1、教 案題目（教學(xué)章節(jié)或主題）：授課日期：授課時(shí)間：教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：重要性：典型例題： 1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 3. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going

2、 to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 1. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。 2.which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。 3. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)： (1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which

3、不可。 (2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。 4. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 5. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 總結(jié)：本次教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)：非常滿意 較滿意 一般 家長或?qū)W生簽字 共 小時(shí)本節(jié)課回訪記錄：任課老師簽字： 主任簽字

4、： 日期：講 義學(xué)生： 任課教師： 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Section A.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.reach 作動(dòng)詞1) 到達(dá)，抵達(dá)，等同于arrive in/at或者 get to2) 達(dá)成協(xié)議，得出結(jié)論 Eg: They finally reached an agreement.3) vi. 伸手去拿（某物），后面接介詞for vt. 伸手夠到（某物)Eg: He is reaching for the book, but he cant reach it.作名詞，表示范圍，構(gòu)成以下詞組：out of the reach of sb= out of sbs reach 某人手不能及的地方within the

5、reach of sb= within sbs reach 某人手能及的地方above/ beyond the reach of sb 超出某人能力范圍考題1. He _the ladder while_the apple on the tree.A. fell down; reaching for B. fell down; he reached forC. fell off; he reached for D. fell off; reaching for 2. We shouldnt put the sweets on a high shelf_the childrens reach,

6、but we must keep poison(毒藥)_the childrens reach.A.out of; out of B.out of; within C. within; out of D. within; within2. bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬；使專心，使沉浸；隱藏bury. in. 把埋到/插到里 bury. alive 將活埋 bury oneself in/be buried in 埋頭于，專注于( be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on)Eg: He was buri

7、ed in yard. Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying her head in the book in her hands.(1)He was sitting with his head _in a book.他坐著埋頭看書。buried(2)He walked slowly, his hands _ in his pockets.他走得很慢，兩手插在衣袋里。buried(3)Aft

8、er the divorce, she _ her work.離婚后，她埋頭于工作。 buried herself in3. honour n. & v. 榮譽(yù)；贊譽(yù)常見搭配in honor of 為向.表示敬意；為紀(jì)念.feel/be honoured to do 因做而感到榮耀I(xiàn)t's an honour to do. = have the honor of doing sth 很榮幸做Eg：It's a great honour to receive that prize. We must show honor to our parents.She is an h

9、onour to our school.He was honored for what he had done.honour 用作名詞，在表示“榮譽(yù)”的意思時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，在表示“令人感到榮幸的事或人”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞。4prepare vt.準(zhǔn)備 preparation n. 準(zhǔn)備 prepare sth. 準(zhǔn)備某事(物) prepare sth. for. 為準(zhǔn)備某事(物) prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事 sb be/get (well) prepared for sth./to do sth.為做好了準(zhǔn)備；愿意做某事in preparation for 為準(zhǔn)備 make

10、preparations for 為做好準(zhǔn)備Eg: The Foreign Minister was not prepaed for such questions. The advertising campaign is still in preparation.例題Are you _ the exam? No, I need a few more hours. I still can't remember all the new words.A preparing for Bpreparing Cprepared for DPrepared5. shock vt. & vi.

11、 (使)震驚；震動(dòng) n休克；打擊；震驚be shocked at. 對(duì)感到震驚 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震驚 be shocked that. 對(duì)很震驚shock 意為“令人震驚的人或事”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，其前可以與不定冠詞連用。Eg：The news of his death came as a shock to us all. We were all shocked at the news of his guilty.例題You could easily recognize that he didn't expect your coming here fro

12、m the _ expression on his face. Ashocking Bcurious Cshocked Dangry6. shelter n. 遮蔽處，掩藏，藏身處 take shelter from 躲避. give sb shelter 庇護(hù)某人Eg: They found/ took shelter from the rain in the street.v. 保護(hù)，遮蔽 shelter sth from.= protect sth from.Eg：Trees can shelter the house from the wind.II 詞組考察1as if 仿佛；好像【

13、易錯(cuò)提示】as if ( as though)引導(dǎo)的從句，謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣。即當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。as if/ though +從句 表示虛擬虛擬情況從句時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)Eg：He walks as if he were drunk. The old man treats Tom as if he were his own son. He talked as if he had been to the USA before.例題 Though the girl had bee

14、n suffering from blood disease, she acted as if nothing_to her while facing her friends. A.happened Bhappen Chad happenedDHappens活用 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(1) There are masses of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it _(將要) rain. is going to(2) He talked as if he _(知曉) everything in the world. had known2. rig

15、ht away立刻，馬上表示“立刻，馬上”的短語without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off3.dig out 挖出，發(fā)現(xiàn) 4. die out 滅絕，消失 die off 相繼死去 die form 死于 外因 die of 死于內(nèi)因5. happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 sth happen to sb 某事發(fā)生在某人身上6. be frightened at 對(duì).大吃一驚，受到.的驚嚇 frighten sb into/out of doing sth 恐嚇某人做/不做某事7. In fift

16、een terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。.lie( lay lain) 處于某種狀態(tài);躺，平躺，平臥 平放The whole factory has lain waste for many years. 整個(gè)工廠多年來一直荒蕪在那里。go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落, 敗落 He let the farm go to ruin. 他讓農(nóng)場敗落了。in ruins 荒蕪的,成為廢墟,一般用作表語或狀語An earthquake left the whole to

17、wn in ruins.His career is in ruins .lie/be in ruins 成為廢墟The city _ (成為廢墟）after the war. 口訣:規(guī)則的“撒謊”，不規(guī)則的“躺”，躺過就“下蛋”。 (lie當(dāng)“說謊”用，它的過去式和過去分詞都為lied，而當(dāng)“躺”用時(shí)，它的過去式為“下蛋”即lay) 中文原形過 去 式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說明放置產(chǎn)卵laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺;位于lielaylainlying不及物動(dòng)詞說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞8. All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破滅了。表示“

18、全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容詞如 all, both, every,everybody, always 等和否定副詞 not 連用時(shí)表示部分否定，意為“并非都”。注意：no, none, neither, nobody, nothing 等詞表示完全否定，意為“都不”。精練 根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子(1)不是所有的鳥都會(huì)飛。 All birds _. can not fly(2)沒有人喜歡被嘲笑。 _be laughed at. Nobody likes to9.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠跑出田地，尋找地

19、方躲藏。 (現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨狀語，表示其動(dòng)作與主語謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或與主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。)精練 根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子。(1)他生氣地說著，手指著墻上的布告。He said it angrily,_the notice on the wall. pointing at(2)他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個(gè)問題。 All night long he lay awake, _ the problem. thinking of語法專題 定語從句一、定語從句在句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的名詞或者代詞被稱為先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，

20、關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，它們?cè)谙刃性~和定語從句之間起引導(dǎo)作用，在意義上代替先行詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。其基本解題方法是：第一，找出先行詞；第二，看先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑髦髡Z、賓語、表語或定語時(shí)要用關(guān)系代詞，如果作狀語，則要選用關(guān)系副詞；第三，看先行詞是否為特殊詞，然后根據(jù)需要選用合適的關(guān)系詞。二、定語從句中關(guān)系詞選擇的總體原則1.要與先行詞保持類屬（指人指物）上的一致。2. 要以先行詞在定語從句中（絕不是主句）中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，即所起的作用而定。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語和狀語。3. 要以定語從句的種類而定，是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句?，F(xiàn)列表歸

21、納如下：從句分類指人指物限制性定語從 句主語定語賓語主語定語賓語狀語時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因方式whothatwhosewhowhomthatthatwhichaswhosethatwhichaswhenwherewhy /for whichthat /in which/不填非限制性定語從句whowhosewhowhomwhichaswhosewhichaswhenwhere備注：非限制性定語從句中，指代主句句意時(shí)用which / as,但注意區(qū)分。that不能于非限制性定語從句?？键c(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，which，that和whose，另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代

22、詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。關(guān)系副詞有when，where和why，在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。1who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷浴r Liu is the person (whom) you talked about just now.3which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。The book which he gave me is very interesting.4that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或wh

23、om；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴he is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.5whose可指人或物，修飾名詞或代詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語?！皐hose名詞”可改為“the名詞of which/whom”或“of which/whom the名詞”。The house whose windows are very large is my uncle's.The house of which the windows are very large is my uncle's.whos

24、e 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語來修飾名詞, 其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：whom whomwhose + 名詞= the + 名詞 + of + = of + + the + 名詞which which例：The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.6as可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。1)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞前常有as，the same，so，such修飾，且在從句中作主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，

25、關(guān)系代詞要用as。It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(作work out的賓語)注意：so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已經(jīng)有賓語，that只起連接作用)This is the same village where we spent our childhood.(先行詞作從句

26、中的地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用關(guān)系副詞where；as僅在句子缺少關(guān)系代詞時(shí)使用。)2)as可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句中常用的謂語動(dòng)詞為see，say，hear，expect，know，report等，常譯為“正如，正像”，其引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to us all.通常用于下列句型： as often happened 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as is often the case 這是常有的

27、事；情況常是這樣as is expected 像所期待的那樣as everybody can see 正如人人都明白的那樣as can be seen 正如大家所知道的那樣as is known to all 眾所周知as you know 正如你（們）所知道的那樣例如：(1) As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. (2) He was late for school, as often happened.3)先行詞被the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用as也可用that，但意義不同，

28、前者是“同樣的”，后者是“同一的”。試比較： This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 這是我昨天借給你的那種書。 This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. 這是我昨天借給你的那本書。4) 區(qū)別suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。試比較： They are such lovely children that we love them much. （結(jié)果狀語從句） They are such lovely children as we love much. （定語從句）7when指時(shí)間，在

29、定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞time，day，week，year，month等。常用on which，in which，at which，during which等代替。I still remember the day when (on which) we first met.8where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞?？梢杂谩敖樵~關(guān)系代詞”代替。The house where (in which) he lives is near the river.9why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語?？捎胒or which來替代。why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語

30、從句。Tell me the reason why (for which) you came late.方法技巧： 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞?？键c(diǎn)二關(guān)系代詞必須用that的情況1當(dāng)先行詞是everything，anything，nothing，something，all，none，few，little，some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞被every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。We should do all that is useful to the

31、 people.2先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last等詞修飾時(shí)。This is the last place that I want to visit.3先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best novel that I have ever read.4先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the second time that you told us the story.5當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)。 We talked about the things and persons that we were inter

32、ested in.6以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句中，含有定語從句，為避免重復(fù)時(shí)。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?注意：Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.(即使有最高級(jí)修飾先行詞city，但從句中work為不及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞只作其地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用關(guān)系副詞)因此牢記，前面所述幾種情況已有前提：需要用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，遇到這幾種情況才選用that?？键c(diǎn)三關(guān)系代詞不能用that的情況1在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞只能用指物的which和指人的wh

33、om。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2在非限制性定語從句(即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，若去掉整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語從句)中。 Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.3指人時(shí)，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用who，不用that。 Is there anyone who can answer this question?4先行詞本身是指示代詞that或those時(shí)，關(guān)

34、系代詞應(yīng)用which。What's that which she is looking at?考點(diǎn)四as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1位置不同。which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的 句子后；as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位置較靈活，也就是說as從句可置于所限制的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后。Mike，as you know，is an honest man./Mike is an honest man，as you know./As you know，Mike is an honest man.2先行詞不同。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which引導(dǎo)非限制性

35、定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。As we all know，he is very proud.(先行詞為一個(gè)句子)He was proud，which his brother never was.(先行詞是一個(gè)詞)3意義不同。as一般譯為“正如，就像”；which一般譯為 “這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。John，as you know，is my best friend.正如你所知， 約翰是我最好的朋友。He has been to Paris more than ten times，which I don't believe.他已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。4關(guān)系

36、不同。當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。Tom was late for school，which made his teacher very angry.考點(diǎn)五“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。The person to whom you'll write is Mr Ball.The old man was talking with Mr Smith，in whose hospital I was oper

37、ated on.2“介詞關(guān)系代詞”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代詞及名詞、數(shù)詞等。He has two sons，both of whom were killed in the war.I live in a house，the window of which faces the south.3“介詞關(guān)系代詞to do”為省略形式，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞關(guān)系代詞句子”的形式。The poor man had no house in which to live.The poor man had no house in which he

38、 could live.4“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇可根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配、先行詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定，有時(shí)也需要結(jié)合句意。In the street there wasn't any person to whom she could turn for help.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.5from where 雖為“介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可引導(dǎo)定語從句，where往往指代前面的表示具體位置的介詞短語。He stood on top of the hill

39、，from where he could see the whole village.(where指代on top of the hill，指的是“從山頂那個(gè)地方看”，而不是指“山”)考點(diǎn)六定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)別1定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。二者都跟在名詞后面，區(qū)別是：定語從句修飾先行詞，是對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾限定；同位語從句則是對(duì)前面名詞的解釋說明，是其內(nèi)容。同位語從句前的名詞常為抽象名詞，如：idea，fact，truth，evidence，news，thought等。同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在從句中不作成分，有時(shí)也可以由when，where，how，why，whether，what等詞引

40、導(dǎo)，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。The news that our team won made us excited.(“our team won”是news的內(nèi)容，that不充當(dāng)從句的成分，為同位語從句?？衫斫鉃椋篢he news was that our team won.)The news that he told me was exciting.(he told me 缺少一個(gè)直接賓語，由that充當(dāng)，故為定語從句。不能將其理解為：The news was that he told me.)2定語從句與并列句和簡單句的區(qū)別。區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵是看標(biāo)點(diǎn)和連詞。Our class has sixty stu

41、dents，most of whom study hard.(逗號(hào)后為另一句子，兩個(gè)句子之間要用連接詞whom，此為定語從句)Our class has sixty students，and most of them study hard.(逗號(hào)后為另一句子，且已經(jīng)有并列連詞and，故用them即可，此為并列句)Our class has sixty students. Most of them study hard.(此處為句號(hào)，代表兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的簡單句，故不需要連詞)3定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句前面必有先行詞，而時(shí)間狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句則是作整個(gè)句子的狀語，前面沒有先行詞。Do yo

42、u know the time when he will come back？(定語從句，前面有先行詞time)I will go shopping when he comes back.(時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，前面沒有先行詞)Put the book where it belongs.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句，指的是“放書”的地點(diǎn)，前面無先行詞，因此不能用in which)Put the book in the place where it belongs.(定語從句，前面有先行詞place)4定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別。當(dāng)it is /was后出現(xiàn)表示地點(diǎn)或是時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，其后所接從句是

43、定語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，要看將it is/was和that(可以先假設(shè))去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分)，完整則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。It was Sunday when he came back.(定語從句)It was on Sunday that he came back.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語on Sunday，去掉It was和that后句式完整)考點(diǎn)七幾種特殊情況1當(dāng)先行詞為way，意為“方法、方式”，且在定語從句中作主語、賓語時(shí)，可用關(guān)系代詞which或that；作狀語時(shí)，要用in which 或that或不填任何關(guān)系詞。The way (that/in which) he finis

44、hed the task successfully was difficult to understand.(作狀語)The way that/which he explained to me was not difficult to understand.(作賓語)2當(dāng)先行詞為case，stage，position，point，situation等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，且在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用where 來引導(dǎo)，occasion表時(shí)間時(shí)，用when引導(dǎo)定語從句；表地點(diǎn)，譯為“場合”時(shí)，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。We'll see a case where soft music can help to cure people.3當(dāng)先行詞為time時(shí)，若表示“一段時(shí)間”，后面定語從句用when引導(dǎo)，也可用at/during which；若表示“次數(shù)