1、博雅教育PAGE PAGE 6高考英語完形填空題型解析完形填空題是 HYPERLINK / t _blank 高考英語卷中的重要題型，該題不僅側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對具體語境的把握能力，更是對學(xué)生整體語篇意義理解的連貫性和運(yùn)用語言的準(zhǔn)確性考查。它屬于有一定難度的障礙性閱讀理解題，是學(xué)生感到最難把握的題型之一。完型填空主要考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的七種能力：1）詞語辨析能力 2）語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力 3）語篇理解能力 4）邏輯推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）作者意圖剖析能力7）生活常識綜合運(yùn)用能力。一、命題特點(diǎn)及思路 HYPERLINK / t _blank 高考完形題的特點(diǎn)是突出語篇，以文章的

2、語境理解為主，考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識的能力。所以準(zhǔn)確把握短文的大意是正確答題的基礎(chǔ)。 完形填空所選短文的體裁以記敘文為主，說明文和議論文為副，寫人或記事，兼有個(gè)別議論的句子。選用日常生活中常見的語言材料，考察考生獲取信息和使用語言進(jìn)行社會(huì)交際的能力。所選題材大多有關(guān)校園生活，心理問題，奇聞軼事等熱點(diǎn)話題，趣味性強(qiáng)并兼有教育意義。一般為270至300單詞的一篇短文，其內(nèi)容邏輯性強(qiáng)，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明。文章首句不設(shè)空，但交待相關(guān)的背景材料，可挖掘的信息點(diǎn)很多，對整篇文章的理解起著至關(guān)重要的作用。 二、設(shè)題類別及解題思路 1. 做完形填空時(shí)要注意文章開頭提示句的點(diǎn)題作用和短文中完整句的啟示作用

3、。首先要快速瀏覽全文，弄清各段落之間，各層次之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，把握文章的完整性，根據(jù)上下文語境來確定最佳選項(xiàng)。結(jié)合上下文所給的提示（明示或暗示），對文章整體的需要進(jìn)行理解和把握。切忌只分析個(gè)別句子和段落，那樣會(huì)只見樹木不見樹林，犯片面性的錯(cuò)誤。因此快速瀏覽全文，掌握短文大意和作者用詞習(xí)慣是選擇這類題答案的訣竅，只有這樣才符合這種題型的解題思路。這類題在設(shè)題中所占比例較大，只要學(xué)生了解并掌握該類題的設(shè)題思路，就較容易拿分。2.根據(jù)詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配來確定選項(xiàng)。這類題多數(shù)涉及動(dòng)詞的用法和固定的搭配。這類題在設(shè)題中也占相當(dāng)?shù)谋壤?，只要學(xué)生有一定的詞匯基礎(chǔ)，得分也比較容易。 3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用

4、法，辨析詞義從而確定選項(xiàng)。這是對文章深層次的理解和對詞語意義及用法的高度結(jié)合題，屬學(xué)生不容易得分的題。解決這類題的關(guān)鍵是將詞語辨析與整體上感覺文章作者的寫作意圖及作者在本文中所體現(xiàn)的表達(dá)思路結(jié)合起來。從詞義及用法區(qū)別上著手，以文章的情節(jié)和邏輯為線索來選擇答案。 4.根據(jù)生活常識及文化背景知識進(jìn)行邏輯推理，確定最佳選項(xiàng)。這是體現(xiàn)語言學(xué)習(xí)離不開語言背景為特色的類型題。解決這類題學(xué)生要有相關(guān)文化背景知識和一定的生活常識。這類題在整篇的完形填空題中所占比例并不大。 三、解題步驟 1.研讀首句，通讀全文，把握主旨。學(xué)生做題時(shí)需要整體把握。所以應(yīng)先通讀全文，掌握文章大意，從整體上把握文章脈絡(luò)、結(jié)構(gòu)，理解作

5、者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，為下一步做題打好基礎(chǔ)。 2.注重語境，上下結(jié)合，試選答案。在掌握文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上復(fù)讀全文，邊讀邊選。從上下文語境、語意、語法、詞義等多種角度進(jìn)行篩選分析，試選出答案。 3.檢查全文，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，確保最佳。填空全部完成后，學(xué)生還要進(jìn)行回查，仔細(xì)推敲，校正全文，使短文恢復(fù)原貌。檢查文章語意是否前后一致，上下順通連貫，內(nèi)容完整，所選答案是否符合語法、句法結(jié)構(gòu)。要做到整體把握，局部服從整體，對有疑問的地方，應(yīng)結(jié)合文章的主題，從意義、語法或其他方面重新考慮，及時(shí)對答案做出調(diào)整。四、做題三忌1、急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題，不了解文意，無整體概念邊讀邊填，兩眼忙于空白與選項(xiàng)之間，

6、欲速則不達(dá)。2、只摳字眼，語法，不顧文意，抓不住關(guān)鍵。3、斷章取義，就題論題，不管前后聯(lián)系，互不照應(yīng)，前后矛盾。五、解題策略1、上下文語境法：【實(shí)例演練】1.Travelling west, you set your clock (1) ; traveling east ,you set it ahead. A behind B. forward C. back D. ahead2. Many old people dont have good (2) .They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music. A. hearing B. he

7、alth C. eyesight D. time3. Many Africans are very (3) and so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal(谷物). A healthy B. poor C. rich D .weak4 .Traveling (4) , today becomes yesterday; traveling west it is tomorrow. A .south B. east C. north D. west 【自我檢測1】I climbed the stairs slowly, carr

8、ying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked3. A

9、. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning【自我檢測2】But Ella Fant, who was filled with 1 , shouted at the top of her voice, Look at 2 Theyre all out of 3 except my John Isnt he the best1. A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret2. A. them B. those C. that D. him3. A. sight B. order C. mind D. ste

10、p 2、常識背景法：【實(shí)例演練】1 In the summer vacation of 1997 , I was fixed with a job . I worked as a(n) (1) at Mr. Breens fruit shop. A .operator B . assistant C .waiter D. secretary2There,1345 feet above the street ,a (2) figure was walking on air. A. great B. strange C. public D. tiny3The slave escaped from

11、his master and fled to the (4).As he was wondering about there , he came upon a lion. A. street B. park C. forest D. fieldKey: BDC【自我檢測1】It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New

12、York City.1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary【自我檢測2】（NMET1998）Every morning she would give him breakfast 29 bed and bring him the papers to 30 .29. A. to B. at C. in D. by30. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign3、習(xí)慣搭配法：【實(shí)例演練】(重慶試卷) As for this, there is a grea

13、t (1) between human beings and insects. The former (2) every possible efforts to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly(3) attention to themselves. 1. A. connection B. difference C. communication D. similarity2. A. do B. take C. make D. try3. A. give B. keep C. pay D. draw【自我檢測1】（NMET1992）

14、Mrs. Clark was 38 tea at the time.38. A. cookingB. makingC. burning D. serving【自我檢測2】The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant 1 a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 2 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long 3 the whole room was filled wit

15、h smoke.1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed3. A. ago B. after C. before D. now4、詞義辨析法： 【實(shí)例演練】1. Soon I heard a (1) like that of a door burst in , and then a clime of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. noise2. It was a pleasant way of passing time for an old

16、 man who lived (2). A. lonely B . alone C. away D . busily 3. The back door and the windows were all closed and there was no (3) of forced entry. A .scene B . show C. sign D .sight4There is nothing really new about (4) in exams. A. lying B. cheating C guessing D discussingKey: ABCB【自我檢測1】Dad taught

17、me a lot about life, especially its hard times.I remembered one of his 1 , one night when I was ready to quit (退出) a political campaign（運(yùn)動(dòng)）I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary.Tired, feeling the months of 2 , I went up to my study to make some notes.1. A. classesB. advice C. lessons D. talks

18、2. A. struggle B. working C. battle D. defence【自我檢測2】She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.It was a good 1 of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to 2 .1. A. idea B. way C. path D. plan2. A.

19、 do B. win C. work D. act5、語法分析法：【實(shí)例演練】（浙江試卷）It was raining. I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee. (1) I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place,.1.A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While Key: D6、邏輯分析法：【實(shí)例演練】（浙江試卷）I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their so

20、uls 23 their souls belonged to the 24 .23. A. because B. when C. until D. unless24. A. home B. world C. Net D. Caf【自我檢測】（江蘇試卷）The obvious explanation is that I couldnt admit I had seen the title (1) admitting that I had been looking at the things on his desk. (2) there must have been more behind it.

21、 1. A. by B. beside C. through D. without 2. A. But B. Though C. Otherwise D. Therefore 7、排除保留法：【實(shí)例演練】（浙江試卷）He was chatting online and, (1) , he was playing a computer gamea war game. I was (2) .1. A. first of all B. just then C. at the same time D. by that time2. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved

22、D. frightened【自我檢測】（重慶試卷）Hearing a strange noise from the (1) of the car, he naturally got out to (2) the wheels carefully, but he found nothing wrong, so he (3) his way. Again the noise began (4) and became even louder.1. A. front B. back C. left D. right2. A. clean B. change C. test D. examine3. A

23、. drove B. continued C. pushed D. forced4. A. normally B. gently C. actually D. immediately六、完形填空訓(xùn)練題閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Mrs Hammond ,though old and blind, was determined to do everything for herself. She used to go for walks once a day and found her way by 1 thin

24、gs with her stick. She learned 2 everything was, and never lost her way.One day, some men came and cut down some of the familiar 3 at the side of the paths she 4 . When she reached there that evening, she didnt 5 the trees with her stick, so she was in 6 .She 7 for a while and listened, but did not

25、8 anyone else. She went on walking, and then heard 9 below.“Am I 10 ? I suppose so,” she said. “I must be on a 11 , and there must be a river under me. Ive been 12 that theres a river in this part of the country, but I dont know its exact 13 . How can I get back?”Then she heard a mans friendly 14 .

26、”Excuse me, can I help you?”“How kind of you !” She answered. “Some of the trees I follow have been 15 today. If I hadnt been 16 enough to meet you, I dont know what Id have done. Can you please accompany me to my 17 ?”“Certainly,” the man answered. “Where do you live?”She told him her address, and he took her to her house. She told the man how 18 she was that she had met him. But the man said, “I want to say 19 to you” . Mrs Hammond asked, “Whatever for?”“Well,” the man said quietly, “I was balanced on the edge