1、高等教育自學考試外貿函電串講講義建立業(yè)務關系要點：第一要點為寫信人信息來源或自我介紹；第二要點為公司的經(jīng)營范圍，寫信人是經(jīng)營什么產(chǎn)品的，對什么產(chǎn)品感興趣；第三要點為寫信人的打算；第四要點為結尾語。復習重點1.經(jīng)營范圍As this item falls(be, lie) within the scope(sphere) of our business activities,(lines) 棉布屬于我公司經(jīng)營范圍。替代用法：The item you inquired for comes within the frame of our business activities.你們所詢的商品正屬于我

2、們的業(yè)務經(jīng)營范圍。We handle the import business of textiles.我公司經(jīng)營紡織品的進口業(yè)務。We deal in Chinese textiles.我們經(jīng)營中國紡織品。We are engaged in the exportation of chemicals.我們經(jīng)營化工產(chǎn)品的出口。This shop trades in paper and stationery.這商店經(jīng)營文具紙張。We are in the cotton piece goods business. (line)我們經(jīng)營棉織品。Cotton Piece Goods are our lin

3、e.棉布是我公司經(jīng)營的產(chǎn)品。Cotton Piece Goods are our main exports.棉布是我們的主要進口商品。2.建立業(yè)務關系課文中用法：to enter into direct business relations with you與你公司建立直接的業(yè)務關系。注意：relations 必用復數(shù)； business 可用trade 替代。與某某建立業(yè)務聯(lián)系，一般用法：to establish business relations with；to enter into business activities with；to build up business relati

4、ons with；to make business contact with 。與誰建立業(yè)務聯(lián)系用with, 如：與你公司(你們，潛在顧客等)建立聯(lián)系to establish business relations with your company (your firm, your corporation, prospective dealers.)。建立什么樣的關系：to establish direct (直接的) pleasant (愉快的)，friendly (友好的)，good (良好的)，mutually beneficial (互利的) relations with 。在什么基礎

5、上建立業(yè)務關系：on the basis of 如：We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchanging what one has for what one needs.我們愿在平等互利、互通有無的基礎上與你公司建立業(yè)務聯(lián)系。促進業(yè)務聯(lián)系：to promote business relations；加強業(yè)務聯(lián)系：to strengthen (enhance) business relations.3. gener

6、al ideaA general idea 概況。(對應于詳細情況 ：in details，F(xiàn)ull details, all the details, important details, detail information)。4.AvailableAvailable 形容詞available放在它所修飾的名詞前或后都可以，如：Available quantity 或quantity available 可供數(shù)量。在外貿書信中放在后面比較普通，如：Do you have any sample available? 你們能給我們寄樣品嗎？5.Quotationquotation 做“報價”解

7、時，常與動詞make, send, give 等連用：Please make (send, give) us your lowest quotation.另外，還可以用let us have 的結構：Please let us have your lowest quotation.“quotation”后面常跟介詞for，然后接所報的商品，在少數(shù)情況下，買方提及賣方的報價時用of。向對方請求報價時，必用for: Please make us your lowest quotation for Chinese Folding Fans.請報中國折扇最低價。提到對方報來的價，即已形成了的報價用of

8、: Your quotation of Chinese Folding Fans is too high to be acceptable.你方中國折扇報價太高，不能接受。6. to be indebted to sb. for sth.to be indebted to somebody for something 是這種句式基本語序，但在實踐中，如果somebody是一個比較長的短語，為了使整個句子讀起來更通順，更容易理解，就可以把它挪到句尾：to be indebted to somebody for something. 如We are indebted for your addres

9、s to the Commercial Counselor's Office of the Algerian Embassy in Beijing. 我們得知你公司的地址，要感謝阿爾及利亞駐北京大使館商贊處。在這里，要感謝的人是the Commercial Counselor's Office of the Algerian Embassy in Beijing. 阿爾及利亞駐北京大使館商贊處，這是個比較長的短語，所以放在句尾。7.inform/adviseThey have informed us that該處已經(jīng)告知我們Inform 做通知講時，可與advise換用。常用結

10、構：a. 賓語后接of短語: in form (advise) somebody of something. 不過近來國外來信有省略介詞of的現(xiàn)象。We shall in form (advise) you (of) the date of shipment.我們將把裝運日期通知你方。b. 賓語后接從句 inform (advise) somebody + that/what/which: We wish to inform (advise) you that business has been done at US$110 per metric ton. 我們已經(jīng)以每公噸110美元的價格成交

11、，特此告知。 c.茲通知(你們)Please be informed (advised) that: Please be informed (advised) that we have already sent the samples requested. 茲通知你方，我方已經(jīng)將所索樣品寄出。注意：如果省略賓語(人稱代詞)則不宜使用inform。如：Please advise the name of steamer. 請告知船名。Please advise what quantity you can sell a year.請告知每年可銷售的數(shù)量。在這種情況下，不能用inform,只能用adv

12、ise。in the market for somethingin the market for something 是書面語言，表示想買進某物。如課文中：You are in the market for Chemicals. 你公司要購買化工產(chǎn)品。除此以外，in the market for something 也可以引申于“樂于接受某物”。如：I'm always in the market for good new ideas.我總是樂于接受有益的新建議。in the market 是想要買(或賣)的意思。如：Please advise us when you are in t

13、he market.當你們想要買(或賣)時，請告知我們。In the market 還可以做“上市，出售，可以買到”解，同on the market可以相互替代。如：This is the best article on the market.這是市場上可以買到的最好的商品。 又如：The article will be on the market.商品本周就會上市。其他一些在商業(yè)中會用到的market詞組：at the market 主要用于交易所，意思是：照市價，照當前最好的行情。bring to market, put on the market, come into the marke

14、t 都可以用來表示：在市場上出售，投放市場。如：The new color TV will come into the market soon. 新型彩色電視機不久將投放市場。lose one's market 失去做買賣的機會。如：We don't want to lose our market by sticking to have it at the market price. 我們不想因為堅持按市價購進而失去做買賣的機會。price out of the market (商品)定價過高而無人購買。如：If you don't accept a low profi

15、t, you'll price yourself right out of the market. 如果你不同意降低利潤，就只有漫天要價無人問津了。8.Encloseenclose 是動詞，表示“封入”。商業(yè)信件中常有在 enclose后加herewith的，如We enclose herewith a copy of our price list. 但最好不用，因enclose與herewith在意義上重復。表示附在某封信內，用介詞with 或 in: Please refer to the price list enclosed with (or: in) our letter o

16、f August 5. 請查閱8月5去信所附的價目表。過去分詞enclosed作表語時，常倒裝置于句首。如A copy of our Export List are enclosed. 在課文中將enclosed 倒裝：Enclosed herewith is a copy of our Export List 現(xiàn)隨函附寄我公司出口商品表一份。過去分詞enclosed作賓語補足語時，也常倒裝置于句首或置于謂語動詞之后：Enclosed please find a copy of our price list. (或 Please find enclosed a copy of our pric

17、e list.) 隨函附寄我公司價目表一份。過去分詞enclosed可作名詞，前面加定冠詞：We believe you will find the enclosed interesting. 我們相信你們對所附之件會感興趣。9.Requirementsrequirement 表示需要時，常用單數(shù)，后接介詞of: We have noted your requirement of samples and catalogues.我們已經(jīng)注意到你們需要樣品和商品目錄。表示需要的貨物或需要量時常用復數(shù)，后接介詞for或of: We can meet your requirements for Wal

18、nut meat.我們可以滿足你方對核桃仁的需要。Please let us know your annual requirements of Walnuts.請告知你方對核桃的年需求量。 注意：表示滿足需要，除meet外，還可以用satisfy, fill, supply 等動詞。10.Promoteto promote both business and friendship促進業(yè)務和友誼； 可替代的用法是：to promote friendship as well as business 。11.trade in sth 和trade with sb.in our trade with

19、customers in the Asian-African countries我們在同亞非國家的客戶進行貿易時；trade 做動詞用時，表示“從事貿易，做生意，經(jīng)營”。注意：和某人做貿易接with， 經(jīng)營某項商品接in. 如：They trade mainly in cotton piece goods.他們主要經(jīng)營棉布。結尾語We look forward to your favourable reply. 盼佳音。通常我們以“盼早復”“盼佳音”等來結束此類信件。詢函要點：第一要點：感謝對方來信，第二要點：寫信人的要求，第三要點：訂購條件，第四要點：結束語。復習重點1.Quote與quot

20、ation 相對應的動詞是 quote. 做報價解時的基本結構是：quote sb a price for sth: Please quote us your lowest price for walnuts.請向我方報核桃價。有時不說以介詞for短語表示的商品，就成為quote sb a price: Please quote us your lowest price. 請向我方報最低價。有時只要直接賓語，而省略其它部分就成為quote a price: Please quote your lowest price.2.Happen to這一結構和動詞連用，可以用來強調一件事是偶然發(fā)生的。如

21、：I happen to know your are wrong. 但這一結構和名詞連用，則表示“臨到頭上”。如：If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他遭到什么意外，請通知我。另外，happen to 也常與if 與should連用。If (Should) you happen to pass a breaker's, pick me up a brown loaf, would you? 如果你碰巧經(jīng)過面包店，請給我?guī)б粋€黑面包。3.Desire desire n./v. 期望，渴望；要求，請求(比wish強烈)4.Informati

22、onInformation n. 消息，報道(不可數(shù)名詞，后常接介詞on或about, 也可以接regarding或concerning)We shall be glad to receive more information on (or: about) this matter. 我們愿得到有關此事的更多的消息。 All necessary information 一切必要的情況.此句中提到的catalog 與sample books 在商業(yè)書信中都屬于information的范圍。Catalogue n. 目錄(本)目錄本適用于一般商品，列名詳細規(guī)格及商品號碼等，有繪畫、照片或圖表者，稱為

23、illustrated catalogue. 單頁的商品說明書稱為leaflet. Sample books 樣品本 把布匹、紙張等各種花樣，圖案的小塊剪樣(sample cuttings)裝訂成一本，注明商品號碼，稱為樣品本，寄供客戶選購之用。5.Acquaintso as to acquaint us with the material and workmanship of your supplies. 以便我公司熟悉你公司供貨的質地和工藝。Acquaint sb. with sth. 等于 inform sb. of sth. ; tell sb. Sth.6.Supplysupply

24、可以用作名詞，也可以用作動詞。Supply 作名詞用時表示“供應”或“供應的貨物”。在使用中要注意： a.作名詞用: 表示抽象的概念以及一些習語中時，常用單數(shù):Supply now exceeds demand on our market.目前我方市場供過于求。The goods are in short (scarce, light, free, abundant, ample) supply. 該貨現(xiàn)供應短缺(稀少，量少，量大，豐富，充分)。表示具體概念時，用單復數(shù)都可以：We are replenishing supply (or: supplies ). 我們正在補充貨源。 Buyer

25、s require additional supply (or: supplies) of wood oil. 買主要求再供應些桐油。b.作動詞用：要注意句型：- We can supply you with all kinds of leather shoes. - We can supply all kinds of leather shoes. - We believe we shall be able to supply your requirements.Intendintend 打算，是正式用語, 指“心里已有做某事的目標或計劃”, 含有“行動堅決”之意, 如: I intende

26、d to write to you.我要給你寫信。mean 也含有“想做某事”的意思，可與 intend互換, 但強調“做事的意圖”, 較口語化, 如: I mean to go to bed earlier tonight.今晚 我想早些睡覺。另外類似的詞還有propose，指“公開明確地提出自已的目的或計劃”, 如:I proposed to speak for an hour.我想講一小時。Appreciateappreciate指對表示感激、感謝。如：I really appreciate your help.我真的很感激你的幫助。報盤要點：第一要點：提及對方的來信，并指出要報盤的商品

27、，第二要點：詳細說明主要的交易條件，如規(guī)格、數(shù)量、包裝、價格、交貨期、及支付條件等，第三要點：期望進一步的合作。復習重點1.under separate coverunder separate cover表示“另封郵寄”，對應于enclose。Enclose表示“隨函附寄”。除了under separate cover 還可以用by separate mail, by separate post ; 或by another mail, by another post注意：這幾個詞意思完全一樣，但搭配不同。2.Offer在國際貿易中，可作報價解的除quote與quotation外，還有一個常用詞

28、，即offer. Offer作報盤解時，既可作名詞用，也可作動詞用。Offer作名詞用時，常與動詞make, send, give等連用，后接介詞for或on, 或of, 接 for最普通，接on較少見，買方提及賣方的報盤時，即說到對方已報某貨的盤或某數(shù)量的盤時，常用of。如：Please make (send, give) us an offer for (或 on) Walnuts. Your offer of wood oil is too high.(當然，在這若用for或on也對，但用of較好)。 Offer做動詞時，可以不及物，如： We will offer as soon as

29、 possible. 我方將盡早報盤。也可以及物。作及物動詞用時，賓語可以是人，可以是物，也可以有雙賓語。 We hope to be able to offer you next week. 我們希望能于下周某一天向你方報盤。We can offer various kinds of cotton piece goods. 我們能報盤各式各樣的棉布。 We can offer you Iron Nails at attractive prices. 我們能以具有吸引力的價格向你報盤鐵釘。嚴格講quote/quotation 與 offer不同，quote/quotation是報價，指某一商品

30、的單價，offer是報盤，除單價外，還包括數(shù)量，交貨期，付款方式等等。另外，offer比較固定，賣方價格報出后，一般不能輕易變動，而quote/quotation則不同，賣方報價后，不受約束，可以根據(jù)情況略加調整。盡管有區(qū)別，但各國商人則往往把這兩個詞混用。這一點要特別注意。另外，在使用時，還應注意下列習慣用法：Please offer us 500 Bicycles CIF London. Please quote us your lowest price for 500 Bicycles CIF London. 注意：動詞quote 的基本用法：to quote sb. a price f

31、or sth. 動詞 offer 的基本用法：to offer sb. sth.3.In due coursein due course 是商業(yè)書信中的成語，有時用副詞duly，意指情況正常按時到達。4.At sellers/buyers optionat sellers option 表示由賣方?jīng)Q定，而at buyers option 則表示由買方?jīng)Q定。Acceptable，Accept, Acceptanceacceptable 是形容詞，可接受的；accept是動詞，接受；acceptance是名詞，接受。在報盤有效期內接受報盤的全部條款，達成交易。我們就說：We accept your

32、 offer of 2 000 kilos black tea. 或：We confirm our acceptance of your offer of 若買方只是說：Your offer is acceptable. We are accepting your offer.都不應理解為業(yè)務已經(jīng)成交，對此必須特別注意，以免在實際業(yè)務中發(fā)生誤會。5.conformationconfirmation 是名詞，表示確認。6.description of an article/name of commodity意思是商品名稱。在商業(yè)書信中，我們常?？梢钥吹皆S多表示商品或貨物的詞匯，如：commodi

33、ty, goods, article, merchandise, cargo, material, item, product, supply, order 等。下面簡單介紹一下這些詞匯的用法：commodity是比較正式的用語，通常指較大范圍的商品，尤其指一個國家的主要商品。Commodity是可數(shù)名詞。goods不是指一件商品，而是統(tǒng)指貨物。Goods永遠是復數(shù)形式，不能與數(shù)詞連用。 Merchandise 也是泛指商品，不特指某一商品，但沒有復數(shù)形式，前面也不可加不定冠詞。article 作商品解時，常常指一種商品，而不是指一類商品，同一種商品而有不同規(guī)格，商品編貨號，常用此詞，如在課文

34、中。Cargo = goods carried in a ship。即船上所載的貨物。如：The steamer sailed with full cargo.該輪滿載起航。 注意這里不能用goods 代替cargo。說與裝運有關的貨物時也可以用cargo, 但不如goods普通。如：We expect to ship the goods (可用cargo) in a few days。 如果不是在船上的貨物，又跟裝運沒有關系的貨物，不能用cargo, 如：As soon as the goods (不能用cargo) are available, we will call you. mate

35、rial 一般指作原料用的商品。item 名詞item本義是“項目”，但在商業(yè)函件中常用來代表前面提到的貨物，如：We note your are interested in walnut meat but regret to advise that this item is not available at present. 尤其在介紹目錄中的商品項目時常用此詞，如：You can buy these items through the catalogue. 你能從目錄中買到這些項目。product 指產(chǎn)品。7.terms of payment 支付條件。外貿中常用的支付方式有3種： (1)

36、 Remittance: Mail Transfer (M/T), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T),Demand Draft (D/D) (2) Documentary Collection: a. Documents against payment (D/P): Documents against payment at sight (D/P sight), Documents against payment after sight (D/P after sight) b. Documents against acceptance (D/A) (3) L/C: 信用證是可

37、數(shù)普通名詞，單數(shù)為(a)letter of credit, 復數(shù)為 letters of credit； 但在商業(yè)書信中常作大寫，單數(shù)為(a)Letter of Credit, 復數(shù)為 Letters of Credit；且常用大寫縮寫，單數(shù)為(an)L/C，復數(shù)為Ls/C。此外，商業(yè)書信有時也用credit一個詞表示信用證，復數(shù)為credits. 開立信用證，最普通的是open an L/C，比較正式的說法是establish an L/C，從銀行的角度可以說issue an L/C。改證是 amend an L/C。展證是extend an L/C。關于信用證的常用詞組：即期信用證：let

38、ter of credit available by draft at sight, letter of credit payable against draft at sight, letter of credit available by sight draft, letter of credit payable against sight draft, sight L/C (在商業(yè)書信中常用)；遠期信用證: usance L/C, time L/C, term L/C. 注意: 見票后多少天支付的說法很多, 常見的有: L/C available by draft at 30 days

39、after sight 見票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days after sight 見票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days after sight 見票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days after sight 見票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days 見票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days 見票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days 見票后30天付款。其他: confirmed L/C 保兌信用證，irrevocable L/C 不可撤消信用證，documentary

40、 L/C 跟單信用證，transferable and divisible L/C 可轉讓與可分割信用證，revolving L/C 循環(huán)信用證，back to back L/C 背對背信用證，reciprocal L/C 對開信用證。另外，當數(shù)量條款定有溢短裝條款時,付款條件中也應有所反映:Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight. The L/C should include a clause 5% more or less for both the quantity and the amount al

41、lowed.保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證付款。信用證必須包括裝貨數(shù)量和總值都有5%溢短的條款。Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C, allowing 5% more or less both in amount and in quantity.保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證, 數(shù)量和總值均允許5%溢短。此外，付款條件的替代用法很多：Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable at sight against presentation of shipping documents in China. 保兌的、不可撤銷

42、的信用證, 憑裝運單據(jù)在中國即期支付。Payment (payment has to be made by) : By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight which should reach us at least one month before the shipping date, and should remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment. 保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證, 至遲應在裝運期前一個

43、月開達我方，在中國支付，信用證有效期至裝運期后15天止。For payment, please arrange for an irrevocable letter of credit, valid until June 30, to be opened in our favour with the ABC Bank.關于付款，請安排由ABC銀行開立以我方為受益人，有效期至6月30日截止的不可撤銷的信用證。Payment should be made under an irrevocable letter of credit which is to be opened in our favour

44、 within a week after the date of your order.付款條件，在你方定貨后一個星期內開立以我方為受益人的，不可撤銷的信用證。8.價格合同中的價格條款包括單價(price)和總值(amount)。表示單價用介詞at.合同中的單價條款包括4個部分：計價貨幣、計量單位、貿易術語、單位價格金額。報價時，這4個部分一定要完整，缺一不可。凡價格中不包括傭金或折扣的，即是凈價。有時為了明確說明成交的價格是凈價，在價格術語后可加注“凈價”(NET)字樣。例如：US$ 35 per dozen F.O.B net Shanghai 每打F.O.B.凈價上海35美元。Subje

45、ct to:subject to視而定，以為條件。如：This offer is subject to your reply being received by September 1.本盤9月1日前復到有效。This offer is subject to prior sale.本盤以先賣為準。This offer is subject to the goods being unsold.本盤以貨物未售出為準。To be in a position toto be in a position to 表示能夠，是外貿書信中常用的成語，與can和to be able to是同義詞。To be d

46、esirousto be desirous表示渴望?？梢越硬欢ㄊ蕉陶Z：We are desirous to establish ；也可以加of接動名詞：We are desirous of establishing trade relations with you.By returnby return表示立即，收信后立即回信，是書信中常見的成語，只是這成語有點陳舊。還盤：1.usual termsusual terms 表示按慣常條款。除了課文中的用法“offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long to

47、n CFR Shanghai, usual terms按慣常條款給我方50長噸標題貨物報盤”。 也可以用terms as usual 代替usual terms, 用on, according to, under 代替逗號。如： , offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long ton CFR Shanghai on (according to, under ) usual terms (terms as usual). , 按慣常條款給我方50長噸標題貨物報盤。因價格高而不能接受報盤our end-u

48、sers here find your price too high and out of line with the prevailing market level.我方用戶認為你方價格過高，與現(xiàn)行市場行情不一致。在談到價格高低時，可以用price, 也可以用quotation。如：We find your quotation too high to be acceptable. Prevailing的意思是“流行的”，level的本義是水平，常常被引申為價格(水平)。如：Business is hopeful if your reduce your level. 如果你方能夠降低價格，成交

49、有望。又比如：to sell something at your level. 按你方價格出售某物。或to sell something at our level. 按我方價格出售某物。prevailing market level 是指現(xiàn)行行市。out of line with表示“與不相符合”。out of line with the prevailing market level是指與現(xiàn)行行市不相符合。類似用法：Your counteroffer is not up to the present market level.你方的還價不符合現(xiàn)行的市場水平。Your price is not

50、 on a level with the current market.你方價格與當前的市場水平不相吻合。Your counteroffer is not at all in keeping with the current rate.你方還價不符合現(xiàn)行的價格水平。注意，與不相符合是out of line with ，而要說與相符合則是 in line with 如： While our price is in line with the prevailing international market rate, we are not in a position to consider any

51、 concession in our price, much to our regret.我們所報的價格完全符合當前國際市場行情，歉難在價格上作任何折讓。另一種常見的表達法為in compliance with。 如：Our quotation is in compliance with the present level. 我們所報價格符合當前市場水平。2.reply 和answer:reply 和answer這兩個詞都是既可以作名詞，又可以作動詞。在商業(yè)函電中，常用reply，不常用answer。作為名詞 answer和 reply 都接介詞to，如：an answer to a lett

52、er, a reply to a letter。作為動詞，answer既可以用作及物動詞，又可以用作不及物動詞。因此，to answer a letter 和 to answer to a letter都可以說，當然前者比較普遍。 Reply用作“答復”解釋時，只可以作為不及物動詞用。因此，可以說to reply to a letter, 不可以說reply a letter。謝絕還盤：On the high side談論價格高到什么程度：Your price is a bit high. 你方價格有點高。Your price is on the high side. 你方價格偏高。Your

53、price is excessive. 你方價格過高。Your price is rather high. 你方價格相當高。Your price is too high. 你方價格太高。Your price is prohibitive. 你方價格高得令人望而卻步。Your price is high. 你方價格高。這是說價格高，而價格低可以說：Your price is low. 你方價格低。Your price is on the low side. 你方價格偏低。Your price is too low. 你方價格太低。我們還常說：Your price is competitive.

54、你方價格有競爭力。Your price is acceptable. 你方價格可接受。Your price is reasonable. 你方價格是合理的。Your price is attractive. 你方價格有吸引力。Your price is unreasonable. 你方價格不合理。Your price is unworkable. 你方價格做不開。Your price is impracticable. 你方價格不可行。Your price is infeasible. 你方價格行不通。Your price is realistic. 你方價格不現(xiàn)實。在這種情況下，既可以指價格

55、高，又可以價格低，需要視情況而定。一般說，出自買方之口指高，賣方之口指低。To the extent: to the extent表示到達這樣的程度。For your information: for your information=for your reference 是供你方參考的意思。但如果遇到嚴肅的事，就不宜用這一短語。See our way (clear): see our way clear 是設法的意思，clear在這里可以用，也可以省略。keep us posted (informed, advised) of developments at your end: 意思是：請隨

56、時告知你處情況的發(fā)展(變化)。除了用at the end, 還可以用：類似用法還有：in your place; in your region; in your area; in your market; in your city; ; on your side;等等。確認定貨與謝絕定貨：reduce & reduction: reduce 是動詞，reduction 是名詞，后面接介詞in，意思是減低、減少。減價還可以用cut。如：In order to close this deal we shall further reduce (cut) our price. We have made 8% reduction in our price. 另外，減到某一程度用bring down to，如：We bring down our price to the level you indicated in your letter of August 5. 略減用shade，如：We shade our price.Referring to: referring