Studyingabroadatayoungagecanhelpstudentslearnforeignlanguagesquicklyandbro

50、adentheirminds,butstudentsandparentsshouldknowaboutthechallenges,"Chensaid.1Whatdoestheresearchtellus?A. HalfofthestudentsinChinawouldliketostudyabroad.B. HalfofthestudentsinShanghaiwouldliketostudyabroad.C. AlmosthalfofthestudentsinShanghaiwouldliketostudyabroad.D. Lessthan50percentofthestuden

51、tsinChinawouldliketostudyabroad.2WhatdoChinesestudentsexpecttostudyabroadExceptfor?A. Tobroadentheirmind.B.Togetabetterjob.C.Togetlessacademiccompetition.D.Togetthefamilyhonor.3Ifstudentswanttostudyaloneinaforeigncountry,whatisthemostdifficultthingtothem?A.Money.B.Cultureshock.C.Language.D.Tocontrol

52、themselveswell.4WhydostudentsinAustraliahavemorefreetimethaninChina?A.Becauseteachersneverpushedthemtostudy.B. Becausestudentsdon'thavemuchhomework.C. Becauseallthesubjectstheylearnaretooeasytothem.D. Becauseschoolsgivethemalotofplay-time.5What'sthearticlemainlyabout?A.HowtostudyEnglishwell.

53、B.Whetheritisgoodtostudyabroad.C.Problemsofstudyingabroad.D.Areachreport.NO.nineSomepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents,however,itisnottrue.Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit'hardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents,don'tworryaboutit.Herearesomeadvic

54、eforyoutobridgethegenerationgap（消除代溝）.Don'argue（爭(zhēng)辯）withyourparents.Don'tgettoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon'tagreewithyourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan't（yourselfwellifyouareangry.Gosomeplacetocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhat

55、youwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon'tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter.Trytoreachacompromise（和解）.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.Michael'smotherdidn'tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit

56、.Buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.Ofcourse,yourparentsmightrefusetocompromiseonsomething.Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespect（尊敬）tothem.Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.Talkaboutyourvalues（價(jià)值觀）.Thevaluesofyour

57、parentsareprobablydifferentfromthoseofyourown.Tellyourparentswhatyoucareaboutandwhy.Understandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakeyouabetterandhappierperson.Itisworthhavingatry.1Thepassagetellsushaveacommunicationproblem.A.parentsandotherpeopleB.sch

58、oolkidsandtheirparentsC.teachersandtheirstudentsD.parentsandchildrenofallages2Yourparentsprobablywon'tagreewithyouideasifyou.A.arequietB.writelettertothemC.arenotpoliteenoughD.expressyourselfwell3Theunderlinedphrasecooloff"inthepassagemeans"”.A.togetyouquietandrelaxedB.tohaveagoodrestC

59、.tomakeyourselfhappyD.tohideyourselfquickly4Ifthere'sreallyagenerationgapbetweenyouandyourparents,you'dbetter.A.agreewiththemallthetimesB.keepawayfromthemC.haveatalkwiththemoftenD.knowabouttheirvalues5Howdowemakeagoodrelationshipwithparentsaccordingtothewriter?A.Totalkaboutourvalues.B.Toalwaysshowloveandrespecttothem.C.Toarguewiththemoverandover.D.Tokeepsilentforsometime.NO.10Generalspeaking,Americanfoodisratherbland（清淡的）andspiced.Saladsaremuchlikedandareservedallthey