1、 .第一組1. After spending a few minutes a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control.(2011/11-78 翻譯）在一條擁擠的城市街道上待幾分鐘，大腦的記憶力就會下降，而且自制力也會減弱。分詞的獨立主格形式，主動關系用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以是spending；并非特指某條街道，所以用不定冠詞a；與suffer搭配的介詞from。2. I don't think a warm winter

2、 always has a negative influence on our life, dose it?(2010/11-46挑錯）我認為暖冬并不對我們的生活總是負面影響，不是嗎？think，believe和purpose等詞的賓語從句，其反義疑問句與從句的主謂一致；對有影響，have influence on sth；主句否定意義要轉移到從句中。3. Waiting in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the wallet in the car. （2010/11-49

3、 挑錯）排了半小時的隊，這位老人忽然意識到他的錢包落在車上了。分詞的獨立主格形式，主動關系用現(xiàn)在分詞Waiting；動詞過去式realized之前的動作，用過去完成時had left。4. Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from what of the past.(2010/11-51挑錯)現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)院裝備有現(xiàn)代化設備,和從前的大不相同.非謂語動詞的獨立主格形式,被動關系用過去分詞equipped;what引導的名詞性從句.5. What is known to us all i

4、s that the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.(2010/5-21詞匯語法)眾所周知的是，2012年奧運會將在倫敦舉辦。主語從句What is known to us all ,注意和as is known to us all的區(qū)別；that 引導的表語從句；將來時的被動語態(tài) will be done。6. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years ,while being spoken by very few ,is hard to e

5、xplain .(2010/5-51挑錯）這種被少數(shù)人使用的語言是如何和為何延續(xù)了一千多年是難以解釋的。主謂一致，從句作主語用第三人稱單數(shù)，所以用is；被說的語言，要用被動形式，做插入成分，所以用being spoken。7. It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children .(2009/11-24)據(jù)報道警察將很快調(diào)查那起兩個失蹤孩子的案件。It is reported that 句型；短語 look into“調(diào)查”；現(xiàn)在分詞missing作形容詞。8. One

6、of the best ways for people to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits .(2009/11-25詞匯語法）對人們來說保持健康的最好的辦法之一就是養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習慣。主謂一致one of后謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；短語keep fit 保持健康、保持體形；養(yǎng)成習慣develop a habit，另外注意形容詞的辨析：healthy是“健康的”，而healthful是“有益健康的”。9. Over the past decades ,sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic as

7、 a result of global warming .(2009/11-27詞匯語法)在過去的數(shù)十年間，北極的冰川由于全球變暖而逐漸減少。現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的應用；短語as a result of 由于，強調(diào)直接導致的結果。10. Most important ,never ,under any circumstances ,agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online,no matter how well you think you know this person .(2010/5-74/75 完形填空）最重要的，永遠不

8、要和網(wǎng)上遇到的人真正見面，無論你認為對這個人多么了解。under any circumstances 在任何情況下，under no circumstances 決不；省略連接詞的定語從句 you meet online ;no matter how 無論多么第二組1. Lewis had to travel by bus as his car had been damaged in an accident some days before and he failed to get it repaired.(2005/4-49挑錯）Lewis必須坐公交車旅行，因為他的車在幾天前的事故中受到損壞

9、還沒有修好。had been damaged過去完成時的被動形式；get it repaired 過去分詞做賓語補語，即get sth.done 格式；進一步熟悉have to和fail to的形式。2. Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard.(2007/11-76翻譯)許多熱愛他們的事業(yè)并很有成就的人覺得他們努力工作時是最幸福的。who引導的定語從句；that 引導的賓語從句；when引導的狀語從句。3. His few persona

10、l belongings made it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.(2002/6-41詞匯語法）他極少量的個人財物使他有可能容易地到處遷移。few表示很少的、幾乎沒有，a few 是表示少量；形式賓語it 指代to move from place with ease;短語with ease“容易”，注意與at ease “自在”的區(qū)別。4. The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indica

11、tes the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.(2006/4-79翻譯）你正在談話的人看你的眼睛的時間長度意味著他對你正在談論的事情的興趣程度。這是考生掌握從句結構、提高快速破譯長難句能力的一個超級句子：whom you are speaking to 是the person 的定語從句，有代詞who 賓語形式whom 引導，因為它指的是你正在談話的人；that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes 是time 的定語從句；you

12、 are talking about 是things的定語從句；所以這個句子的主干是The length of time indicates the amount of interest.5. We consider it necessary that the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.(2004/11-25詞匯語法）我們認為每次使用儀器時進行調(diào)試是必要的。掌握it 作形式賓語的賓語從句結構；虛擬語氣的被動形式（should）be adjusted.6. It has become harder and harder for a t

13、eenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way.(2009/4-76翻譯）對青少年來說，要抵制潮流走自己的路變得越來越難了。典型的it句式：It be for sb to do sth;短語stand up against 同stand up to “反對、抵制、勇敢地面對”，反義短語stand up for “支持”。7. By the 2050,experts believe that the problems to explore the food,minerals and ener

14、gy resources of the sea will have been largely solved.(2007/4-79翻譯）專家們認為開放海洋食品、礦物和能源問題到2050年將基本解決。時間狀語在漢語中的位置，如果譯成“到2050年專家們認為”，顯然語義就發(fā)生變化；將來完成時的被動形式will have been done.8. How many more decades will have pass before scientists in providing a cure for cancer ?(2009/4-40詞匯語法）還要多少年科學家們才能成功發(fā)明治療癌癥的辦法？體會時間

15、狀語從句的引導詞before的用法；固定搭配succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。9. Did anyone inform you of the change of the schedule that had been made yesterday?(2007/4-50挑錯）有人通知你昨天的日程表的變化嗎？動詞inform與介詞of的搭配：inform sb of sth.通知某人某事；過去完成時的被動形式had been done.10. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that i

16、t is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.(2009/4-79翻譯）只有在以嚴格的飲食為生的時候補充流失的維生素才是必要的。熟悉強調(diào)句It is that格式；掌握try to do sth“試著做某事”和live on “以為主食、以為生"這兩個短語；體會it作形式主語的句子格式。第三組1. If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way ,they may become uncomfortable a

17、nd not know what to say in reply.(2006/11-77翻譯）如果人們用特別禮貌的方式表揚或感謝他們，他們會變得不自在而且不知道如何回答。以某種方式介詞用in；and前后格式一致，become和know都是跟may搭配，所以后者否定形式直接用not know；what引導的名詞性從句作賓語。2. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors .(2006/11-80翻譯)直到二十世紀女性用傘才

18、開始被制造成五顏六色。強調(diào)句式It be that；注意begin to be done 的被動形式；掌握variety“多種多樣”這個在英語中非常重要也是在三級考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞匯，動詞vary，形容詞various，都是高頻詞匯。3. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.(2009/4-79翻譯）只是當人們嘗試以嚴格限制的飲食為生時，才有必要補充流失的

19、維生素。強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)部分when people try to live on a very restricted diet;it作形式主語句型it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.4. I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.既然Tom沒有任何經(jīng)驗，我認為任命他做這項工作是不明智的。advise后接虛擬語氣，用原形，被動形式（should）be d

20、one；it作形式賓語的格式。5. He is a true friend of mine,whom I can always depend on whenever I get into trouble.他是我的一個真正的朋友，無論什么時候我遇到麻煩都可以依賴他。了解非限定性定語從句引導詞whom的用法；depend on 固定搭配。6. Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away,disappearing in to the woods.突然，一個駕著一輛金色馬車的高個男人抓住

21、了那個女孩并把她帶走了，消失在森林中。現(xiàn)在分詞driving引導的分詞定語；現(xiàn)在分詞disappearing表示伴隨動作；and 前后一致，一般過去式都使用的動詞過去式。7. Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction.許多對計算機不友好的感覺源于對引進計算機而導致的失業(yè)率蔓延的恐懼。不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；resulting分詞作原因狀語。8. Many you

22、ng people find it harder to appreciate classical music than pop music.許多年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)欣賞古典音樂比流行音樂更困難。形式賓語it句式；單詞classical古典的。9. Once given a set of instructions,a computer can gather a wide range of information for different purposes.一旦給出一系列指令，一臺計算機就能為不同的目的收集廣泛的信息。非謂語動詞的獨立主格形式，計算機是得到指令，被動關系用過去分詞given；短語a set

23、 of 一系列，單詞range范圍，排列。10.No matter how busy you are,you should spend some time visiting your parents .無論多忙，你都應該抽時間看看父母。掌握No matter how busy you are 形式；花時間做某事spend time (in) doing sth.第四組1. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees,it is difficult for it to persua

24、de villagers to see this.即使一個政府認識到大量種樹的重要性，它也很難勸說村民們認識到這一點。Even though 引導讓步狀語從句；it 作形式主語的句式it is a. for sb. to do sth.對某人來說做某事怎么樣；see在這里是理解、明白。2. Only by practice will you be able to improve your spoken English and gradually speak fluently.只有通過練習你才能提高你的英語口語水平并逐步說得流利。only 位于句首要倒裝；spoken English 英語口語，

25、固定搭配。3. We are full of deep thoughts and strong emotions,yet our vocabularies are not enough for this expression,and many make little effort to expand that.我們充滿了深刻的思想和強烈的情感，但我們的詞匯量不足以表達，而且許多人幾乎沒有努力來擴展它。makeeffort作出什么樣的努力，make an effort作出努力；little 單獨使用表示幾乎沒有。4. In no case should we prevent the studen

26、ts from exploring new ideas.在任何情況下我們都不應該阻止學生們探索新思想。in no case 決不，位于句首時句子倒裝；prevent（stop) sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。5. Even though Westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are,this does not mean that they are not interested to know how old other people are.盡管西方人通常不會直接問人們的年齡，但這并不意味著

27、他們對此不感興趣。Even though 引導的讓步狀語從句；that引導的賓語從句，兩個how引導的賓語從句。6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,which,of course,made the others jealous.Helen對她最小的孩子比她對其他孩子更好，這自然使其他孩子妒忌。指代前面整個一句話，用which，引導非限定性定語從句；比較前后的比較物要一致，所以than后用了she was to the others而不是按照漢語習慣用the others。7.Havi

28、ng no money but not wanting anyone to know,he simply said he would go without dinner.沒有錢但不想讓人知道，他就只是說他不吃晚飯要出去了。分詞獨立主格形式，表原因，否定形式是分詞前加not。8. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children's language development.父母如何和孩子談話對孩子語言的發(fā)展有很大的差異。How parents talk to their children

29、名詞性從句做主語；從句或短語作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。9. It's vital that enough money be collected to get the project started.籌集足夠的錢對啟動這個項目至關重要。vital至關重要的，后接從句虛擬語氣；get the project started過去分詞做賓語補語get sth. done.10. It being pretty late,we decided to leave at once,as we didn't want to risk missing the bus.已經(jīng)很晚了，我們決定立

30、即出發(fā)，因為我們不想錯過公交車。非謂語動詞作原因狀語；risk冒的風險，后接動名詞。第五組1. Thinking that you know what in fact you don't is not a good idea.認為你懂得了實際你不懂的事情不是好想法。what in fact you don't 中的in fact 是插入語，what you don't 實際上省略了一個know，“實際上你不知道的東西”，這個名詞性從句作它前面的know的賓語；you know what in fact you don't 又是Thinking的賓語從句；Thin

31、king that you know what in fact you don't作句子的主語。2. The main purpose of this greeting is to build up a good relationship between the people concerned,and each language usually has a number of set phrases which can be used for this purpose.打招呼的主要目的是增進相關人們之間的友好關系，而每一種語言通常都有用于這種目的的一系列短語。which引導的定語從句

32、；concerned，形容詞，有關的，concerning，連詞，關于。3. Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeed in landing on the moon?就是在1969年美國宇航員成功登上了月球嗎？強調(diào)句型的疑問句式；succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。4. We get so used to looking at the movements on it,so dependent on its pictures,that it begins to control our lives.我們?nèi)绱肆晳T于觀看它（

33、電視）其中的活動，如此依賴于它的畫面，以至于它開始控制我們的生活。be/get/become used to doing sth.現(xiàn)在習慣做某事；so that 格式的結果狀語從句。5. Our school levers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living.我們這些離校生面對如此激烈的競爭以至于他們只要能夠謀生就幾乎不考慮做什么。what引導的賓語從句；as long as 引導的條件狀語從句；so that 格式的結果狀語從句。6. How

34、ever,those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk.然而，那些習慣較長的問候的人可能需要一點時間來適應美國人的簡潔交談。who引導的定語從句，those who是非常常見的形式；before引導的時間狀語從句；be accustomed to 習慣于、適應于。7. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it

35、 difficult to leed a healthy life.在被動吸煙不能避免的環(huán)境中，過上健康生活很困難。關系副詞where引導的定語從句where passive smoking is unavoidable ;it作形式賓語的句型。8. Only much later did she discover that the question had no real meaning at all-it was merely a greeting.直到很久以后她才明白這種問題沒有任何真正含義-它只是一種問候。only位于句首句子要倒裝；that引導的賓語從句；no/not at all一

36、點也不。9. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal.有時候買份快餐比做一頓飯更方便。it作形式主語的句型，真正主語是to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal;rather than勝于，前后所比較的事物形式一致；短語at times 有時。10. Suddenly she saw an old woman by the side of the road,holding her hand out as

37、if she wanted a lift.突然她看到一個老年婦女站在路邊，舉著手似乎要搭便車。Holding現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨；在路邊用介詞by。第六組1. There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them up from dreams and hug them for real.生活中有些時候你非常想念某人以至于就想在夢中接上并實實在在地擁抱他們。when引導的定語從句；sothat格式的目的狀語從句；短語pick up 撿起、接（人）。2. While shopping

38、,people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need.在購物時人們時常忍不住被勸說買一些他們實際上并不需要的東西。can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事，本句是被動語態(tài)；they don't really need 作something的定語從句。3. The idea occurred to him in his dream and he decided to carry it out.他在夢中想到一個主意然后決定實施這

39、個想法。occur to指“突然想到”，strike也有這個意思，不過strike是及物動詞，后直接接賓語；carry out “實現(xiàn)、貫徹、執(zhí)行”，注意介詞和代詞的位置。4. He would have paid twice as much for the house if the salesgirl had insisted because he really wanted it.如果售樓小姐堅持的話他就會為那所房子付兩倍的款，因為他確實想要它。對過去情況的虛擬，從句省略if將had前置；倍數(shù)表達法：倍數(shù)加as much/many as .5. He changed his name,th

40、inking that nobody would find out what he had done before.他改了名字，考慮到（這樣）沒有人能發(fā)現(xiàn)他以前的所作所為。thinking現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨；what引導的名詞性從句做find out的賓語，注意從句時態(tài)是過去完成時；find out找出、查明。6. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment.不吸煙的員工不應當冒

41、被動吸煙的風險，他們需要能在一個安全的環(huán)境里工作。定語從句who do not smoke ；be subjected to遭受。7. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill,which can help people forget bad memories.現(xiàn)在美國研究者認為他們很快就發(fā)明出一種藥丸，能夠幫助人們忘記不愉快的記憶。be close to doing sth.接近于；which引導的非限定性定語從句。8. The fact came up that specific speech so

42、unds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.事實表明六個月大的嬰兒就能辨認出特定的聲音。that引導的同位語從句；短語come up（被）提出，開始；單詞recognize辨認出、認同。9. These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them.這些野花是如此特別以至于我愿做任何我能做的事情來挽救他們。sothat格式的結果狀語從句；whatever引導的名詞性從句作do的賓語。10. Email as well as mobi

43、le telephones is becoming more and more popular in daily communication.電子郵件和移動電話一樣正在日常交流中越來越普及。主謂一致，單數(shù)主語后有as well as連接其他事物，謂語動詞仍用第三人稱單數(shù)。第七組1. It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which neither of the parents spoke the language.對父母都不能說英語的家庭的人來說學英語是很難的。it作形式主語的句型；in which引導的非限定性定語從句；nei

44、ther指兩者都不。2. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools.認為私立學校一定好于公立學校的觀點是毫無根據(jù)的。There be 句型；that引導同位語從句；短語be bound to注定、一定。3. Hearing the gunshot,all the birds flew in every direction.聽到槍聲，鳥兒們四散飛去。非謂語東西的獨立主格形式，主動關系用現(xiàn)在分詞hearing；朝著什么方向用介詞in。4. There a

45、re lots of words words which the Americans use differently in meaning from us British.美國人和我們英國人所使用的許多詞匯意義不同。再比如2004年11月第48題挑錯：Between you and I,we have had an eye on him for some time,and he might be a runaway.就是將I改為me。5. Where did the accident in which your friend was hurt take place?你朋友受傷的那次事故是在哪兒

46、發(fā)生的？in which引導的定語從句in which your friend was hurt;take place發(fā)生，一般過去時的疑問句用did，動詞還原為原形。6. Nearly three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered with water,and there would be even less land if the polar icecaps were melt.接近四分之三的地球表面被水覆蓋，如果極地冰川融化陸地就更少了。不可數(shù)名詞作主語，盡管是3/4，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)；極地冰川融化使用的是虛擬語氣及被動語態(tài)，

47、所以用were melt。7. Finding answers to these questions is something like a detective story.找這些問題的答案有時就像一個偵探故事。動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；answer和key后接介詞to。8. The course would have been offered this term,but it was cancelled because too few students had registered before registration closed.本學期將開設這門課，但由于注冊結束前報名的學生太少被

48、取消了。被動語態(tài)兩處would have been offered和was cancelled ；would have been offered是對過去情況的虛擬would have done的被動形式；too few students had registered的時態(tài)是過去完成時，因為是發(fā)生在closed之前的動作。9. In the early grades especially,experts say,youngsters should be encouraged to work in groups rather than individually so that teachers c

49、an spot children who may be having problems making friends.專家指出，應當鼓勵低年級特別是青少年分組而不是單獨學習，以使老師們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)交友有困難的孩子。so that 引導的目的狀語從句；who引導的定語從句；have problems （in）doing sth.做某事有困難。10. Even though Sedat had been studying English for three years before he came to the United States,it is still difficult for him t

50、o express himself.盡管Sedat去美國前已經(jīng)學了三年英語，但他還是表達有困難。過去完成時had been studying ；even though 引導的讓步狀語從句；before引導的時間狀語從句；it作形式主語句式。第八組1. Polite manners in China demand that a person stand up when anyone enters a room or when anyone hands him something.中國的禮節(jié)要求當他人進入房間或遞過來東西時，一個人應該站起來。demand后接賓語從句，用虛擬語氣（should）加動

51、詞原形；anyone后的謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，注意or前后形式是一致的。2. Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world;that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless.孩子們沒有足夠的經(jīng)驗認識到，電視節(jié)目呈現(xiàn)的并非真實世界，而且電視廣告為了賣出不好的和沒用的產(chǎn)品有時也說謊。that引導的兩個賓語從句；不定式to sell products表示目的，tha

52、t are sometimes bad or useless是products的定語從句。3. If the wounded soldier had been given first aid,he would not have died.如果這位受傷的戰(zhàn)士得到急救的話，他就不會犧牲了。對過去情況的虛擬，從句if had done又是被動形式；first aid急救，aid是指援助和資助等，help指各種幫助。4. After driving twenty miles,he suddenly realize that he had been driving in the wrong direct

53、ion.二十英里之后，他突然意識到他一直在朝著錯誤的方向開。分詞的獨立主格形式，駕駛動作與主句主語是主動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞driving；過去完成進行時形式had been doing；朝著方向，用介詞in。5. Sorry,officer,I shouldn't have driven at 80 miles an hour but I didn't see any sign in the area telling me how fast people can drive.抱歉警官，我本不該開到時速80英里，但我在這一地區(qū)沒有看到限速標識。情態(tài)動詞用法shouldn't

54、 have done表示本不應該做某事但已經(jīng)做了，肯定形式should have done表示應該做某事但沒有做；telling me how fast people can drive是sign的分詞定語，how fast people can drive 是tell的賓語從句。6. We consider it necessary that the instrument be adjust each time it is used.我們認為有必要每次使用儀器時進行調(diào)試。 it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是that引導的從句；necessary后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，被動形式是（should) b

55、e done.7. Individual freedom does not in any sense mean that you can do whatever you like at your free-will.個人自由并不意味著你可以自由地做你想要做的任何事情。that引導的賓語從句；whatever引導的賓語從句；in any sense在任何意義上，in a sense 在某種意義上，in no sense決不，make sense有意義。8. I would have told him the answer had it been possible,but I was so bus

56、y then.如果有可能我就告訴他答案了，但那時我很忙。對過去情況的虛擬，從句省略if后had前置；but后并非虛擬的情況還原為一般過去時。9. Having heard so much about Mr.Smith,they were eager to meet and have a chat with him.他們已經(jīng)聽說了許多Smith先生的事情，非?？释姷剿囊涣?。非謂語動詞的獨立主格形式，主動關系用現(xiàn)在分詞，強調(diào)動作的先后順序，獨立主格用的完成時態(tài)；be eager to渴望做某事。10. When she came back from Hollywood,she wanted t

57、o tell everybody about all the stars and exciting people whom she had seen.當她從好萊塢回來時，她想告訴每個人她見過的所有的令人激動的明星們。whom引導的定語從句；注意從句時態(tài)是過去完成時；the stars and exciting people 共有一個定冠詞，指的是一類人。第九組1. The scientists say that those gestures ,movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.科學家們聲稱，那些手勢、動作等具有詞語所無法表達的含義。that引導的賓語從句；which引導的定語從句。2. In short,art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a