1、實驗三-利用蜂鳴器演奏音樂一、實驗?zāi)康? .了解BlueSkyC51單片機實驗板中蜂鳴器的硬件電路2 .學(xué)會利用蜂鳴器實現(xiàn)音樂的演奏3 .掌握蜂鳴器實現(xiàn)音樂演奏的編程二、實驗硬件設(shè)計及電路1 .BlueSkyC51單片機實驗板國“再kyC51開發(fā)板是一款迷你型的開發(fā)板，其外覘尺只仃生5cm*7cm如圖1J.U板我枳塊如圖LIZ圖J.1,LBlucSkyt51外ffl2 .單片機最小系統(tǒng)BlueSky151開發(fā)板選擇的是SIC12（5A60s2作為MC5它內(nèi)部集成MAXX10專用星位電路.2路PWM,N路高速10位A/D轉(zhuǎn)秧（25萬次，秒），兒乎包含了數(shù)據(jù)果集和控制中所需的所有單元模塊，閑此我們

2、選擇它作為開發(fā)板的MCU,MCU部分原理圖如圖1211.圖1.2,1.1單片機最小系統(tǒng)原理圖3 .蜂鳴器電路連接BlueSkyCo1開發(fā)板上帶胃I個蜂鳴器.它通過跳線帽與MCU的PL4連接:要使用該模塊只需要將跳線帽接上即可.該荒分電路原理圖如圖L2sL圖1.251蜂鳴器驚理用三極管主要是做驅(qū)動用的。因為單片機的IO口驅(qū)動能力不夠讓蜂鳴器發(fā)出聲音，所以我們通過三極管放大驅(qū)動電流，從而可以讓蜂鳴器發(fā)出聲音，你要是輸出高電平，三極管導(dǎo)通，集電極電流通過蜂鳴器讓蜂鳴器發(fā)出聲音，當(dāng)輸出低電平時，三極管截止，沒有電流流過蜂鳴器，所以就不會發(fā)出聲音。三、實驗原理1 .音調(diào)及節(jié)拍用一個口，輸出方波，這個方波

3、輸入進蜂鳴器就會產(chǎn)生聲音，通過控制方波的頻率、時間，就能產(chǎn)生簡單的音樂。一般說來，單片機演奏音樂基本都是單音頻率，因此單片機奏樂只需控制音調(diào)和節(jié)拍。(1)音調(diào)的確定音調(diào)是由頻率來確定的。通過單片機的定時器定時中斷，將單片機上對應(yīng)蜂鳴器的I/O口來回取反，從而讓蜂鳴器發(fā)出不同頻率的聲音。只需將定時器給以不同的定時值就可實現(xiàn)。通過延時，即可發(fā)出所需要的頻率。(2)節(jié)拍的確定一拍的時長大約為400500ms,每個音符的時長通過節(jié)拍來計算。詳細見程序代碼。2 .軟件設(shè)計相關(guān)(1)頭文件#include#defineuintunsignedint#defineucharunsignedchar#defi

4、neulongunsignedlongsbitbeep=P1A4;/蜂鳴器與P1.4口連接(2)歌曲曲譜ucharcodediaodata30=/音調(diào)代碼0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x10,0x0e,0x10,0x0c,0x10,0x15,0x13,0x10,0x13,0x15,0x15,0x13,0x15,0x13,0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x0e,0x0e,0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x0e,0x00;ucharcodejiedata30=/音長代碼0x04,0x04,0x08,0x06,0x02,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04

5、,0x02,0x06,0x08,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x08,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x0c,0x00;音階表ucharcodefreq36*2=/音階碼表0xf7,0xd8,/440hz,1/00xf8,0x50,/466hz,1#/10xf8,0xbc,/494hz,2/20xf9,0x26,/524hz,2#/30xf9,0x85,/554hz,3/40xf9,0xe5,/588hz,4/50xfa,0x3d,/622hz,4#/60xfa,0x92,/660hz,5/70xfa,0xdd,

6、/698hz,5#/80xfb,0x29,/740hz,6/90xfb,0x70,/784hz,6#/100xfb,0xb0,/830hz,7/110xfb,0xef,/880hz,1/120xfc,0x29,/932hz,1#/130xfc,0x62,/988hz,2/140xfc,0x95,/1046hz,2#/150xfc,0xc7,/1108hz,3/160xfc,0xf5,/1174hz,4/170xfd,0x20,/1244hz,4#/180xfd,0x4c,/1318hz,5/190xfd,0x72,/1396hz,5#/200xfd,0x97,/1480hz,6/210xfd,

7、0xbb,/1568hz,6#/220xfd,0xdc,/1662hz,7/230xfd,0xfb,/1769hz,1/240xfe,0x18,/1864hz,1#/250xfe,0x34,/1976hz,2/260xfe,0x4e,/2092hz,2#/270xfe,0x67,/2218hz,3/280xfe,0x7d,/2350hz,4/290xfe,0x94,/2488hz,4#/300xfe,0xa8,/2639hz,5/310xfe,0xbc,/2794hz,5#/320xfe,0xcf,/2960hz,6/330xfe,0xe0,/3136hz,6#/340xfe,0xf1,/33

8、22hz,7/35）；（4）音符發(fā)生程序（中斷服務(wù)程序）voidtimer0（）interrupt1/用于產(chǎn)生音符的T0中斷服務(wù)程序（TH0=th0_f;TL0=tl0_f;beep=beep;/取反beep引腳，發(fā)聲）三、實驗過程及問題1 .Keil開發(fā)過程新建“Project”，選擇單片機為“AT89C52(2)新建c文件“music.c”,并添加到工程中(3)設(shè)置生成“HEX文件，編譯(4)將生成的“HEX文件燒錄到單片機，檢驗不斷修改完善2 .編譯實驗相關(guān)問題(1)實際發(fā)音顫音重解決方法為修改蜂鳴器的驅(qū)動頻率.(2)實際節(jié)奏過快或者過慢調(diào)整延時四、C51程序代碼(部分來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò))#in

9、clude#defineuintunsignedint#defineucharunsignedchar#defineulongunsignedlongsbitbeep=P1A4;/蜂鳴器與P1.4口連接ucharth0_f;/中斷裝載TO高8位uchartlO_f;/TO低8位ucharcodefreq36*2=/音階碼表0xf7,0xd8,/440hz,1/00xf8,0x50,/466hz,1#/10xf8,0xbc,/494hz,2/20xf9,0x26,/524hz,2#/30xf9,0x85,/554hz,3/40xf9,0xe5,/588hz,4/50xfa,0x3d,/622hz

10、,4#/60xfa,0x92,/660hz,5/70xfa,0xdd,/698hz,5#/80xfb,0x29,/740hz,6/90xfb,0x70,/784hz,6#/100xfb,0xb0,/830hz,7/110xfb,0xef,/880hz,1/120xfc,0x29,/932hz,1#/130xfc,0x62,/988hz,2/140xfc,0x95,/1046hz,2#/150xfc,0xc7,/1108hz,3/160xfc,0xf5,/1174hz,4/170xfd,0x20,/1244hz,4#/180xfd,0x4c,/1318hz,5/190xfd,0x72,/1396

11、hz,5#/200xfd,0x97,/1480hz,6/210xfd,0xbb,/1568hz,6#/220xfd,0xdc,/1662hz,7/230xfd,0xfb,/1769hz,1/240xfe,0x18,/1864hz,1#/250xfe,0x34,/1976hz,2/260xfe,0x4e,/2092hz,2#/270xfe,0x67,/2218hz,3/280xfe,0x7d,/2350hz,4/290xfe,0x94,/2488hz,4#/300xfe,0xa8,/2639hz,5/310xfe,0xbc,/2794hz,5#/320xfe,0xcf,/2960hz,6/330

12、xfe,0xe0,/3136hz,6#/340xfe,0xf1,/3322hz,7/35)；ucharcodediaodata30=/音調(diào)代碼0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x10,0x0e,0x10,0x0c,0x10,0x15,0x13,0x10,0x13,0x15,0x15,0x13,0x15,0x13,0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x0e,0x0e,0x10,0x0e,0x0c,0x0e,0x00;ucharcodejiedata30=/音長代碼0x04,0x04,0x08,0x06,0x02,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x02,0x06,0x08,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x08,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x0c,0x00;voidtimer0()interrupt1/用于產(chǎn)生音符的T0中斷服務(wù)程序TH0=th0_f;TL0=tl0_f;beep=beep;/取反beep引腳，發(fā)聲voidmain(void)uchari,j,k=0;uintn;TMOD=0X01;/T0方式1TR0=0;/關(guān)閉