1、高三英語復(fù)習(xí)迎考書面表達(dá)必備黃金短語與句型必備黃金短語：首先first of all/to begin with /to start with/ in the first place/ first and foremost其次Whats more/ Moreover/Furthermore/In addition/ Additionally/ On top of this/ Besides表對(duì)比：on the one hand, on the other hand  表原因：because of, thanks to, due to, owning to表結(jié)果：theref

2、ore, thus, as a result, so 表轉(zhuǎn)折：however, nevertheless, yet表結(jié)論：in conclusion, in a word, in brief, to sum up更糟糕的是Whats worse/ Even worse/ To make matters worse/ Worse still更重要的是More importantly/ What is more important is that-眾所周知As we all know/As is known to all/It is known that/What is known is that

3、- It is widely accepted that-/ It is widely acknowledged that-如下as follows/in the following ways  相反的on the contrary 相比之下 in/by contrast保護(hù)環(huán)境 to protect the environment 開拓視野 to broaden the horizon 開拓心胸 to broaden the mind 松散身心 to relax oneself 追求理想 to seek after the ideal 實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù) to realize one'

4、;s ambition 跟上時(shí)代 to keep up with the times 培養(yǎng)公德心 to cultivate the public mindedness 陶冶品德 to cultivate the character 貢獻(xiàn)國家 to contribute oneself to the country 鍛煉身體 to strengthen, exercise the body 服從校規(guī) to follow the rules of the school 盡身為學(xué)生的責(zé)任 to fulfill one's duty as a student 面臨困難 to be confro

5、nted with the difficulty 克服困難 to overcome the difficulty 亂丟垃圾 to litter; to scatter garbage 美化環(huán)境 to beautify the environment 防止污染 to prevent the pollution 提升生活質(zhì)量 to promote the qualities of life 造成損害 to do damage to 對(duì)有益 to benefit; to be beneficial to 不辭辛勞 to take pains to 對(duì)有害 to be harmful to; to d

6、o harm to 占用人行道 to occupy the sidewalk 造成不便 to cause inconvenience 造成混亂 to bring about the disorder 闖紅燈 to run through the red light符合需要 to meet the demand 不遺余力 to spare no efforts to承受負(fù)擔(dān) to bear the responsibility 緩和悲傷 to ease (alleviate) the sorrow 把握機(jī)會(huì) to seize the opportunity 樹立楷模 to set a good

7、example 接受教育 to receive education 提升生活的水平 to raise the standard of living 有很深的了解 to have a deep understanding of 跟隨流行 to follow the fashion 有廣泛的知識(shí) to have a wide range of knowledge 牢記在心 to bear . in mind 扮演重要角色 to play an important role in 犯法 to violate the law對(duì)充耳不聞 to turn a deaf ear to 變胖 to gain

8、weight 符合需要 to serve the purpose 增加生活的情趣 to increase the pleasures of life 精神抖擻 to be ( feel ) refreshed 參加課外活動(dòng) to take part in the club activities 逃避現(xiàn)實(shí) to escape the reality 達(dá)到目標(biāo) to achieve the aim 奠定基礎(chǔ) to lay the foundation 失去耐心 to lose patience 養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣 to make it a rule to; to cultivate the habit 采

9、取行動(dòng)take actions/measures遇到交通阻塞 to be caught in a traffic jam 予以威脅 to pose a threat to 產(chǎn)生不同 to make a great difference    過著幸福/艱苦的生活live a happy/hard life黃金句型: 一.開篇   1. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.  2. Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .

10、 / 3. Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .   4. Nowadays there is a growing concern over .  二.比較 1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3. For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages

11、.  4. A and B differ in several ways.5. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 6. People used to think ., but things are different now.  三. 原因   1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation./A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(accoun

12、t for ) the phenomenon(problem).  2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.   / 3. The factors that contribute to this situation include.  4. The change in .largely results from the fact that.   / 5. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .  6.

13、 Another contributing factor (cause ) is .   7. Perhaps the primary factor is that  8. But the fundamental cause is that .  四. 證明   1. No one can deny the fact that .= There is no denying the fact that.= It goes without saying that =There is no doubt that= We cant ignor

14、e the fact that 2. Recent studies indicate that .   3. There is sufficient evidence to show that .  4. According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .  五. 批駁  1. Some people say ., but it does not hold water. 2. Many of us have been under the illusion th

15、at.   3. A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.  4. It makes no sense to argue for .   5. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .  六. 后果 1. It will exercise a profound influence upon.  2. Its consequence can be so great tha

16、t.  七. 結(jié)尾  1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .  2. It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop .   3. It is necessary that steps should be taken to .   4. In summary, to solve the above-mentioned problem, we should .

17、    5. With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.      6. Taking all these into account, we .  高三英語讀寫任務(wù)作文專題突破-如何寫概括30個(gè)詞的摘要怎么寫？Part I. 什么是摘要？概括部分包含幾種能力。第一要看清楚文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)法反映出原文中作者的觀點(diǎn)。第二要具有意義篩選的能力，學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)、重要和次要、普遍與特殊、相關(guān)與不相關(guān)、原因和結(jié)

18、果等復(fù)雜的邏輯關(guān)系。第三要有用英文解釋英文的能力，用自己簡(jiǎn)單的語言解釋比較復(fù)雜的語言文字，不能抄襲原文。一、概括的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：拋棄次要，瞄準(zhǔn)寫作目的。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的概括采用浮凸式的表達(dá)方式，第一句話是主題句，清楚明白地告訴了讀者文章的寫作目的，這句話的質(zhì)量決定了概括的成敗。后面的句子對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行解釋和支撐，凡是意義在主題之外的要毫不吝嗇地予以刪除。二、概括的寫作步驟：1. 確定主題句。確定閱讀文章的主題句，一般在段首。沒有主題句的需要自己組合。2. 尋找關(guān)鍵詞。分析主題句意義，確定關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞一般體現(xiàn)為名詞、形容詞，關(guān)鍵詞的數(shù)目決定了概括的信息濃度。3. 重構(gòu)主題句。概括的主題句邏輯上要統(tǒng)攝后面所有的支撐

19、句。可以從作者的寫作目的逆推，反映寫作目的主題句是高度抽象的，它基本決定了概括的質(zhì)量。4. 重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，可以是補(bǔ)充過程或者提供證據(jù)?？谠E：簡(jiǎn)括為：縮長見短，省卻細(xì)膩。（括：概括性。見：間接引語。短：短的連詞。細(xì)膩：細(xì)節(jié)和例子）三、概括的形式：“主題句+支撐句” 即“主題+主題的什么”。文體主題句支撐句議論文文章論點(diǎn)（一句）文章論據(jù)（兩三句）記敘文故事的寫作目的/ 主題（一句）故事大意（兩三句）說明文說明的對(duì)象/ 觀點(diǎn)/ 現(xiàn)象解釋/ 分述附：廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則：1完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改的，得0分；2機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得1分； 3稍微

20、靈活地抄原文，改主語，賓語、原文詞序的，得2分； 4創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語，賓語、原文詞序還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得3分。5結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞，詞性變化比較好的4至5分。Part II. 寫概括的具體方法 .The Steps of Writing a Summary A.定時(shí)態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過去時(shí)，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用過去時(shí)；如果是現(xiàn)在的，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；不過，模板的開頭語一般為現(xiàn)在時(shí)如The passage tells us that- - -.B.定人稱：一般情況下采用第三人稱來寫作。（特殊如書信的，可能會(huì)使用第一、二人稱；）C.定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。1)Use words of simil

21、ar meanings同義替換法I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient. =I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正話反說法 You will fail. = You will _. 3)Change the part of speech詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法 Patience is very important. Patience is of _ .4)Change the st

22、ructure of a sentence句式變化法語態(tài)變換：Parents should give children more praise. Children should _ more praise.簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句： Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster.5)Use the shortest possible transitions連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精

23、的連詞，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。We should encourage children. We should not scold them.= We should encourage children_ scolding them.6) Change the order of the words.詞序改變法D. 下列是常規(guī)的實(shí)用技巧。Skill1: Omit (省略) the details Skill2: Omit the repetiti

24、onsSkill3: Omit the examples Skill4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具體的) words Skill5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech 寫摘要時(shí)可以采用下列幾種小技巧： 1) 刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。2) 避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題，可能會(huì)重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。 3) 刪除具體例子。不過，閱讀材料本身是由幾個(gè)具體例子構(gòu)成的，如閱讀材料是談西方種種節(jié)日的，如刪除具體例子

25、，則概括很難達(dá)到30個(gè)詞，那就選擇一至兩個(gè)例子（即一兩個(gè)主要節(jié)日）。注：原文中可能包括5個(gè)或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個(gè)例子。4) 使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括為：“She brought home a lot of books to

26、read during the vocation.”5) 把文章的對(duì)話或直接引語(的要點(diǎn))改成間接引語敘述。 6) 把長段的描述變成短小、簡(jiǎn)單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個(gè)句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。7) 壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為： “He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor

27、.” 可以概括為：“He was in financial difficulties.” 8) 你還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。 .Task2: find out how to summarize the whole passage 段意合并法 (說明文、應(yīng)用文) 第一步, 通讀全文, 領(lǐng)略大意; 第二步,小結(jié)每一段的大意;第三步, 根據(jù)每一段的大意以及作者的側(cè)重點(diǎn), 綜合歸納全文的大意.對(duì)于說明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字說明某一現(xiàn)象。比如，可以概括如下 “This article points out the common phenomenon” 要素串聯(lián)法（記敘文） 記敘文主要是記

28、敘所發(fā)生的事情和經(jīng)歷。常見的形式有：故事、日記、新聞報(bào)道、游記等。記敘文通常要交待清楚五要素的內(nèi)容，即where, when, what, who, how, 給讀者一個(gè)內(nèi)容完整、細(xì)節(jié)清晰的故事。事情的敘述通常按時(shí)間的順序敘述，讓讀者易于把握所敘述內(nèi)容之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)，我們必須抓住記敘文的寫作特點(diǎn)或思路，從而更好地理解文章主題，概括出比較中肯的短文中心大意。 主題概括法（議論文）第一、找出關(guān)鍵詞和全文或段落的主題句。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地說，主題詞通常是名詞、動(dòng)詞

29、或形容詞。第二、根據(jù)原文的詞句(一般指關(guān)鍵詞和全文或段落的主題句), 進(jìn)行改寫: 或用相應(yīng)的同義詞，或進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換(如主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句等等). 千萬不要原封不動(dòng)地抄寫原文的詞句.第三、用連詞連接各部分，使它連貫；第四、整合中心要點(diǎn)，使用形容詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語合并、簡(jiǎn)化句子，使之符合概括短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的詞數(shù)(30個(gè)詞左右)。議論文通常用來講明道理、議論是非、提出觀點(diǎn)和看法。作者先正面或反面提出論點(diǎn)，然后用事實(shí)論證論點(diǎn)，最后以重申論點(diǎn)或提出建議的方式得出結(jié)論。議論文的主題句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。盡可能客觀簡(jiǎn)要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)?？梢圆捎萌缦路椒ǜ爬ǎ篢he write

30、r of this article thinks that 或者你認(rèn)為本材料的觀點(diǎn)代表了一些人的思想，就可以說Some people think 還可以從中立的角度或用“無人稱”的方式來說The article gives the view thatExercise: Match the main idea with the proper skill.5. It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but

31、 she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, “I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the

32、 ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “ I enjoy cleaning windows at night.” “So do I,” answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to

33、 the station?” “Well, Id prefer to stay here,” I said. “ You see, Ive forgotten my key.” “Your what?” he called. “My key,” I shouted.Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me Which skill: _點(diǎn)撥：1） 這是一篇記敘文，請(qǐng)從原文中劃出時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的經(jīng)過

34、和結(jié)果。2） 填充下面所給的summary, 注意如何借用詞法，語法簡(jiǎn)化句子。Summary: On arriving home _ in the morning, the writer failed to wake up _ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _, but was found by _. Soon his shouting woke his wife.積累模板Some Summary Models for You要注意歸納和積累summary中常用的句式或模板。A.如議論文的概要通常可以如此開頭：The essay/passage/au

35、thor highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay/passage/author argues in support of , stating that The essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who come first or are the best in any field but the others whose effort push them to success.The essay/passage/a

36、uthor discusses the impact of email.The essay/passage/author compares friendship with the comfort of home.The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.B.而記敘文的概要?jiǎng)t可以從以下模板中選擇：The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.The author tells us a story ab

37、out a _. The passage is a story about _.According to the passage, the hero in the story _.C.通用型模板： According to the passage, we know/ This article is mainly aboutThe writer states that/ As can be learn this passage, - - -/ The passage says thatIn this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experien

38、ce of另外，更具體一點(diǎn)：(1) 記敘文概要模板a.點(diǎn)明寫作目的類The writer tells us（主題）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情節(jié)）.b.作者經(jīng)歷類： In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, whichc. 他人經(jīng)歷類： This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(2) 議論文概要模板The article gives the view thatsho

39、uld/shouldnt（主題）.（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）.The passage highlights(強(qiáng)調(diào)) the importance of sth./ The author argues that(3) 說明文概要模板a. 現(xiàn)象揭示類This article points out the common phenomenon -（主題), which.（補(bǔ)充解釋）.b. 利弊對(duì)比類： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact(影響)of

40、sth. On the positive side, but it may also.c. 研究顯示類： The study reveals(揭露) that/ The purpose of the report is to show thatPart III. 概括大意時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)事項(xiàng)1. 不可忽略, 忘記寫. 概括要點(diǎn)占5分.2. 不可一字不漏地完全照抄原文.( 但可以靈活地抄，特別對(duì)基礎(chǔ)差的同學(xué))3. 不可加入自己的觀點(diǎn). 必須忠于原文、忠于作者.4. 不要概括太廣，缺乏針對(duì)性，也不要只針對(duì)原文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)太狹窄.5. 不要用列舉、描繪性語言當(dāng)成概括性語言.6. 不要只用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來概括.

41、或?qū)懙锰嗑渥樱▎卧~）。7. 要注意文體特征. 文體不同, 概括的方式也不同.8. 不要把概括跟下文寫成一起。（即要求分段）9不要用序號(hào)標(biāo)概括和下文，注意概括和下文構(gòu)成一個(gè)不可分隔、完整的文章。附：練習(xí)參考答案： I. “定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。”練習(xí)1) because 2) not succeed 3) of great importance 4) be given； which 5) instead of利弊類作文說明事物優(yōu)點(diǎn)的常用句式1. There are several advantages of The first / biggest advantage is that有

42、幾方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，第一個(gè)/最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是2. Nothing / Few things can equal / match with in terms of在方面，（幾乎）沒有什么東西可以和相媲美。3. In spite of / Despite the disadvantages / side effects, it has its advantages / beneficial effects.盡管存在一些缺點(diǎn) / 負(fù)面影響，但它并非一無是處。說明事物缺點(diǎn)的常用句式1. However, just like anything else, has its negative sides as wel

43、l.但是，和其他事物一樣， 也有其不好的一面。2. However, the disadvantages can not be ignored. 但是，缺點(diǎn)也是不能忽視的。3. However, just as everything has two sides,also has many disadvantages.但是，正如每個(gè)個(gè)事物都有兩面性一樣， 也有很多缺點(diǎn)。4. As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sides , . is no exception.正如有句言語所說的那樣，每件事物都有利有弊。也不例外。5. However, the

44、 negative aspects are also apparent/ obvious/ evident. To begin with, . To make matters worse, . Worst of all, 不足之處也是顯而易見的.首先,;更糟的是,;最后。表明事物利大于弊的常用句式1. As to me, I think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. 就我而言，我認(rèn)為利大于弊。2. Anyway, I still believe has more advantages than disadvantages. 不管怎樣，我仍

45、然相信 的利大于弊。3. But for me, I think what is more important is its positive sides.但就我而言，我認(rèn)為它積極的一面更加重要。范文：養(yǎng)寵物 1. 養(yǎng)寵物有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。2. 寵物也會(huì)引發(fā)一些問題。3. 我的態(tài)度Keeping a Pet Nowadays it is common to see people keep a dog or cat or a pet of another kind all over the world.There are many advantages of keeping a pet. For on

46、e thing, pets are good companions. This is especially important for people who live alone and for the old who do not go out much. Some pets can also help to protect the house from thieves. For another, dogs and cats like to play and can give hours of amusement to children and adults. Taking care of

47、an animal also helps children to develop a sense of responsibility and to learn about the nature. However, keeping a pet, just like anything else, has its negative sides as well. It may also give rise to some problems. For example, some pets are dirty and tend to transmit some sort of disease. Worst

48、 of all, Some dogs may attack and seriously injure small children for the reason that their owners dont train them properly or actually encourage them to be aggressive. To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, especially for lonely people and children. Meanwhile, it

49、is, however, quite necessary to bear in mind that pets should be well trained in case they attack people.圖畫類作文描述圖畫常用句式 As is vividly shown /betrayed/indicated in the picture, / As we can see in the picture, 揭示主題常用句式 The picture is trying to tell us that This drawing mirrors a common social phenomeno

50、n, which has aroused our social concern and is in fact thought-provoking. This picture reflects a common phenomenon thatWhat the picture wants to stress is that some people in society. Theres no denying that the picture shows a real phenomenon in society that. This picture is thought-provoking

51、and what it reflects is an increasing phenomenon in our society, one that should be given serious thought to. This has become a common phenomenon in our country, which we should give serious thought to.What the picture conveys here is that分析原因常用句式 1. The reason why is that / 2. There are many reason

52、s accounting for 3. There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. 5. Many factors contribute to this phenomenon, which can be listed as follows. To begin with,In addition, Last but not the least,6. be responsible for ./ shoulder the blame for /be to blame for7. be a major source of; be anoth

53、er major contributor to提出建議常用句式 As far as I am concerned/ From my point of view,Be(not) supposed to/ It is better/advisable to/ I consider it necessary that sb should Only in this way can we/Only with combined efforts can we/Only by doing sth can we/ Only when sb do sth can wehad better do sth/ migh

54、t as well do sth./ Its high time that sb should do sth/sb did sth范文: 霧霾Recently ,the air quality in China has raised widespread concern. As is indicated in the picture, an old man and his grandson are taking a walk in the street with masks covering their mouths. As the haze is becoming heavier and h

55、eavier, they find it hard to see the buildings and trees around them clearly. What the picture conveys here is that air pollution is quite severe in China. Many factors account for this phenomenon. In the first place, vehicles sending large quantities of poisonous gases are a major source of air pol

56、lution. Furthermore, factories that release a great deal of smoke are also responsible for the poor air quality. Besides, burning material like coal or oil for homes and offices is another major contributor to air pollution.Personally, to better the air quality, the government and the common citizen

57、s should make joint efforts. Riding and walking are wise options for public travels. Meanwhile, effective laws are supposed to be made to guarantee good air quality.觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比類作文模板 一. Para. 1 There are different opinions among people as to whether we shouldPara. 2 Some people are in favor of this opinion, they thinkPara. 3 However, some others are against it, arguing that Para. 4 From my point of view, we should 二 Para. 1 Opinions on this matter vary from person to person./ Para. 2 People in favor of it state that .