1、高效語法復(fù)習(xí)篇 第11節(jié) 狀語從句 一、讓步狀語從句1用when 和while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。不要認為when和while只引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其實它們也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管或“雖然。She stopped when she ought to have continued.盡管她應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去，她卻停住了。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。2用whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Ill do it whether you like it or not.不管你是否喜歡，我

2、都要做。3用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。(1)均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論Whatever you say, I believe you.無論你說什么，我都相信你。Whoever telephones, tell them Im out.不管是誰打 ，都說我出去了。Whenever you come, you are welcome.無論你什么時候來，都是受歡送的。(2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，通?？蓳Q成no matterNo matter what you say, I believe you.無論你說什

3、么，我都相信你。No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat.無論他吃多少， 他都不發(fā)胖。(3)注意however用于以下兩類句型的用法。 however主語謂語However you travel, itll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走，至少要3天。however形容詞或副詞主語謂語However cold it is, she always goes swimming.不管天多冷，她都會去游泳。有時該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語和謂語可以有所省略：He was of some help, however small.

4、他總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。(4)有時從句謂語可用情態(tài)動詞。Ill find him, wherever he is (may be). 無論他在哪里，我都要找到他。Keep calm, whatever happens (may happen). 無論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。(5)whenever有時可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，wherever 有時可引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。Whenever we see him we speak to him.每次見到他，我們都和他說話。4讓步狀語從句與倒裝引導(dǎo)倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though，但是不能用although。Poor though I am, I

5、 can afford it.我雖窮，但這東西還是買得起的。Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there.盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。注意：as可以在以上這樣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中引出讓步狀語，但假設(shè)不倒裝，那么不能用as，而與之相反，although在不倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中卻不可以用。二、原因狀語從句1關(guān)于notbecause結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否認詞有時否認主句，有時否認從句，一般要根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確或符合邏輯的理解。假設(shè)not否認主句，最好在because之前用逗號，否那么會引起歧義，如下句在沒有特定上下文時就有兩種解釋：I

6、didnt go because I was afraid.我沒有去是因為怕。/ 我不是因為怕才去。不過假設(shè)because之前有just修飾，一般認為not 是否認從句的。You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。2because 習(xí)慣上不與 so 連用漢語習(xí)慣上說“因為所以，但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能將so與because連用：因為下雨，所以我們待在家里。正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, s

7、o we stayed at home.誤：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.3because 從句與 because of 短語的轉(zhuǎn)換because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換。He cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness.他因病不能來。I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of hi

8、s wifes being there.因為他妻子在那兒，我對此事只字未提。三、結(jié)果狀語從句1sothat與 suchthat的用法比較從用法上看，so后應(yīng)接形容詞或副詞，而such后接名詞。但有時“so形容詞后還可接一個名詞，且這個名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)。正：He is so clever a child that we all like him.這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。正：They are such clever children that we all like them.這些孩子很聰明，我們都很喜歡他們。誤：They are so cleve

9、r children that we all like them.此時的sothat結(jié)構(gòu)可與suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換：Its such an interesting film that we all want to see it.這電影很有趣，我們都想看。 Its so interesting a film that we all want to see it.這電影很有趣，我們都想看。 注意：在much, many, little, few這4個詞前總是用so而不用such。He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔

10、了許多跤，結(jié)果全身都是傷。2結(jié)果狀語從句與不定式短語的轉(zhuǎn)換由so that和sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有時可與表結(jié)果的so as to和soas to引出的不定式短語轉(zhuǎn)換。He arrived late so that he missed the train. He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很遲，結(jié)果未趕上火車。3so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別(1)含義上的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時表示的是一種意欲或可能性，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時表示的是一種事實。(2)形式上的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句之前不用逗號(說話時也不停頓)，而結(jié)

11、果狀語從句之前那么通常有逗號(說話時常有停頓)；有時引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時其前也可以沒有逗號，此時可看從句中是否有 can / could, may / might, will /would 以及should等情態(tài)動詞，如果沒有，那么多半是結(jié)果狀語從句。I am going to the lecture early so that Ill get a good seat. 我想早點去聽演講，以便找個好座位。(so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽演講去得很早，所以找了個好座位。(so t

12、hat 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)另外，so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時有時可放在主句之前，而引導(dǎo)狀語結(jié)果從句時卻不能。正：So that he could buy a new car, he saved a lot of money. 他節(jié)省了一大筆錢，以便能買輛新車。(引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)誤：So that I could hardly stand, I was tired.(引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句不能置于句首，可改為I was tired so that I could hardly stand. 我很累，幾乎站不穩(wěn)了。)四、目的狀語從句1引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的附屬連詞主要的有 in order that,

13、 so that, in case, for fear (that)等。Speak clearly so that they may understand you.講清楚些，以便他們能理解你。Shut the window for fear that it may rain.把窗子關(guān)上以防下雨。2目的狀語從句與狀語短語的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)為了簡潔起見，當目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時，目的狀語從句有時可用表目的的不定式短語替換。He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. He got up early so as to catch

14、the early bus.他起床很早以便趕上早班車。He came in quietly in order that he shouldnt wake his wife. He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife.他輕輕進來，以免把他妻子吵醒。(2)有時還可與表示目的的介詞短語替換。He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. He left an hour early for fear of missing the train.他提前一小時離開，以免錯過火車。3in c

15、ase引導(dǎo)從句的區(qū)別(1)in case既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主要視句意而定：In case he comes, let me know.(條件狀語從句)如果他來，告訴我一聲。Tell me in case you get into difficulty.(目的狀語從句)遇到困難請告訴我。(2)in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句有時可用“should動詞原形這樣的形式：Take your coat in case it rains (should rain)帶著雨衣以防下雨。五、條件狀語從句1除根本的引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的附屬連詞外，還有動詞尤其是其分詞形式(如suppos

16、e, supposing, provided, providing等)和介詞短語(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作連詞表示條件。I will come on condition (that) she is invited to.如果邀請她來， 那我就來。He may go with us provided (providing) he arrives in time. 他假設(shè)及時到，就可以和我們一起走。注意：suppose和supposing引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，通常用于主句為疑問句的場合：Suppose the boss saw you，what would

17、he say?如果老板看到你，他會怎樣說？Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?他假設(shè)不來，是不是不帶他去？2條件狀語從句的時態(tài)當主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意義時，條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。六、時間狀語從句1除根本的引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的附屬連詞外，還有些本來不是附屬連詞卻可用作附屬連詞的詞： (1) 表示“一就的附屬連詞：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, onc

18、e, no soonerthan， hardlywhen等。Immediately he came I told him the news.他一來我就把消息告訴了他。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.我一看到他就知道沒希望了。(2)涉及time的幾個附屬連詞：every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時)，the last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。Every time I see her Ill think of it.每次我看

19、到她，我就想起這事。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him.每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。2與時間狀語從句有關(guān)的時態(tài)問題(1)當主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意義時，時間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。Turn off the lights before you leave.走前關(guān)燈。I will tell him as soon as he arrives.他一來我就告訴他。(2)與since 從句搭配的主句的時態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。He has lived here since 2021.自2021年以來，他就一直住在

20、這兒。Where have you been since I last saw you?自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了？ 注意：在特定的語言環(huán)境中有時也可能用過去完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時：It seems like years since we last met.我們似乎幾年未見面了。Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。1. He is _ a good teacher _ we all respect. A. such; that B. such; as C.

21、so; that D. so; as 【分析】B此題容易誤選A，一方面是因為 suchthat是同學(xué)們很熟悉的一個句式，一看就可能選中了；另一方面，將 suchthat的意思“如此以致代入句中，也完全通順，即“他是一位如此優(yōu)秀的教師，以致我們大家都尊敬他。從外表上看，以上分析很有道理，但其實錯了。因為在suchthat (如此以致)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當句子成分，假設(shè)在上句填入 suchthat，句末的 respect 顯然缺少賓語(注意：respect 是及物動詞)。【分析】正確的答案應(yīng)是B，as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞

22、 teacher，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 respect 的賓語，句意為“他是我們大家都尊敬的一位好老師。有的同學(xué)們可能還會問，能否選A答案，而將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能。因為領(lǐng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。順便說一句，假假設(shè)在原句的respect后加上him一詞，那么應(yīng)選A，即He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.(他是如此好的一位老師，我們大家都尊敬他)。2. The building must be saved, _ the co

23、st. A. what B. which C. whatever D. whichever【分析】C許多同學(xué)對此題感到無從下手。此題有兩個難點：一是 whatever 的用法問題，二是此句的 the cost 后省略了動詞 is。whatever 有兩個用法，一是用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，二是引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(此時也可換成 no matter what)。3. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. them D. /【分析】A此題容易誤選D，許多同學(xué)想當然地認為when 所引導(dǎo)的句子是一個賓語從句，無需在 hate 和 when 從句之間使用其他詞語。事實上，when 在此引導(dǎo)的不是一個賓語從句，而是一個時間狀語從句，因為句中的 when 的意思并不是“什么時候，而是“當時候。另一方面，有的同學(xué)可能認為，就算 when 引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，也可以選D，因為動詞 hate 可視為不及物動詞，其后不接賓語?！痉治觥康聦嵣希琱ate 在現(xiàn)代英語中只用作及物動詞，其后必須要有賓語，假假設(shè)其后直接跟有 when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句或 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句時，習(xí)