1、新概念第一冊(cè)學(xué)習(xí)筆記四Lesson 101 A card from Jimmy詞匯Scotland n. 蘇格蘭（英國）card n. 明信片youth n. 青年hostel n. 招待所，旅館（簡易的）association n. 協(xié)會(huì)soon adv. 不久write(wrote, written) v. 寫card n. 明信片a birthday card 生日卡片a new year card 新年賀卡hostel n. 招待所，旅館（簡易的）hotel：賓館，設(shè)施比較好的旅店inn：（尤指鄉(xiāng)村或公路邊的）旅館，小客棧motel：汽車旅館soon adv. 不久 adv. 不久So

2、on she would have to resign. 她不久就得辭職了。 adv. 早；快Why are you leaving so soon?He came sooner than we expected. 他來得比我們預(yù)料的快。write(wrote, written) v. 寫 v. 寫，書寫She writes legibly. 她筆跡清楚。 v. 寫信Ill write to you soon. 我會(huì)盡快給你寫信的。 v. 寫作；作曲；當(dāng)作家He started to write for the stage. 他開始成為一名劇作家。He soon finished writin

3、g a symphony.語法反意疑問句：概念：詢問某種情況是否真實(shí)，或者別人是否同意自己。結(jié)構(gòu)：分為兩部分，逗號(hào)前面為主句；后面為反意疑問句。當(dāng)前面是肯定句時(shí)，后面是否定句；當(dāng)前面是否定句時(shí)，后面是肯定句?；卮疬@種問句要簡略，根據(jù)事實(shí)回答，如果答語本身是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答語本身是否定的，就用No。特點(diǎn)：1、問句的主語與主句的主語一致；2、前后的助動(dòng)詞一致；3、前后的時(shí)態(tài)一致。4、語調(diào)有升有降：升調(diào) - 表示疑問，期待對(duì)方回答；降調(diào) - 語氣確定，不需要回答。Sally can speak French, cant she?Sally cant speak French, can sh

4、e?課文GRANDMOTHER: Read Jimmys card to me please, penny.PENNY: I have just arrive in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel.GRANDMOTHER: Eh?PENNY: He say hes just arrived in Scotland.He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel.You know hes a member of the Y.H.A.GRANDMOTHER: The what?PENNY: The Y.H.A., Mu

5、m.The Youth Hostels Association.GRANDMOTHER: What else does he say?PENNY: Ill write a letter soon.I hope you all well.GRANDMOTHER: What? Speak up. Penny.Im afraid I cant hear youPENNY: He say hell write a letter soon.He hopes we are all well. Love, Jimmy.GRANDMOTHER: Is that all?He doesnt say very m

6、uch, does he?PENNY: He cant write very much on a card, Mum.課文注釋1、the Y.H.A.=the Youth Hostels Association：青年招待所協(xié)會(huì)（青招協(xié)）2、speak up：大聲地說up作副詞用時(shí)可表示強(qiáng)度等的由弱到強(qiáng)、由低到高。Can you get up to that note? 你能唱得到那么高的音嗎？3、Love, Jimmy：愛你的吉米Yours, Jimmy 你的吉米，這是朋友間通信時(shí)常用的結(jié)束語。Lesson 103 The French test詞匯（17）exam n. 考試pass v.

7、及格，通過mathematics n. （maths是縮寫）數(shù)學(xué)question n. （具體的某一個(gè)）問題easy adj. 容易的enough adv. 足夠的paper n. 考卷fail v. 未及格，失敗answer v. 問答mark n. 分?jǐn)?shù)rest n. 其他的東西difficult adj. 困難的hate v. 討厭low adj. 低的cheer v. 振作，振奮guy n. 家伙，人top n. 上方，頂部exam n. 考試exam/examination （綜合性的）考試midterm exam 期中考試final exam 期末考試sham exam 模擬考試e

8、ntrance examination 入學(xué)考試test （單項(xiàng)技能的）考試quiz （臨時(shí)性的）小測驗(yàn)pass v. 及格，通過pass the exam 通過考試I think I passed the exam.pass in + 具體的某一科要通過She thinks she passed in English.question n. （具體的某一個(gè)）問題problem：（抽象）的問題issue 國際爭端，分歧question v. 審訊，質(zhì)問；n.（具體的一個(gè)）問題The policeman is questioning the thieffail v. 未及格，失??；n. 失敗 v

9、. 失??；及格Doctors failed to save the old mans life.He failed his French paper because it was too difficult. v.（身體等）衰退；變?nèi)酰坏蛑xMy eyesight is failing.The flowers failed for lack of sunshine. 花因缺少陽光而凋謝。 v.（后接不定式）不，不能；忘記fail to do something 未能做什么事情I failed to save the boy from the river.I fail to see why you

10、 find it so extraordinary.我不明白為什么你們認(rèn)為它如此與眾不同。He failed to persuade me. 他沒能說服我。answer v. 問答（普通用詞）reply 書面用語repond 正式文體hate v. 討厭 v. 討厭；不喜歡；有反感I hate beef.hate to do sth. 一次性的行為I hate to go out this afternoon.hate doing sth. 不喜歡做I hate playing football with him. v. 憎恨；憎惡He said that he hated hypocrisy

11、. 他說他憎惡虛偽。語法too與enough的用法1、enough的用法一般的程度副詞都應(yīng)放在形容詞或副詞的前面，但是enough必須放在形容詞或副詞的后面。 在形容詞之后使用He failed the exam because it wasnt easy enough.他考試不及格，因?yàn)轭}不夠容易。She is beautiful enough to be a hostess.I can drive quickly enough. 在名詞之前使用He didnt buy the car because he didnt have enough money.他沒買那部車，因?yàn)樗麤]有足夠的錢。

12、可以用在enoughfor sb./ sth.和enoughto do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)之中She hasnt got enough money for a holiday.Shes not old enough to live alone.The wall is low enough for them to climb over.這堵墻矮到如此之程度，以至于他們可以攀越過去。2、too的用法 表示“過于”She couldnt answer the questions because they were too difficult for her. 可以用在toofor sb./sth.結(jié)構(gòu)之中

13、This skirt is too big for me. 可以用在tooto do sth.（太而不能）結(jié)構(gòu)之中Its too far to walk home from here.The wall is too high for them to climb over.這堵墻太高了，他們無法攀越過去。課文GARY: How was the exam, Richard?RICHARD: Not too bad.I think I passed in English and Mathematics.The questions were very easy.How about you, Gary?

14、GARY: The English and Maths papers werent easy enough for me.I hope I havent failed.RICHARD: I think I failed the French paper.I could answer sixteen of the question.They were very easy.But I couldnt answer the rest.They were too difficult for me.GARY: French test are awful, arent they?RICHARD: I ha

15、te them.Im sure Ive got a low mark.GARY: Oh, cheer up! Perhaps we didnt to do badly.The guy next to me wrote his name at the top of the paper.RICHARD: Yes?GARY: Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours!He didnt write a word!課文注釋1、the English and Maths paperspaper這個(gè)詞當(dāng)“試卷”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。2、cheer up

16、 振作起來3、at the top of 在頂端反義詞：at the bottom of 在末端Lesson 104 Too, very, enough詞匯（13）clever adj. 聰明的stupid adj. 笨的cheap adj. 便宜的expensive adj. 貴的fresh adj. 新鮮的stale adj. 變餿的low adj. 低的，矮的loud adj. 大聲的high adj. 高的hard adj. 硬的sweet adj. 甜的soft adj. 軟的sour adj. 酸的clever adj. 聰明的（主要指學(xué)習(xí)能力）bright 伶俐intellige

17、nt 智商高smart 精明shrewd 洞察力wise 知識(shí)廣博，有智慧talented 聰明的，通過能力獲得的才能gifted 有天賦的stupid adj. 笨的silly 智力低下；昵稱fool v. 愚弄；n. 傻瓜，笨蛋April fools day 愚人節(jié)cheap adj. 便宜的（價(jià)格低而且質(zhì)量也不好）inexpensive adj. 物美價(jià)廉expensive adj. 貴的（對(duì)于購買者的購買能力而言）costly 奢侈的，是真的豪華的dear 物以稀為貴priceless 無價(jià)的Lesson 105 Full of mistakes詞匯（5）spell v. 拼寫 (sp

18、elt, spelt)intelligent adj. 聰明的，有智慧的mistake n. 錯(cuò)誤present n. 禮物dictionary n. 詞典spell v. 拼寫 (spelt, spelt)Can you spell your name?I want you to spell your name.How to spell the word?mistake n. 錯(cuò)誤mistake 比較一般的錯(cuò)誤，認(rèn)識(shí)不足，理解不對(duì)make a mistakeI often make a mistake in the exam.She always makes some mistakes in

19、 the homework.error 沒有按照既定的程序、規(guī)定犯的錯(cuò)誤fault 側(cè)重于責(zé)任Its my fault.present n.（?。┒Y物humble present 區(qū)區(qū)薄禮at present 目前gift 禮物（比較貴重）語法動(dòng)詞不定式在英語中，當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞被另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞緊跟時(shí)，它們之間必須加不定式符號(hào)（to），to是小品詞。不定式符號(hào)后面的動(dòng)詞只能是原形，而不能是過去式或分詞形式。動(dòng)詞不定式可做除了謂語之外的所有句子成分。結(jié)構(gòu)： 不定式作動(dòng)詞的賓語：V+ to V原 V+ 名詞/賓格代詞+ to V原不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not。to +名/代/Ving to為介詞課文

20、THE BOSS: Wheres Sandra, Bob? I want her.BOB: Do you want to speak to her?THE BOSS: Yes, I do.I want her to come to my office.Tell her to come at once.SANDRA: Did you want to see me?THE BOSS: Ah, yes, Sandra.How do you spell intelligent?Can you tell me?SANDRA: I-N-T-E-L-L-I-G-E-N-T.THE BOSS: Thats r

21、ight. Youve typed it with only one L.This letters full of mistakes.I want you to type it again.SANDRA: Yes, Ill do that.Im sorry about that.THE BOSS: And heres a little present for you.SANDRA: Whats it?THE BOSS: Its a dictionary. I hope itll help you.課文主釋1、How do you spell? 詢問某個(gè)單詞或某人的姓名如何拼寫的常用句型。Les

22、son 106 I want you/him/them to詞匯（3）carry v. 攜帶correct v. 改正，糾正keep v. 保存，保留correct v. 改正，糾正 v. 改正；糾正Please correct me if Im wrong.I spent the whole morning correcting exam papers.我花了整個(gè)上午的時(shí)間批改試卷。 v. 校正；矯正Let me correct my watch first.This pair of glasses will correct your eyesight problem.Lesson 107

23、Its so small.詞匯（7）madam n. 夫人，女士smart adj. 漂亮的as well 同樣suit v. 適于pretty adj. 漂亮的suit v. 適于 v. 適合；適宜于This coat suits me.This coat doesnt suit me at all.One oclock? That does not suit me. 一點(diǎn)鐘？那個(gè)時(shí)間對(duì)我來說不合適。 v. 相稱，相當(dāng)He would not be suit to the job.Blue suits her. 藍(lán)色與她相配。as well 同樣as well=too 多用于口語，一般用于肯

24、定句中I can do it as well.語法形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)則： 一般的形容詞后面直接加er或est 以e結(jié)尾的形容詞后面直接加r或st 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變i，后面加er或est 以短元音加輔音結(jié)尾的形容詞，雙寫輔音，后面加er或est 少數(shù)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的 多音節(jié)形容詞較高比較級(jí)：more，the most較低比較級(jí)：less，the least判斷音節(jié)：如果音標(biāo)中有一個(gè)元音就是單音節(jié)；有兩個(gè)元音就是雙音節(jié)；有多于兩個(gè)元音就是多音節(jié)。2、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法比較級(jí)只用于兩者之間，通常與than連用。形容詞比較級(jí)之

25、所指如果很清楚，也可以獨(dú)立存在；最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上。形容詞的最高級(jí)在使用時(shí)必須加定冠詞，并常伴有一個(gè)表示范圍的介詞短語或從句。longlonger（than）longest（be+ the longest+ 表示范圍的短語或從句）This is the longest river I have ever seen.課文ASSISTANT: Do you like this dress, madam?LADY: I like the colour very much.Its lovely dress, but its too small for me.ASSISTANT: What abo

26、ut this one?Its lovely dress. Its very smart.Short skirts are in fashion now.Would you like to try it?LADY: All right.Im afraid this green dress it too small for me as well.Its smaller than the blue one.I dont like the colour either.It doesnt suit me at all.I think the blue dress is prettier.LADY: C

27、ould you show me another blue dress?I want a dress like that one, but it must be my size.ASSISTANT: Im afraid I havent got a larger dress.This is the largest dress in the shop.課文注釋1、Short skirts are in fashion now.be in fashion 時(shí)髦，流行2、Would you like to try it?Would you like? 你愿意嗎？（用于表示委婉的請(qǐng)求或提議）would

28、 like sth.I would like some apples.Would you like some apples?would like to do sth.I would like to have some apples.Would you like to have some apples?Could you ?用在表示請(qǐng)求，比Can you?更委婉。Could you tell me the way to the post office?Lesson 108 How do they compare?compare v. 比較，對(duì)照The article compares the d

29、ifferent features of imported cars on the market.這篇文章比較了市場上進(jìn)口汽車的不同特點(diǎn)。Compare to our little garden, his garden seemed like a park.Lesson 109 A good idea詞匯（8）idea n. 主意a little 少許teaspoonful n. 一滿茶匙的less adj. 較少的，更少的a few 幾個(gè)pity n. 遺憾instead adv. 代替advice n. 建議，忠告idea n. 主意idea 含義較廣，主意，想法，各種看法I have a

30、 good idea.opinion 對(duì)某事具體的看法、觀點(diǎn)、想法in ones opinion 在我看來thought 成系統(tǒng)的思想view 側(cè)重個(gè)人意見viewpoint 觀察視點(diǎn)a little 少許a few 幾個(gè)a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定含義；little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定含義I have a little milk.I have little milk.a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定含義；few 修飾可數(shù)名詞，表示否定含義She has a few friends.可數(shù)名詞的多與少，用many與few來表達(dá)；不可數(shù)名詞的多與少，則用much與little

31、來表達(dá)。instead adv. 代替 adv. 作為替代Im tired and cant attend the meeting; you could go instead.She did not want to go to the university. Instead, she decided to become a singer. adv. 代替，而不是(of)She wanted to have milk instead of juice.She prefers buying books instead of borrowing them from the library.她寧可買書

32、而不愿到圖書館去借。advice n. 建議，忠告（不可數(shù)名詞）；v. 建議a piece of advice 一條建議take ones advice 聽眾某人的建議Youd better take my advice next time.follow ones advice 采納某人的建議advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事I advice you to stop smoking.smoke v. 抽煙 v. 抽（紙煙、煙斗等）He smokes cigars. 他抽雪茄。 v. 冒煙；冒霧氣She could see a chimney smoking in the

33、 nearby village.她可以看到附近村子里的煙囪在冒煙。 v. 熏制（魚肉等）Do you know how to smoke hams? 你知道如何熏制火腿嗎？課文CHARLOTTE: Shall I make some coffee, Jane?JANE: Thats a good idea, Charlotte.CHARLOTTE: Its ready. Do you want any milk?JANE: Just a little, please.CHARLOTTE: What about some sugar?Two teaspoonfuls?JANE: No, less

34、 than that.One and a half teaspoonfuls, please.Thats enough for me.JANE: That was very nice.CHARLOTTE: Would you like some more?JANE: Yes, please.Id like a cigarette, too.May I have one?CHARLOTTE: Of course.I think there are a few in that box.JANE: Im afraid its empty.CHARLOTTE: What a pity!JANE: It

35、 doesnt matter.CHARLOTTE: Have a biscuit instead.Eat more and smoke less!JANE: Thats very good advice!課文注釋1、Shall I make some coffee, Jane?make some coffee 煮咖啡I will make some coffee for you.Shall I(we) do something?Shall we stay at home?2、One and a half teaspoonfuls, please.在英語中，比1大的東西，即使比2小，也需要用復(fù)數(shù)

36、表示。3、It doesnt matter. 沒關(guān)系。4、What a pity! 真遺憾。英語中常用“What a+可數(shù)名詞”和“What +不可數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示感嘆。5、Ive ever seen. 我所見過的。Lesson 110 How do they compare?詞匯（5）most adj. 最多的（many, much的最高級(jí)）least adj. 最小的，最少的（little的最高級(jí)）best adj. 最好的（good的最高級(jí)）worse adj. 更壞的（bad的比較級(jí)）worst adj. 最壞的（bad的最高級(jí)）Lesson 111 The most expens

37、ive model詞匯（6）model n. 型號(hào)，式樣afford v. 付得起deposit n. 預(yù)付定金instalment n. 分期付款price n. 價(jià)格millionaire n. 百萬富翁afford v. 付得起（錢）；騰出時(shí)間 v. 買得起；付得起（錢）I like this model, but I cant afford it.We are not rich enough to afford a car. v. 擔(dān)負(fù)得起（時(shí)間等）I feel I cant afford any more time on this project.We cant afford suc

38、h enormous fees. 我們無法負(fù)擔(dān)如此巨額的費(fèi)用。Can you afford two days for me? 你能夠?yàn)槲因v兩天時(shí)間嗎?deposit n. 預(yù)付定金 n. 預(yù)付定金；押金；保證金He put down a deposit on the house yesterday. 昨天他付了房子的定金。pay a deposite of 付錢定金You must pay deposit of 100 and then 20 a month for three years.Youll have to pay a deposit of $60 to reserve the ro

39、om.要預(yù)定這個(gè)房間，你需交付60美金的押金。 v. 存放；存儲(chǔ)We were advised to deposit our valuables in the bank safe.別人建議我們將自己的貴重物品存放在銀行的保險(xiǎn)箱里。 v. 付（保證金）；預(yù)付（定金）I deposited $1500 on a new car.instalment n. 分期付款buy sth. on instalments 分期付款買I want to buy a house on instalments this year.price n. 價(jià)格price 物體或人內(nèi)在的價(jià)值a good price 物美價(jià)廉

40、standard market price 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的市場價(jià)priceless adj. 無價(jià)的，極貴重的value 根據(jù)用途來判斷的價(jià)值worth 物質(zhì)的真正價(jià)值語法形容詞的平級(jí)比較級(jí)：形容詞的比較形式有三種：較高比較級(jí)（more expensive，the most expensive）；較低比較級(jí)（less expensive，the least expensive）；平級(jí)比較級(jí)（as expensive as）。asas 像一樣The green apple is as sweet as the red one.not asas（not soas）不像一樣，可以用來進(jìn)行比較，意思是放在前面

41、的人或物在程度上低于后面的人或物。I dont know as many people as you do.Its not as good as the expensive one 它不如那種價(jià)格高的好課文MR. FRITH: I like television very much.How much does it cost?ASSISTANT: Its the most expensive model in the shop.It costs five hundred pounds.MR. FRITH: Thats too expensive for us.We cant afford al

42、l that money.ASSISTANT: This models less expensive than that one.Its only three hundred pounds.But, of course, its not as good as the expensive one.MR. FRITH: I dont like the model.The other models more expensive, but its worth the money.MR. FRITH: Can we buy it on instalments?ASSISTANT: Of course.Y

43、ou can pay a deposit of thirty pounds, and then fourteen pounds a month for three years.MR. FRITH: Do you like it, dear?MRS. FRITH: I certainly do, but I dont like the price.You always want the best, but we cant afford it.Sometimes you think youre a millionaire!MR. FRITH: Millionaires dont buy thing

44、s on instalments!Lesson 113 Small change詞匯conductor n. 售票員fare n. 車費(fèi)，車票change v. 兌換note n. 紙幣passenger n. 乘客none pron. 沒有任何東西neither adv. 也不get off 下車tramp n. 流浪漢except prep. 除外change v. 兌換 v. 兌換I want to change the pounds into dollars.Could you change me a one-pound note, please?能否請(qǐng)你換一鎊的零錢給我？ v. 改變

45、；更改This plan is to change the desert into farmland.這個(gè)計(jì)劃是要將沙漠變?yōu)檗r(nóng)田。 v. 交換；改換Youve got to change your bus at the next stop.你得在下一站換車。none pron. 沒有任何東西none代詞，只能獨(dú)立使用，不能修飾別的名詞no形容詞，在句中一般修飾別的名詞not否定副詞notany =noI have got some envelops.I havent got any envelops.I have got no envelops.I have got none.except p

46、rep. 除外（不包括）The shop is open everyday expect Sunday.I like him except when hes gloomy.除了他滿臉陰沉的時(shí)候之外，我挺喜歡他。besides prep. 除之外（包括）There are three girls besides two doys.語法so與neither引導(dǎo)的簡短回答以so或neither開頭的簡短回答，必須用倒裝形式?？隙ň洌簊o+助動(dòng)詞+主語否定句：neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語They can swim. So can I.I cant help you. Neither can they.

47、課文CONDUCTOR: Fares, please!MAN: Trafalgar Square, please.CONDUCTOR: Im sorry, sir. I cant change a ten-pound note.Havent you got any small change?MAN: Ive got no small change, I am afraid.CONDUCTOR: Ill ask some of the passengers.Have you any small change, sir?1st PASSENGER: Im sorry. Ive got none.2

48、nd PASSENGER: I havent got any either.CONDUCTOR: Can you change this ten-pound note, madam?3rd PASSENGER: Im afraid I cant.4th PASSENGER: Neither can I.CONDUCTOR: Im very sorry, sir. You must get off the bus.None of our passengers can change this note.Theyre all millionaires!TWO TRAMPS: Except us.1s

49、th TRAMP: Ive got some small change.2nd TRAMP: So have I.Lesson 115 Knock, Knock!詞匯（10）anyone pron. 任何人knock v. 敲，打everything pron. 一切事物quiet adj. 寧靜的，安靜的impossible adj. 不可能的invite v. 邀請(qǐng)anything pron. 任何東西nothing pron. 什么也沒有l(wèi)emonade n. 檸檬水joke v. 開玩笑impossible adj. 不可能的Its impossible.Thats impossibl

50、e. 那是不可能的。It is possible for sb. to do sth.It is possible for me to pass this exam.It is impossible for sb. to do sth.invite v. 邀請(qǐng) v. 邀請(qǐng)Were inviting our colleagues to the party.我們將邀請(qǐng)我們的同事參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。I hate people who invite themselves. 我討厭不請(qǐng)自來的客人。 v. 請(qǐng)求；要求We invite readers letters for this magazine. 本雜志

51、歡迎讀者來信。The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience.演講者稍停了一下，似乎在期待聽眾們提出問題。joke v. 開玩笑 v. 開玩笑She is only joking with you. v. 取笑Arent you joking me? n. 玩笑；笑話Dont get angry-it was only a joke!The whole thing was a complete joke.課文HELEN: Isnt there anyone at home?JIM: Ill knock agai

52、n, Helen.Everythings very quiet.Im sure theres no one at home.HELEN: But thats impossible.Carol and Tom invited us to lunch.Look through the window.HELEN: Can you see anything?JIM: Nothing at all.HELEN: Lets try the back door.JIM: Look! Everyones in the garden.CAROL: Hello, Helen. Hello, Jim.TOM: Ev

53、erybody wants to have lunch in the garden.Its nice and warm out here.CAROL: Come and have something to drink.JIM: Thanks, Carol.May I have a glass of beer please?CAROL: Beer? Theres none left.You can have some lemonade.JIM: Lemonade!TOM: Dont believe her, Jim.Shes only joking. Have some beer!課文注釋1、L

54、ook through the window.see through 看透I have seen through you. 我已經(jīng)看透你了。2、Theres none left.句中的left是leave的過去分詞，表示“剩下的、沒用完的”，它還常位于不定代詞之后，出現(xiàn)在there is/are結(jié)構(gòu)中。There is nothing left in the refrigerator.Lesson 116 Every, no, any and some詞匯（2）asleep adj. 睡覺，睡著（用作表語）glasses n. 眼鏡every 每一個(gè)everyone 每一個(gè)人everybody 每一個(gè)人（多用于口語中）everything 每件事情everywhere 到處，每個(gè)地方none 沒有no one 沒有人nobody 沒有人nothing 沒什么事情nowhere 不在任何地方any 任何anyone 任何人anybody 任何人anything 任何事情anywhere 任何地方any-用于疑問句與否定句中some 一些s