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1、給水排水專業(yè)英語Lesson 1specific yield sp ?'sifik ji:ld 單位產(chǎn)水量mass curve 累積曲線capital investment 投資recurring natural event 'n?t? r?l 重現(xiàn)歷史事件subterranean s ?bt?'reini ?n 地下的groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水tap t?p 開關(guān)、龍頭;在 上開空(導(dǎo)出液體)n. 沼澤地;沼澤地帶swampland 'sw ?mpl?ndcapillary k ?'pil ?ri n. 毛細(xì)管 a
2、dj. 毛狀的,毛細(xì)管的hygro- 詞頭 濕(氣),液體hygroscopic ,haigr ?u'sk ?pik adj. 易濕的,吸濕的hygroscopic moisture 吸濕水stratum 'streit ?m n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)地層,生物學(xué)(組織的)層aquifer '?kw? f? '?kwif? n.含水層,地下蓄水層saturation ,s?t? 'rei?n n. 飽和 (狀態(tài)),浸潤(rùn),浸透,飽和度hydrostatic ,haidr ?u'st?tik adj. 靜水力學(xué)的 , 流體靜力學(xué)的hydrostatic pres
3、sure 靜水壓力water table 1. 地下水位,地下水面,潛水面2. 【建筑學(xué)】瀉水臺(tái);承雨線腳;飛檐;馬路邊溝 亦作 water-tablePhreatic surface fri(:)'?tik 地下水(靜止)水位,淺層地下水面Superficial sju:p ?'fi?l adj. 表面的 ,表觀的,淺薄的Porosity p ?:'r?siti n. 多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率Unconfined ' ?nk ?n'faind adj. 無約束的,無限制的Permeability ,p ?:mi?'biliti n. 彌漫 , 滲
4、透 , 滲透性Permeameter p ?:mi'?mit? n. 滲透儀,滲透性試驗(yàn)儀)Clay klei n. 粘土,泥土gravel 'g r?v?ln.總稱礫,沙礫,小石;礫石cone of depressionk?un 下降漏斗 , 水文學(xué)下降錐體drawdown 'dr ?:daun n. 水位下降(降落,消耗,減少)integrate 'intigreit 【數(shù)學(xué)】作積分運(yùn)算;求積分observation well ,?bz?:'vei ?n 觀測(cè)井,觀測(cè)孔extraction ik'str?k? n n. 抽出,取出,提?。ǚǎ?/p>
5、,萃?。ǚǎヾerivation deri'vei ?n n. 1. 導(dǎo)出,引(伸 )出,來歷,出處,得出,得到;誘導(dǎo),推論,推理;溯源63 / 791) (定理的)求導(dǎo),推導(dǎo)2) 微商,微分,導(dǎo)數(shù)【語言】詞源,衍生deplete di'pli:t v. 耗盡 , 使.衰竭refuse ri'fju:z n. 廢物,垃圾vt. 拒絕,謝絕dump d?mp n. 垃圾場(chǎng),垃圾堆,堆存處vt. 傾卸,傾倒 (垃圾 )unconfined aquifer潛水含水層,非承壓含水層,無壓含水層confined aquifer自流含水層,承壓含水層homogeneous ,h ?
6、m?u'd ?i:nj ?s adj. 同類的 , 相似的,均勻的,均相的;同種類的,同性質(zhì)的;相同特征的Aquaclude 不透水層,難滲透水的地層Offset '?:fset n.偏移量 抵銷,彌補(bǔ),分支,膠印,平版印刷,支管,乙字管Vt. 彌補(bǔ) ,抵銷 ,用平版印刷 vi. 偏移,形成分支sophisticated s ?'fistikeitid adj. 復(fù)雜的,需要專門技術(shù)的;詭辯的,久經(jīng)世故的equilibrium ,i:kwi'libri ?m n. 平衡 ,均衡Water Supply (給水工程)(眾所周知,水對(duì)生命的生存至關(guān)重A supply
7、 of water is critical to the survival of life, as we know it.要。) People need water to drink, animals need water to drink, and plants need water to drink. (人需要水, 動(dòng)物需要水, 植物需要水) The basic functions of society require water:(社會(huì)的基本功能需要水: )cleaning for public health (公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的沖洗) , consumption for industria
8、l processes (工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程耗水) , and cooling for electrical generation (電能生產(chǎn)過程的冷卻) . In this lesson, we discuss water supply in terms of: (在這里,我們從兩方面討論水的供給:)1. Groundwater supplies (地下水供給)2. Surface water supplies (地表水供給)Groundwater is an important direct source of supply that is tapped by wells (地下水是通過打井而得
9、到的重要直接供水水源) ,as well as a significant indirect source since surface streams are often supplied by subterranean water. (也是有意義的間接供水水源,因?yàn)榈乇硭畷?huì)經(jīng)常得到地下水的補(bǔ)給)Near the surface of the earth (靠近地表) , in the zone of aeration (在通氣層內(nèi)) , soil pore spacescontain both air and water (土壤顆粒間隙同時(shí)包含空氣和水) . This zone, which
10、 may have zero thicknessin swamplands and be several hundred feet thick in mountainous regions, contains three types ofmoisture (這一地層,其厚度在沼澤地可能為零, 在山區(qū)則可能厚達(dá)數(shù)百英尺, 蘊(yùn)涵三種類型的濕氣) . Aftera storm, gravity water is in transit through the larger soil pore spaces (暴雨之后,水在重力的作用下透過土壤中較大的顆粒間隙) . Capillary water is
11、 drawn through small pore spaces by capillary action and is available for plant uptake (在較小土壤顆??p隙中的水則由于毛細(xì)管作用上升而被植物吸收) . Hygroscopic moisture is held in place by molecular forces during all except the driest climatic conditions(在不是最干燥的氣候條件下, 土壤濕氣中的水蒸汽分子會(huì)因?yàn)榉肿娱g引力 范氏力而被土壤穩(wěn)定下來) .(地表通氣層的濕氣不能Moisture, from
12、 the zone of aeration cannot be tapped as a water supply source通過鑿井方式作為供水水源) .In the zone of saturation, located below the zone of aeration (位于通氣層以下的飽和層) , the soil pores are filled with water (土壤間隙中充滿著水) , and this is what we call groundwater (這些水就是通 常所稱的地下水) . A stratum that contains a substantial
13、 (充實(shí)的) amount of groundwater is called an aquifer (包含大量地下水的地層稱為含水層) . At the surface between the two zones (通氣層和含水層 相鄰的邊界) , called the water table or phreatic surface (稱為水位線或淺層地下水面) , the hydrostatic pressure in the groundwater is eaual to the atmospheric pressure (地下水靜壓力與大氣壓力相等) . An aquifer may e
14、xtend to great depths (含水層可達(dá)相當(dāng)深度) , but because the weight of overburden material generally closes pore spaces (但因?yàn)檫^多的地層壓力會(huì)壓縮土壤間隙) , little water is found at depths greater than 600m(2000ft)( 深度超過 600m , 即 2000 英寸, 就基本找不到地下水了) . The amountof water that will drain freely from an aquifer is known as s
15、pecific yield (若向含水層掘井,能夠自由出流 的水量稱為單位產(chǎn)水量) .The flow of water out of a soil can be illustrated using Figure 1 (從土壤中流動(dòng)的水如圖 1 所示) . The flow rate must be proportional to the area through which flow occurs times the velocity (流量與流水面積 和速率成正比) , orQ=AvWhere (此式中)Q=flow rate , in m3/sec (流量,單位為m3/s )A=area
16、 of porous material through which flow occurs, in m2 (滲透性土壤的流水?dāng)嗝妫瑔挝粸?m2 ) v=superficial velocity, in m/sec (表征流速,單位為 m/s )(表征流速當(dāng)然不The superficial velocity is of course not the actual velocity of the water in the soil是水在土壤中流動(dòng)的真實(shí)速度) , since the volume occupied by the soil solid particles greatly reduc
17、es theavailable area for flow (因?yàn)橥寥李w粒粒徑極大地降低了水流通過的空間) . If a is the area available forflow, then (如果 a 代表水的流經(jīng)斷面面積,那么)Q=Av=av Where (此式中)v =actual velocity of water flowing through the soil (水流在土壤中的真實(shí)流速)a=area available for flow (水的流經(jīng)斷面面積)Solving for v , (求解 v )v =Av/aIf a sample of soil is of some l
18、ength L, then (如果土壤樣品具有一定長(zhǎng)度)v7 =Av/a=AvL/(aL尸v/porosity(v/孔隙率)since the total volume of the soil sample is AL and the volume occupied by the water is aL. (因?yàn)榭偟耐寥罉悠敷w積為 AL ,實(shí)際的水流動(dòng)空間則為 aL )Water flowing through the soil at a velocity v loses energy (水在以v 速度流動(dòng)的過程中會(huì)損失能量) , just as water flowing through a
19、 pipeline or an open channel does (這個(gè)道理與水在管道或明渠中流動(dòng)是一樣的) . This energy loss per distance traveled is defined as (單位長(zhǎng)度的水頭損失定義為)energy lose (水頭損失)=Ah/A LWhere (此式中) h=energy, measured as elevation of the water table in an unconfined aquifer or aspressure in a confined aquifer, in m (水頭,在非承壓含水層中,即水位線;在承
20、壓含水層中,即壓力;單位為 m )L=horizontal distance in direction of flow, in m (流水在水平方面上的長(zhǎng)度, m )The symbol(delta) simply means “a change in, " as in "a change in leng暗號(hào)表示在某一長(zhǎng)度方向上出現(xiàn)的一種變化) Thus this equation means that there is achange(loss) of energy, h, aswater flows through the soil some distance, L.
21、(這個(gè)公式表示的是隨著水在土壤間隙中的流動(dòng)距離L ,出現(xiàn)能量上的變化 h )In an unconfined aquifer (在非承壓含水層) , the drop in the elevation of the water table with distance isthe slope of the water table in the direction of flow (沿流動(dòng)距離下降的水頭是一個(gè)沿水流方向的水位斜坡) . The elevation of the water surface is the potential energy of the water (水位線的高度表示著
22、水的勢(shì)能) , and water flows from a higher elevation to a lower elevation (水總是從高處流向低處) , losingenergy along the way (沿程損失能量) . Flow through a porous medium such as soil is related to theenergy loss using the Darcy equation (水在類似于土壤的多孔性介質(zhì)中流動(dòng)時(shí)的水頭損失按達(dá)西公式計(jì)算)Q=KA( h/ L)Where (上式中)K=coefficient of permeability
23、, in m/day (滲透系數(shù),單位為 m/d )A=cross-sectional area, in m2 (過流斷面面積,單位為 m2 )The Darcy equation makes intuitive sense (達(dá)西公式給人帶來的直觀感覺是) , in that the flow rate (Q)increases with increasing area (A) through which the flow occurs and with the drop in pressure, h/ L(在一定的水量和壓力降條件下,過流面積越大,出水流量就越大) . The greate
24、r the driving force ( the指上下含difference in upstream and downstream pressures), the greater the flow水層間的不同水壓 ,水的流量越大). The factor, K (系數(shù) K ) , is the coefficient of permeability (指滲透性系數(shù)) , an indirect measure of the ability of a soil sample to transmit water (土壤樣品的透水能力間接指標(biāo)) , can be measured by a per
25、meameter shown in Figure 2 (能夠通過圖 2 所示的滲透測(cè)試儀測(cè)得)it varies dramatically for different soils (不同土壤的滲透系數(shù)相差很大) , ranging from about 0.005m/dayfor clay (粘土僅 0.005m/d ) to over 5000m/day for gravel (礫石則超過5000m/d ) . The coefficient ofpermeability is measured commonly in the laboratory using permeameters (滲
26、透系數(shù)一般在實(shí)驗(yàn)室通過滲透測(cè)試儀測(cè)得) , which consist of a soil sample through which a fluid such as water is forced (滲透測(cè)試儀含有一些土壤樣品,水在壓力作用下通過它們) . The flow rate is measured for a given driving force(difference in pressures) through a known area of soil sample (在已知的過流斷面面積下,測(cè)定不同驅(qū)動(dòng)壓力下水的流量) , and the permeability calcula
27、ted (然后通過計(jì)算得到滲透系數(shù) K) .Lesson 2drainage ditch 'dreinid ? 排水溝shambles '?mblz 肉店,屠宰場(chǎng),混亂的地方synonym 'sin ?nimn. 同義詞discard dis'k a :d;'diskaid舜,拋棄,放棄excrement 'ekskrim ?nt n. 排泄物 ,糞便sewer 'sju ?; 'su: ? n. 下水道,污水管,陰溝; . 縫紉工具(如縫紉機(jī)、針線等);縫紉者storm sewer雨水管water closet'kl ?
28、zit 盥洗室,廁所sanitary waste 's?nit? ri 生活廢水combined sewer 合流制下水道sanitary adj.1. 關(guān)于健康的;衛(wèi)生的,清潔的2. 關(guān)于衛(wèi)生的;公共衛(wèi)生的3. 提供健康的,提供衛(wèi)生的n. 公共廁所sanitary sewer 生活污水管道separated sewer 分流制下水道sewerage 'sju ?rid? 排水工程n. 1. 排污,污水處理2. 下水道系統(tǒng),排污系統(tǒng);下水工程,污水工程3. 污水,污物4. 臟話,下流話;骯臟的想法easement 'i:zm ?nt n. 緩和 ,減輕,方便 ; 地役權(quán)
29、perforated 'p?:f?reit 穿孔的;鑿孔的creek kri:k 小溪,小河,小灣,小港layout 規(guī)劃,設(shè)計(jì),布局圖,版面設(shè)計(jì)sewerage system 排水工程,排水系統(tǒng)conduit 'k ?ndit n.管道,導(dǎo)管,水管,溝渠;泉水,噴泉 (英音:'k ?ndit美音:'k a ndu?t)terrain 'terein n. 地帶,地域,地形collecting sewer 污水支管interceptor sewer int ?'sept ?(r) 截流管道,污水管截砂阱force main 壓力干管cement
30、si'ment 水泥outage 'autid ? 停機(jī) ,斷電mi mi: 英里,大音階的第三音auxiliary ?:g'zilj ?ri 輔助的,補(bǔ)助的brickwork 'brikw ?:k n. 砌磚domestic wastewater d?'mestik 生活廢水,家庭污水brainchild 指計(jì)劃、想法、創(chuàng)作等腦力勞動(dòng)的創(chuàng)造物euphemism 'ju:fimiz ?m n. 婉言,委婉的說法sink si?k 洗滌盆,污水池,接收器decree di'kri: n. 政令,法令v. 頒布n.(下水道,排水溝,鍋爐等可容
31、人manhole'm?nh? ul進(jìn)去檢修的)檢修孔,檢修井,人孔 seep si:p v. 滲出;滲漏cracking 'kr?ki? n. 破裂,裂化;分裂,分解detrimental ,detri'mentl adj. 有害的Lesson 3concentration ,k ?nsen'trei ?n n. 集中 ,專心 ,濃度,濃縮definitive di'finitiv 最后的,確定的,權(quán)威性的milli- 'mili詞頭毫 ,千分之一extract iks'tr?kt vt. 提煉,提取,萃取sloppy 'sl?p
32、i adj. 濕透的,水多的,液體的;草率的,粗心大意的residue 'rezidju: 殘留物,剩余物TDS ( the total dissolved solids ) 總?cè)芙庑怨腆wTSS ( the total suspended solids ) 總懸浮性固體filtration fil'trei ?n n. 過濾filtrate 'filtreit v.過濾,篩選 n.濾(出)液nominal 'n ?minl adj. 名義上的,有名無實(shí)的,名字的,名詞性的,公稱的,額定的hydrogen 'haidr ?d?n 'haidr ?u
33、d?n n. 氫ion 'ai ?n n. 離子dissociate di's ?u?ieit v. 分離,游離,分裂hydroxyl hai'dr ?ksil n. 【化學(xué)】羥基,氫氧基acidic ?'sidik adj. 酸的 ,酸性的dearth d?: 0 n.缺乏,糧食不足,饑謹(jǐn)basic 'beisik n. 基本,要素,基礎(chǔ)adj. 基本的 , 堿性的product 'pr ?d?kt n. 產(chǎn)品,成果,乘積logarithm 'l?g?ri 0 m n.【數(shù)學(xué)】對(duì)數(shù)electrode i'lektr ?d n.
34、【電學(xué)】電極;發(fā)射極;集電極hydrogen ion activity 氫離子活性(度)indicator 'indikeit ? n. 指示器 ,指示劑,指示菌,指示基因aquatic ?'kw?tik adj.1. 水的,水上的,水生的;水棲的 n. 水生動(dòng)物 ,水草organism ' ?:g?niz?m n. 生物體 ,有機(jī)體disinfection ,disin'fek ?n n. 消毒mine drainage 礦山排水sulfuric acids?l'fju ?rik硫酸alkalinity ,?lk? 'lin?ti n. 【化學(xué)
35、】堿性;堿度buffering capacity 'b ?f? 緩沖能力carbonate 'k a :b?neit n.,碳酸鹽bicarbonate bai'k a :b?nit n.【化學(xué)】碳酸氫鹽,酸式碳酸鹽,重碳酸鹽CO2(Carbon dioxide) dai' ?ksaid n. 二氧化物Titrate 'taitreit vt., vi. 【化學(xué)】滴定 n. 【化學(xué)】被滴定液calcium carbonate 'k?lsi? m 碳酸鈣DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧vt.1. 用刺網(wǎng)捕 (魚 )gill gil
36、 d ?il n. 腮,腮下肉,峽谷,峽流,鍶salinity s ?'liniti n. 含鹽量,咸度,鹽濃度,,鹽分odor '?ud? n. 氣味 ,名聲iodo- ai'?ud?; 'ai ?d?u (構(gòu)詞成分)碘,碘代titration tai'trei ?n n. 滴定BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) 生化需氧量microorganism maikr ?'?:g?niz(?)m n. 【微生物學(xué)】微生物macteria b?k'ti? ri? n. 細(xì)菌decomposable ,di:k ?m&
37、#39;p ?z?bl adj. 可分解的decomposition ,di:k ?mp ?'zi?n n.1. 腐敗,腐爛2. 分解(作用)oxidation ?ksi'dei ?n n. 氧化stabilize 'steibilaiz v.穩(wěn)定 vt. 1.使穩(wěn)定,保持 的穩(wěn)定;使穩(wěn)固,使安定:COD (chemical oxygen demand) 化學(xué)需氧量drawback 'dr ?:,b?k n. 缺點(diǎn),障礙decompose ,di:k ?m'p?uz vt.1. 分解,使分解,使腐爛cellulose 'seljul ?us n.
38、 纖維素dichromate dai'kr ?umeit n. 【化學(xué)】重鉻酸鹽nitrogen 'naitr ?d?n n. 氮reduced state 還原態(tài)carbonaceous k a :b?'nei?s adj.【化學(xué)】碳的,碳質(zhì)的,含碳的lignin 'lignin n. 木質(zhì)素nutrient 'nju:tri ?nt adj. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)的 ,滋養(yǎng)的 n. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物 ,營(yíng)養(yǎng)品fractionate 'fr?k? neit vt.1.把分成幾部分 2.【化學(xué)】分儲(chǔ),分級(jí) particulate p?'tikjulit, -lei
39、t n.1. 微粒;顆粒; adj. 微粒的;顆粒的;粒子狀的biodegradable ,bai ?udi' g reid?bl adj.生物可降解的ferment 'f?:m?nt n. 酵素,發(fā)酵,動(dòng)亂v. 使.發(fā)酵 ,發(fā)酵 ,動(dòng)亂VFAs (volatile fatty acids) 'v?l?tail 揮發(fā)性脂肪酸Lesson 4wastewater 'weistw ?:t? n. 廢水generation ,d ?en?'rei?n n. 產(chǎn)生,【世】代,residence 'rezid ?ns n. 居住,住處mutagenic ,
40、mju:t ?'d?enik adj. 誘變的,致誘變的septic 'septik adj. 腐敗的,敗血病的,膿毒性的n. 腐敗物malodorous m?'l? ud?r?s adj. 有臭味的 ,不合法的dwell dwel v. 居住,細(xì)說 ;carcinogenic k a :sin?d?nik adj.致癌物(質(zhì))的dry weather flow 枯季流量catch basin集水池,截流井,雨水口overland flow地表徑流,地面水流subcatchment n. 子流域,支流集水區(qū)rainfall 'reinf ?:l n. 雨量,降雨
41、;降雨量,降水量subsurface 's?b's?:fis adj. 表面下的;海面(或水平)下的;地表下的effluent 'eflu ?ntadj.流出的n.流出物,廢水,污水,排水渠discharge n. 流量,排放物,排出,排放overflow ' ?uv?'fl?u n. 溢流term t ?:m n. 學(xué)期,,期間,條款,條件,術(shù)語,contaminant k?n't?min? ntn.污染物,致污物preliminary treatment pri'limin ?ri 預(yù)處理rag r?g n. 抹布,碎屑,破布,碎布,
42、石板瓦 , 破舊衣服grit grit n. 砂礫,粗砂石primary treatment 'praim ?ri 初級(jí)處理n.構(gòu)成要素;成分,組分constituent k ?n'stitju ?ntstick stik n. 棍,棒floatable 'fl ?ut?bl adj. 可漂浮的 ,可浮起的grease gri:s n. 油脂ancillary ?n'sil? ri adj. 輔助的 , 附屬的secondary treatment 二級(jí)處理tertiary treatment 't?:?ri 三級(jí)處理chemical precipita
43、tion pri,sipi'tei ?n 化學(xué)沉淀anaerobic ?ne? 'r?ubikadj. 厭氧的lagoon l ?'gu:n n. 污水塘,氧化塘,曝氣塘,環(huán)礁,瀉湖(位于陸地與障壁島之間的半封閉水體)advanced oxidation 高級(jí)氧化membrane filtration 'membrein 膜濾breakpoint chlorination ,kl ?:ri'nei ?n 折點(diǎn)加氯denitrification di:naitrifi'kei ?n n. 脫氮作用,反硝化作用air stripping 's
44、tripi? 空氣吹脫,氣提ion exchange 離子交換chlorine dioxide 'kl ?:ri:n 二氧化氯ozone ' ?uz?un n. 臭氧colloidal k ?'l?idl adj. 【化學(xué)】膠質(zhì)的;膠態(tài)的;膠體的volatile organic compounds (VOC) 'v?l?tail 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物chemical scrubber ( 'skr ?b? 【化學(xué)】洗滌器;滌氣器,凈洗器) 化學(xué)洗滌塔biofilter 生物濾池compost 'k?mp ?stn. 混合肥料,堆肥advanced t
45、reatment 高級(jí)處理innovative 'in ?uveitiv adj. 革新的,創(chuàng)新的;富有革新精神的;新穎的eutrophication ju:,tr ?fi'kei ?n n. 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化作用amendment ?'mendm ?nt n. 改善 ,改良 ,改正harbor 'h a :b? n.海港,避難所v.庇護(hù),隱藏,藏匿aging 'eid ?i? n. 衰老,老化,陳化infrastructure 'infr ?'str?kt? n. 下部構(gòu)造,下部組織, 基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施nonpoint source n?n&
46、#39;p?int 非點(diǎn)源point source 點(diǎn)源retrofit 'retr?,fit n. & v.改型,改進(jìn)renewal ri'nju: ?l n. 更新 ,革新 ,復(fù)興;續(xù)借undersized '?nd?'saizd adj.小于一般尺寸的;小型的;不夠大的;比較矮小的vitrified 'vitrifaid adj. 陶瓷的 , 玻璃化的 , 上釉的,陶化的mortar 'm?:t? n. 砂漿,灰漿,膠泥v. 用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥結(jié)合exfiltration ,eksfil'trei ?n n. 漏出(滲漏)
47、,滲出transmissivity tr?nzmi'siviti n. 透射比,透射率,透射系數(shù)gene d ?i:n n. 【遺傳學(xué)】(遺傳)基因,遺傳因子ballast 'b?l? st n. 整流器,壓艙物,道碴byproduct'bai,pr ?d?ktn. 副產(chǎn)品channelization 管道化interceptorint?'sept?(r)截砂阱 n.1. 攔截;阻止者;障礙物;攔截器;遮斷器upgrade '?pgreidn. 升級(jí),上升,上坡vt. 提高 (等級(jí)),提升,濃縮gastrointestinal tract ,g?str?
48、 uin'test ?nl 胃腸道oocyst ' ?u?,sist n. 【生物學(xué)】卵囊cryptosporidium ,kript ?u'sp ?ridi?m n. 【生物學(xué)】隱孢子蟲(屬)cryptosporidium parvum 小隱孢子蟲pfiesteria piscicida 幽靈藻pasture 'p a :st? n.牧地,草原,牧場(chǎng)feedlot 'fi:dl ?t n. 飼育場(chǎng),飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)trigger 'trig ? vt. 引發(fā),引起,觸發(fā)vortex separator 'v ?:teks 旋流分離器membran
49、e bioreactor 膜生物反應(yīng)器ultrafiltration ,?ltr?fil'trei ?nn. 超濾reverse osmosis ?z'm ?usis n. 反滲透ultraviolet radiation ' ?ltr?'vai ?lit n. 紫外線輻射headworks 'hedw ?:k n. 渠首工程,腦力勞動(dòng),準(zhǔn)備工作Lesson 5fine screen 細(xì)格柵,細(xì)篩coarse screenk?:s 粗格柵,粗篩microscreen 微孔篩網(wǎng)parallel bar 'p?r? lel 平行棒grating
50、39;greiti? 柵欄,柵,格柵wire mesh 'wai ? me ?金屬絲網(wǎng),鐵絲網(wǎng),鋼絲網(wǎng)perforated plate 'p ?:f?reit pleit 穿孔板,多孔板standby 備用bypass 旁路,旁通管in lieu of 'lju: 代替fillet 'filit n. 圓角,凸起,緣邊,嵌條chain n. 鏈條reciprocating ri'sipr ?keiti? adj. 往復(fù)的,來回的rake reik 耙子,齒耙catenary k?'ti:n?ri adj. & n.懸鏈線;懸鏈線的trou
51、gh 'tr?:f n. 槽 ,水槽ragged 'r?gid adj. 粗糙的 , 衣衫襤褸的,刺耳的jam d ?m n. 堵塞,擁擠hinge hind ? n. 鉸鏈 ,SI units ( Systeme International ) 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單位approach velocity vi'l ?siti 行近流速headloss 水頭損失cogwheel 'k?gwi:l n. 【機(jī)械學(xué)】齒輪carryover n. 攜帶,帶出,遺留,遺留物sprocket 'spr ?kitn.【機(jī)械學(xué)】 鏈齒, 鏈輪hook huk n. 鉤;掛鉤,吊鉤
52、protrude pr?'tru:d 伸出 ,突出grit chamber 沉砂池stringy 'stri?i adj. 線 ,繩的 ,纖維的slide slaid n. 滑,滑動(dòng), ,幻燈片recess ri'ses 凹槽, 凹座,凹進(jìn)處sluice slu:s n. 水閘,泄水管,水力沖泄debris 'debri:, 'deib- n. 碎片,殘駭,懸浮泥沙,推移質(zhì)parshall 'p a :?|巴歇爾氏測(cè)流量裝置wetwell 濕井,吸水井turbulence 't?:bjul ?ns n. 1. 混亂,動(dòng)亂,騷亂,騷動(dòng)2.
53、【航海學(xué)】 (水流的)湍流,紊流,(液體或氣體的)紊亂eddy 'edi n. 旋轉(zhuǎn),,漩渦trapezoidal ,tr?pi'z? id ?l 梯形的dislodge dis'l ?d? 移動(dòng),取出,清除hopper 'h ?p? 斗倉(cāng),進(jìn)料斗,加料斗pneumatic nj u(:)'m?tik n. 氣胎; adj. 裝滿空氣的,有氣胎的,汽力的,氣壓的,氣動(dòng)的grinder 'graind ? n. 磨碎機(jī),研磨機(jī),磨床shred ' ?red n. 碎片,破片; v. 撕碎,切碎air diffuser di'fju:
54、z ? 氣體擴(kuò)散器flume flu:m n. 水槽,斜槽,渡槽,水道;引水溝grind graind v., 磨碎,碾碎,折磨Lesson 6Neutralize 'nju:tr ?laiz v. 使中和 ,壓制silt silt n. 淤泥,殘?jiān)?,煤粉,泥沙barrier 'b?ri? n. 界線,屏障, 障礙物,勢(shì)壘,潛堰collide k?'laid v. 碰撞 , 抵觸charge neutralization 電中和floc fl?k n. 絮體flocculation fl ?kju'lei ?n n. 絮凝作用cation 'k?tai?
55、 n 正離子 , 陽離子trivalent trai'veil ?nt adj. 【化學(xué)】三價(jià)的monovalent ,m ?n?u'veil ?nt adj. 【化學(xué)】一價(jià)的,單價(jià)的repulsive force ri'p ?lsiv 排斥力alum '?l? m n. 明礬,礬硫酸鋁aluminum sulfate ,?lju'mini?m, ,?l? 'mini ?m 's?lfeitoxide '?ksaid n. 氧化物hydroxide hai'dr ?ksaid n. 【化學(xué)】氫氧化物complex '
56、;k?mpleksn. 復(fù)合體,配合物,絡(luò)合物sticky 'stiki adj. 粘的,粘性的slipping plane 'slipi? 滑動(dòng)面surface charge 表面電荷Brownian motion 布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)bombardment b?m'b a :dm?nt n. 襲擊approximation ?,pr?ksi'mei ?n n. 接近,近似side reaction 副反應(yīng)potential determining ions 決定電位離子electrolyte i'lektr ? lait n. 電解物 , 電解質(zhì) , 電解液po
57、lyelectrolyte ,p?lii'lektr ?u,lait n. 【化學(xué)】聚合(物 )電解質(zhì);高(分子)電解質(zhì)aggregation ?gri'gei? n n. , 聚合 ,集合體hydrolyzed metal ions 水解金屬離子coagulantk?'?gj? l?ntn.混凝劑flocculant'fl?kjul ?nt n.絮凝劑destabilizedi:'steibilaizvt.脫穩(wěn),使.不穩(wěn)定synthetic organic polymer sin' 0 eti哈成有機(jī)聚合物ferric 'ferik adj. 鐵的 ,含鐵的 ,三價(jià)鐵的prehydrolized 預(yù)水解的polyaluminum chloride 聚合氯化鋁polyiron chloride ,p?li'ai?n 聚合氯化鐵granular 'gr?njul? adj ,粒狀的 microflocculation 異向絮凝,微絮凝macroflocculation 'm?kr? u 同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation ?: 0 kai'netik同向絮凝作用perikinetic flocculation ,perikai'netik 異向
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