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1、中考專題十五S字部(二)1.shoutv.&n.喊,高聲呼叫動(dòng)詞用法:表示“大聲說(shuō),喊叫,呼喊”,shout at sb.對(duì)某人怒吼(帶有憤怒感情色彩); shout to sb.我聽得很清楚,你不必大聲叫喊。對(duì)某人大喊大叫(僅描述大聲叫喊這一動(dòng)作,不帶感情色彩);試比較:I can hear you clearly. There is no need for you to shout to me.He ran up to the driver and began to shout at him.名詞用法:表示“(生氣、疼痛、興奮等的)喊叫(聲)Tom gave a shout of laug

2、hter when he saw them.工工劭(2019,山東卷,短文填空)他跑到司機(jī)那兒,沖他大叫大嚷起來(lái)。,呼叫(聲)”,可以和介詞of連用。例如:湯姆看見(jiàn)他們,發(fā)出一聲大笑。Fairy, he shouted, take away this 47 (terrible) gift! Give me back my little gal!2. show加;疣廠n.表演:展示;展覽(會(huì));顯示; v.給看;出示;顯示 詞形變化:過(guò)去式 showed,過(guò)去分詞 shown/showed名詞詞組:on show在展出;talk show 脫口秀;talent show 才藝表演會(huì);TV sho

3、w電視節(jié)目動(dòng)詞詞組:show up露面;show off 炫耀;show oneself 露面;show sb. around (sth.)帶某人參觀/四處看看 名詞用法:表示“娛樂(lè)表演,演出”,或“(電視、廣播的)節(jié)目”。例如:put on a show 上演節(jié)目表示“展覽(會(huì)): an agricultural show農(nóng)業(yè)展覽會(huì)動(dòng)詞用法:表示“給看,出示“,及物動(dòng)詞, show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth. 。例如:The children proudly showed me their gifts (=showed their gifts to me).孩子1 自

4、豪地給我看他們的禮物。表示指出,指給某人看,可用于 show sb. sth. 或show sb. wh-從句。例如:Show me which picture you drew.指給我看哪張畫是你畫的。(3表示“(提供事實(shí),信息)表明,證明”,及物動(dòng)詞,可直接跟賓語(yǔ),可跟雙賓語(yǔ),可接從句。例如:Numbers showed a 9% increase in the price.數(shù)據(jù)顯示價(jià)格上升了 9%Research has shown us that people want not just low prices.研究告訴我們, 人們需要的不僅僅是低價(jià)格?;騭how sb. wh- 從句結(jié)

5、表示“(通過(guò)示范)教,演示;解說(shuō),可用 show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.構(gòu)。例如:Can you show me how to do it?你能教我怎么做嗎?工 ETia(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)20. A recent surveyshows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars,34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. althoughB. becauseC. if(2019,山東卷,閱讀

6、 A) Listening to music or watching a TVshowat loud volumes can harm yourhearing.3. shut|蘇迂v.關(guān)上;封閉詞形變化:過(guò)去式 shut ,過(guò)去分詞shut關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:shut down 停工,關(guān)閉;shut up 住口 ; shut off 切斷,關(guān)掉;shut out 關(guān)在外面用法:C1表示“(使)關(guān)上,(使)關(guān)閉”,可及物可不及物,常見(jiàn)于 shut (sth.) behind sb. 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: She walked quickly in and shut the door behind her.她快步走

7、進(jìn)來(lái),隨手關(guān)上身后的門。表示“(使)關(guān)門,停止?fàn)I業(yè)”,可指暫時(shí)性或永久地關(guān)門。例如:The post office shuts at 5 o clock.郵局五點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。He lost his job when they shut the factory.他們把工廠關(guān)閉后,他失去了工作。近義詞:close v. 關(guān)閉I皿直31(2019,浙江卷,閱讀 C) Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light.4. sick |出叼adj.有病的,患病的;(想)嘔吐的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:get sick

8、 生病了; sick leave 病假;sick pay 病假工資;be sick of 對(duì)感到厭惡用法:表示“生病的,患病的”,可做表語(yǔ),可做定語(yǔ);sick with 得了病。例如:a sick child生病的孩子;a sick animal 患病的動(dòng)物I have been sick with flu.我感冒了。He saved the child from fire.他把那個(gè)小孩從火里救了出來(lái)。(2 be sick 或feel sick 表示想嘔吐,反胃,惡心,作嘔”。例如:As soon as the ship started moving I began to feel sick.

9、輪船開動(dòng),我就感至U惡心了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:sickness n. 疾病;嘔吐同義詞:ill adj. 生病的E!L奧弗2 2019 , 浙江卷, 閱讀 D) Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick .5. sight|公;菰西n.情景:風(fēng)景;視力關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:at first sight咋一看,初看之下;out of sight看不見(jiàn),在視野之外;lose one s sight失明;at the sight of 一看見(jiàn)就;catch sight of看至L 瞥見(jiàn)用法:表

10、示“視力,視覺(jué)”,例如:Anne s sight is very good for someone of her age.安妮的視力對(duì)于她這個(gè)年齡的人來(lái)說(shuō)算是非常好的。2表示“看到,看見(jiàn)”,指看見(jiàn)的動(dòng)作,多以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),常與 of連用。例如:Just the sight of him made her body shake.一看到他,她就身體顫抖。表示“景物,景象;名勝,景點(diǎn)”,指所見(jiàn)之物。例如:As he reached the front door, he saw a strange sight.他走至U前門,看至U了個(gè)奇怪的景象。 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:sighted adj. 有視力的;sigh

11、tless adj. 盲的,看不見(jiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)單詞:sightseeing n. 觀光,防I覽:go sightseeing 去觀光工現(xiàn)孰(2019,浙江卷,完形)Instead of resting her 3 until it got better, Mrs. Chaplin kept on singing.3. A. sight B. voice C. smell D. hearing6. silent|下氏Iftadi.無(wú)聲的;沉默的用法:指不說(shuō)話,可以表示“沉默的,不語(yǔ)的;remain/stay/keep silent保持沉默;也可以形容“沉默寡言的”性格類型。例如:Hes the sil

12、ent type.他是那種沉默寡言的人。表示“寂靜的,無(wú)聲的”。例如:The large house was old and silent.這幢大房子既老舊又寂靜。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:silence n. 安靜;沉默;silently adv. 安靜地同義詞:quiet adj. 安靜地(2019,浙江卷,完形)I listened silently . Shes such a loser, one girl said.7. similar|萬(wàn);比Sladi.相似的,近似的,類似的;像用法:be similar to=be like 與相似;be similar in 在方面相似。例如:Her idea

13、s are quite similar to mine.她的觀點(diǎn)和我的很相似。The two cars are very similar in size and color.這兩輛汽車大小和顏色都非常相似。近義詞:alike adj.很相似的,相像的:尤指外表或者行為上面特別像;look alike看起來(lái)像。例如:She and her sister look alike.她和她妹妹長(zhǎng)得很像。反義詞:different adj. 不同的(2019, 浙江卷,閱讀 B) Trampolining has benefits similar to those of running, but with

14、out too much stress on knees and ankles.8. simpleI T;比Eladj.簡(jiǎn)單的,簡(jiǎn)易的型直理*用法:d表示“簡(jiǎn)單的,簡(jiǎn)易的;容易的“,與困難、復(fù)雜相對(duì);simple to use/make/operate 使用/制作/操作起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單。例如:Modern cameras are very simple to use.現(xiàn)代照相機(jī)用起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單。表示“簡(jiǎn)樸的,樸素的。例如: simple but delicious food簡(jiǎn)單美味的食物詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:simply adj.簡(jiǎn)單地;簡(jiǎn)直;樸素地;simplicity n. 簡(jiǎn)單;樸素;天真近義詞:easy a

15、dj.簡(jiǎn)單的,容易的;plain adj.家常的,普通的反義詞:difficult adj.困難的E七二 Ml(2019,江蘇卷,完形) The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $ 2 million every year.9. singleadj.單一的,單個(gè)的;單身的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組: single room 單人房; single bed 單人床用法:表示

16、“僅有一個(gè)的,單一的,單個(gè)的”,僅用于名詞前。例如:I couldnt understand a single word she said!她講的東西我一個(gè)字都聽不懂!表示“未婚的,單身的。例如: Are you still single?你還是單身嗎?反義詞:married adj. 已婚的工工不齒,(2019,安徽卷,單項(xiàng)填空)7. 一 Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you? Yes, Id like to a single room for two nights.A. enterB. move C. book D. provide10. situati

17、on|出生Kin.形式.情況,狀況,局面關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:present situation 現(xiàn)狀;general situation 概況;economic situation經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì), 經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況;international situation國(guó)際形勢(shì); political situation 政治局勢(shì)用法:in asituation 處于局面/情況。例如:We have all been in similar situations.我們都遇到過(guò)類似的局面。(2019,浙江卷,完形)2, their economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)situation changed when she became ill

18、 with laryngitis(喉炎)in1894.3, A. AlthoughB. SoC. However D. Besides11. skill尊n.技能,技巧關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:communication skill溝通技巧;writing skill書寫技能;social skill 社交能力用法:尤指通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐獲得的技藝,相當(dāng)于 ability ; skill in/at (doing sht.)表示某方面的技能。例如;His skill at dealing with people got him a nice job.因?yàn)樯瞄L(zhǎng)與人打交道,他得到了一份好工作。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:skilled

19、 adj.熟練的;有技能的; skillful(ly) adj.熟練的,巧妙的;skillfulness n. 靈巧,有技巧 工工:51(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it helps with students health,improves their socialskills .A. either; orB. neither; norC. not only; but also12.

20、 slow| E;比及adj.&adv.慢慢的(地),緩慢的(地);v.(使)慢下來(lái),使(減速)作形容詞,表示“(緩)慢的;耗時(shí)的”,指速度不快,或進(jìn)展不快。例如:The car was travelling at a very slow speed.汽車正以非常慢的速度行駛。2 slow本身可作副詞,和 slowly區(qū)別如下:一般slowly視為slow的常用副詞;有時(shí),slow作為非正式用語(yǔ)或在路標(biāo)等中也用作副詞,亦可用以構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞;slow通常用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí);比較級(jí)時(shí) slower和more slowly 均可。例如:slow-moving traffic緩慢行進(jìn)的車輛Can you

21、 speak slower/more slowly?你說(shuō)慢點(diǎn)行嗎?(3作動(dòng)詞,可及物,可不及物;通常用于slow (sth.) down (使)慢下來(lái),(使)減速。例如:Growth in sales has slowed down.銷售的增長(zhǎng)放慢了。The ice on the road slowed us down.由于路面結(jié)冰,我們放慢了速度。反義詞:quick/fast adj. 快的工工不齒,(2019, 北京卷,閱讀 C) Our minds process a lot of information and time seems toslow down.13. smart| 了:橐

22、&n.聰明的,機(jī)靈的;智能的;時(shí)髦的g力丁島用法:表示“聰穎的,明智的”,例如:I was smart enough to wait for a week.我彳艮明智,等了個(gè)星期。2表示“智能的”,指機(jī)器、材料、技術(shù)等。例如: smart phone智能電話He felt an extreme sense of loss.他感至 U及其失落。(3用來(lái)形容人“衣著講究、光鮮的”,或表示“時(shí)髦的”。例如:You look very smart in that suit.你穿上這套衣服顯得很精神。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:smartly adv.漂亮地;瀟灑地;smartness n. 機(jī)靈,敏捷同義詞:cleve

23、r adj. 聰明的工工牙龍1(2019, 北京卷,閱讀 D) Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge.14. smell呼弱* v.嗅;聞到;發(fā)氣味;n.氣味詞形變化:過(guò)去 smelled 或smelt ,過(guò)去分詞 smelled 或smelt動(dòng)詞用法:作連系動(dòng)詞,表示“有某種氣味,聞起來(lái)像,smell+形容詞或smell like聞起來(lái)像。例如:The stew smelled delicious.這燉菜聞起來(lái)真香。What does the flower smell like?這種花聞起來(lái)什么味道?2

24、表示“聞,嗅”,指把鼻子靠近某物這一動(dòng)作。例如:Smell this and tell me what you think it is.你聞一下這個(gè),然后告訴我是什么。(3表示“聞到,嗅到(某種東西的氣味),常與 can/could連用,后面跟名詞。例如:I can smell coffee.我聞到了咖啡的味道。名詞用法:表示“氣味”,可數(shù)名詞,其后常接 of。例如:The air was filled with the smell of flowers.空氣中彌漫著花香。2表示嗅覺(jué)”,不可數(shù)名詞。常見(jiàn)于短語(yǔ):sense of smell嗅覺(jué)(3表示“聞,嗅”,指這一動(dòng)作,一般用單數(shù)。例如:H

25、ave a smell of this cheese; does it seem all right?聞一聞這塊干酪,沒(méi)變味吧?詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:smelly adj. 有臭味的,發(fā)臭的工工牙龍,2 2019 , d匕京卷, 閱讀 C) Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting,smelling or hearing.15. smooth豆善*dj.光滑的,平坦的;順利的用法:形容表面,“

26、平滑的,光滑的,相當(dāng)于 flat 。例如:Her skin felt smooth and cool.她的皮膚摸上去又滑又涼。表示“順利的,無(wú)困難、無(wú)問(wèn)題的”。例如:Everyone hoped for the smooth operation of the machine.所有人者 B 期望機(jī)器穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:smoothly adv. 平滑地;順利地;流暢地; smoothness n.平滑,平坦;順利工工牙龍1(2019,湖北卷,閱讀 C) And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more smoothly than I d

27、 ever thought.16. social15;疣丁 adj.社會(huì)的;社交的 -關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:social development/progress社會(huì)發(fā)展/進(jìn)步;social order社會(huì)秩序;social life 社交生活用法: 本義表示“社會(huì)的,有關(guān)社會(huì)的”;或“社會(huì)階層(地位)的”。例如:失業(yè)和教育之類的社會(huì)問(wèn)題 這些學(xué)生來(lái)自不同的社會(huì)階層。小組游戲有助于兒童發(fā)展交際能力。 在社會(huì)上social problems, such as unemployment and education The students come from different social classes.

28、2表示“社交的,交際的”。例如:Group play helps children develop social skills.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:society n. 社會(huì);社團(tuán);socially adv.(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates.So it helps with students health,improves theirsocial skills.A. either; orB. neither

29、; norC. not only; but also17. some 罰口 adj. 一些,若干;有些,某些;某一; pron.若干,一些;有些,某些形容詞用法:表示“一些,若干”,形容數(shù)量,修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞均可。例如:Theres still some wine in the bottle.瓶子里還有些葡萄酒。Have some more vegetables.再吃點(diǎn)蔬菜吧。2表示“有些,一部分”,指相對(duì)整體或全部而言。例如:Some people believe in life after death.有些人相信死后還有來(lái)生。表示“某個(gè),某種”,指不知道確切是那個(gè)人或物。例如:Ther

30、e must be some reason for her behaviour.她的行為定是有什么原因的。代詞用法:分別與 some形容詞的前兩種含義相對(duì)應(yīng)0 一些,若干”,代指可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞均可。例如:I ve just made coffee. Would you like some?我剛煮了咖啡,你想喝點(diǎn)嗎?“有些,一部分”,代指整體中的一部分,常與 of連用。例如:Some say it was an accident, but I don t believe it.有些人說(shuō)那是一個(gè)意外,但我不相信。Can I have some of your cake?我可以吃一點(diǎn)你的蛋糕嗎?關(guān)

31、聯(lián)單詞:somebody pron. 某人,有人;someone pron. 某一個(gè)人;something pron. 某事,某物;sometimesadv.有時(shí);somewhere adv.在某處I E!L里弗(2019,北京卷,單項(xiàng)填空)2.We plantedsomeflowersthe garden yesterday.A. onB. toC. inD. of(2019,北京卷,閱讀 D) As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewherein our networks, and can be found when

32、we need them, perhaps they re not really forgotten.18. sortv.把分類,整理;n.種類,類別關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:動(dòng)詞用法:sort sb./sth. outsort sth. into sth.整理,使整齊;挑出,揀選;解決,處理(困境或難題)Let s sort all the clothes into piles.把整理成;我們來(lái)把所有這些衣服都整理好分成幾堆。名詞用法:dsort=kind ;其后常接 of; all sorts (kinds) of各種各樣的;例如:There are all sorts of activities for

33、 kids in the kindergarten.在幼兒園有為孩子們組織的各種 各樣的活動(dòng)。表示“有點(diǎn),有幾分”,例如:t know why. 我有點(diǎn)喜歡他,但不知道為什么。(2 口語(yǔ)中可用 sort/kind of I sort of like him, but I don(2019年,江西卷,閱讀B) On my way to school I wondered whatsort of questions the other boyswould ask me and practiced all the answers: I am nine years old. 19. soundI后會(huì)v

34、.聽起來(lái):n.聲音動(dòng)詞用法:sound主要作連系動(dòng)詞,且有多重含義:C1與聲響有關(guān),表示聽起來(lái)像;sound+形容詞,sound likeI heard what sounded like fireworks.我聽到像是煙花的聲音。與人的話音(voice )相關(guān),表示“聽起來(lái);sound +形容詞,如:You sound as if you ve got a cold.你聽起來(lái)好像感冒了。(3相當(dāng)于seem,表示“聽起來(lái),看起來(lái),好像”,其后也可接形容詞, 直接sound+名詞。例如:sound as if/though ;例如:sound like , sound as it/though

35、; 例like , as if/though 等;另外還可That sounds a good idea.那主意聽起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。名詞用法:表示“聲,聲音”,指所聽到的聲響,注意不同于There were sounds of rats at midnight in this room.noise (指噪音,或特指吵鬧聲),可接 of。例如: 這個(gè)房間半夜有老鼠的聲音。特指“(電視、廣播、電影等的)聲音”或“音量”。例如:Turn the sound down a little, will you?把音量調(diào)低一點(diǎn)好嗎?詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:soundless(ly) adj.無(wú)聲的,寂靜的(2019年,浙江卷,

36、完形)The once familiar voice sounded so 15 and strange.15. A. seriousB. specialC. weak D. cold20. special直對(duì).adj.特別的;專門的用法:表示“不尋常的,特別的,特殊的“,與普通相對(duì);常用于 anything/something/nothing special結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如:Are you doing anything special for Christmas?你過(guò)圣誕節(jié)有什么特別活動(dòng)嗎?2表示“有專門目的的,其專門作用的”,例如:These teachers need special training.這些教師需要專門的培訓(xùn)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:specially adv. 特別地;專門地; specialis

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