1、英語醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文的格式和要求 (下)關(guān)鍵詞醫(yī)學(xué)科研安康網(wǎng)訊:4)討論部分總的要求：Theauthrshuldtellthereaderhattheresultseanbyplaingtheinthentextfpreviuspublishedstudiesftheprble,即：與先有研究相比，本研究有何意義。詳細(xì)要求：A簡要說明研究背景bakgrundB簡要介紹總的發(fā)現(xiàn)generalfindings；介紹詳細(xì)要點(diǎn)intrdutinfpintsD與現(xiàn)有發(fā)現(xiàn)假設(shè)有進(jìn)展比較parisninthentextftherstudiesE意義suggestedeaningF結(jié)論nlusinG前瞻研究fut

2、urestudies結(jié)論往往是論文中最長也是最難寫的部分，主要原因是作者要對研究結(jié)果和發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析、推斷、演繹和推理，要求作者具有很強(qiáng)邏輯思維才能和英語文字組織才能。此外，這部分時(shí)態(tài)比較復(fù)雜，要分清實(shí)驗(yàn)過程和結(jié)果過去時(shí)與分析意見確定：如今時(shí)；不確定或假設(shè)：過去時(shí)的區(qū)別；別人研究結(jié)果過去時(shí)或如今完成時(shí)與本研究結(jié)果過去時(shí)的區(qū)別；普遍適用的結(jié)論如今時(shí)與只適用本研究的結(jié)論過去時(shí)的其別等。因此，對于hever,ay,ight,uld,uld,pssibly,prbably,belikelyt等詞組的使用以及ebelieve(think/nsider)that,turknledge,inurexperie

3、ne(pratie)等插入語的使用就顯得格外重要。例如：ParenteralnutritinisbEingusedithinreasingfrequenyasapriarysurefalrisupprtinadultandpediatripatientsithgastrintestinalprbles.NueruspliatinshavebeenassiatediththeadinistratinfTPN,inludingasignifiantlyinreasedinidenefgallbladderdisease3-5,7.Thedataheresuggestthathleystetyisf

4、tenrequiredfrtheanageentfsyptatigallbladderdiseaseinthisgrupfpatients,andisassiatedithsignifiantrisks.說明研究背景，包括意義fthe35patientshrequiredhleystetyfrTPN-induedgallbladderdisease,perativerbidityandrtalityere54perentand11perent,respetively.aingt8hasstatedthathleystety“isnefthesiplestandsafestftheabdinal

5、peratins,andisassiatedithalperativertalityrate(abut0.5perent).Areviefthepediatriliteraturesuggeststhathenhleystetyisperfredinhildren,theperativerbidityislessthan10perent,andthertalityislessthan1perent.8,9Glenn11hasreprtedartalityrateflessthan0.1perentinver5,000patientsundertheagef50yearshunderenthle

6、ystety.Therbidityandrtalitybservedinurgrupfreeivinglng-terTPN,therefre,erefarinexessfhatuldbeexpetedfrappulatinfpatientshseeanageas29years.提出本研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)并將其與其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相比較urdatasuggestthatarespeififatrsuniquetpatientshrequirelng-terTPNthatntributettheinreasedrtalityandrbidityassiatedithhleystetyinthisseletgru

7、p.以下，作者用較大篇幅分析了這類病人死亡率和并發(fā)癥增高的臨床、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和手術(shù)等方面的原因，原文從略Basedntheresultsfurstudies,ebelievethatearlyhleystetyisindiatedinpatientsithTPN-induedgallbladderdisease.bviusly,allpatientsithsyptatidiseaseshuldunderghleystetyunlesstherespeifiedialntraindiatins.Theseperatinsshuldbeperfredinatiely,eletivefashinbeaus

8、edelayayresultintheneedfrurgentsurgeryandthereby,inreaseanalreadyhighrisk.Althughreentstudieshavesuggestedthathleystetyayntbearrantedintherisehealthypatientsithasyptatigallbladderdisease20,ebelievethatthisaxidesntapplytpatientsithTPN-induedgallbladderdisease.utdatasuggestthatthenaturalhistryfgallbla

9、dderdiseaseinpatientsreeivingTPNisnsiderablydifferentfrthatftheirunterpartsntreeivingTPN.Basednurfindings,ereendeletivehleystetyinpatientsreeivingTPNhengallstnesfirstappear.Furtherre,hleystetyshuldbensidered,espeiallyinhildrenithutstneshareunderginglapartyfrtherreasns.從對結(jié)果的分析及與其他研究的比較得出結(jié)論性意見，這是討論部分最

10、重要的內(nèi)容hetherTPN-induedgallstnesanbepreventedthrughdailystiulatedgallbladdereptyingaaitstheresultsffurtherstudies.前瞻研究5致謝部分總的要求：Alaysgetapprvalfyurintentintentinseneintheaknledgeentandapprvalfthefrinhihyuillpresenttheaknledgeent,即：致謝詞和致謝方式必須征得受謝人或單位的同意。6)參考文獻(xiàn)總的要求：Referenestylesshuldbespeifiteahjurnal,

11、既：根據(jù)各雜志的詳細(xì)要求，因?yàn)楦麟s志對參考文獻(xiàn)部分的編排順序和格式不盡統(tǒng)一?，F(xiàn)將URSBJ要求的20多種參考文獻(xiàn)中最常見的5種格式列舉如下：1VegaKJ,PinaI,KrevskyB.Hearttransplantatinisassiatedithaninreasedriskfrpanreatbiliarydisease.AnnInterned1996Jun1;124(11):980-3.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雜志文章2TheardiaSietyfAustraliaandNeZealand.linialexisestresstesting:Safetyandperfraneguidelines.edJAust

12、1996;164:282-4.作者是個(gè)組織3anerinSuthAfriaeditrial.SAfredJ1984;84:15.無作者名4ShenH,ZhangQF.Riskassessentfnikelardigeniityandupatinallunganer.EnvirnHealthPerspet1994;102Suppl1:275-82.某雜志增刊5BrellDA,LennardT.Iunlgistatusftheanerpatientandtheeffetsfbldtransfusinnantiturrespnses.urrpinGenSurg1993;325-33無期無卷7)插圖說明總的要求：Typerpintutlegendsfrillustratinsusingdublespaing,startingnaseparatepage,既：插圖說明要另頁雙行打櫻當(dāng)插圖中有箭頭arr、符號sybl、數(shù)字nuber或字母letter時(shí)，要在這部分不是在插圖頁上對其方向、位置等作出非常明確的說明。8插圖總的要求：Des